Over mature Engelmann spruce and ponderosa pine (very mature). Near Kelowna. Photo Mike Meagher

Engelmann spruce and alpine fir(A.lasiocarpa) 400 years+ at Elevation 5000 feet. Northwestern Pulp and Power, Hinton

Engelmann spruce and alpine fir(A.lasiocarpa) 400 years+ at Elevation 5000 feet. N.B. decadence. Northwestern Pulp and Power, Hinton

Engelmann spruce and alpine fir 400 years+ at Elevation 5000 feet. Northwestern Pulp and Power, Hinton. N.B. decay and mortality

Fire origin Engelmann spruce and lodgepole pine with alpine fir in the understorey. Kamloops.

Engelmann spruce in Manning Provincial Park. Ht. 45m.

Endocronartium harknessii sporulating (aeciospores) on jack pine. Engelhart Management Unit

Endocronartium harknessii sporulating (aeciospores) on jack pine Engelhart Management Unit

Researchers gathering data

Field experiment on fertilizers effects on tree growth