Precommercial thinning in 25 yr old Douglas fir using "hack & squirt" i.e. hatchet and squirt can filled with herbicide. Crown Zellerbach, Nanaimo Lakes.

Precommercial thinning in 25yr old Douglas fir. 1478a is before, 1478b is after. Crown Zellerbach, Nanaimo Lakes.

Details of thinning (pre-commercial) in young Douglas fir. BC Forest Products. Port Renfrew.

Douglas fir styroplugs (2" and 8") planted Spring 1972. cf roots in slide # 1107

Douglas fir styroplugs (2" and 8") planted Spring 1972. cf roots in slide # 1107

Douglas fir sown in April in styroblocks, photo July. Fir douglas, 1+0, container, styroblock.

Douglas fir sown April, photo in July. Fir douglas, 1+0, container.

View of the depth of soil, Nanaimo Lakes, Crown Zellerbach. N.B. Materials are thick, but soil & rooting are not.

Location of Bob McMinn's Douglas fir site preparation trials. Bowron River, Prince George. The person is Fred Robinson.

Grafted tree, N.B. distortion of stem at graft & therefore weakness. Nanaimo Lakes, Crown Zellerbach.