Balsam fir/red spruce 40-45 yrs, clearcut in 1967-68. Fire origin white pine 140 + yrs left. Fir & spruce had been budwormed. J.D. Irving, Miramichi, Camp 63.

Aerial view of clearcut. Grand Falls, Abitibi-Price. N.B. slash.

Aerial view of budworm damage in balsam fir. Grand Falls, Abitibi-Price.

Budworm damage in young balsam fir and white spruce. Grand Falls, Abitibi-Price

Balsam fir killed by spruce budworm, Engelhart M.U.

Balsam fir killed by spruce budworm. N.B. black spruce relatively unaffected. Shebandowan Management Unit. Thunder Bay.

Spaced balsam fir, considered too heavy. N.B. size of trees. Photo: Fred Robinson

Balsam fir sawlogs. Bathurst New Brunswick. Person is Barry Nelson

Balsam fir stand, 5 yrs after main attack. Black Sturgeon, NW Ontario. Person is Doug Brodie. Photo Ken Turner.

High graded stand of balsam fir on private woodland. N.B. Poor form. Photo: Fred Robinson