Winter desiccation from low snow cover, especially in late winter. Black spruce, 2+1, desiccation.

Results of use of the stone picker n.b. absence of stones to left. Stone picking.

Stone picker, a potato machine. Stone picking equipment.

General view of drill sower in operation. Black spruce, 1+0, sowing seed.

Drill sowing seed using a modified agricultural drill sower. Black spruce, 1+0, sowing seed.

Interior of house showing rising 1+0 seedlings in broadcast beds. Black spruce, 1+0, greenhouse.

First crops of spruce cuttings and special seed lots. Black spruce, 1+0, greenhouse.

First plastic greenhouse at the Irving nursery. Greenhouse, plastic.

Erosion in transplant lines due to soil texture and slope. Black spruce, 2+1, transplants.

11/2+11/2 transplants after their first growing season at the Irving nursery, n.b. the compact root system. White spruce, 2+1, transplants.