Douglas fir planted 1973 (2+1 stock), spaced 1978, just prior to photo. Vesta Creek, Weyerhaeuser, Tacoma.

30 yr. old Douglas fir, natural regeneration after fire. UBC Forest Haney.

Fire origin Douglas fir, 350yrs, Dbh 140cm.,Ht.61m

Stumps show a pattern of logging; first large douglas fir, then smaller ponderosa and lodgepole pines. Kamloops.

Sorting yard. Nanaimo Lakes, Crown Zellerbach.

Area precommercially thinned (spaced) 3 yrs later. N.B. deterioration of slash. cf. slides #1478

Douglas fir area pre-commercially thinned (spaced) 3 yrs later. N.B. deterioration of slash. cf. slides #1478

Precommercial thinning in 25 yr old Douglas fir using "hack & squirt" i.e. hatchet and squirt can filled with herbicide. Crown Zellerbach, Nanaimo Lakes.

Precommercial thinning in 25yr old Douglas fir. 1478a is before, 1478b is after. Crown Zellerbach, Nanaimo Lakes.

Details of thinning (pre-commercial) in young Douglas fir. BC Forest Products. Port Renfrew.