Root system of Acer saccharum (sugar maple) in sandy loam till; dystric brunisol (despite Ae!); tree approx. 85yrs old; n.b. "tight" root system.

Root system of 8 year old Douglas fir. n.b. how limited the system is. Dussac, Dordogne.

Root system of 8 year old Douglas fir. n.b. how limited the system is. Dussac, Dordogne.

Jackpine 2+0 planted 1964, 7 yrs after. root system shows asymmetry cf. slides 576, 577. Davidson Twp. Englehart Management Unit.

Root pruning, or wrenching using a lifter blade. Black spruce, 3+0, root pruning/wrenching.

Root nodules (N-fixation) on Casuarina. Cape Verde, Dakar. Photo Lloyd Burridge.

Root in the Bt of gray-brown luvisol profile, slide #223.

Root channel just below Bt, in Ck; in profile of gray-brown luvisol slide # 222 & 223

Ron Spina and Susan Novak at a university residence.