Soil after lifting of first seedling crop, n.b. soil heterogeneity some Ae and Bf horizons. White spruce, soil conditions.

Comparison of normal 2+2 (left) and 1.5+1.5 (right). White spruce, 2+2, transplants.

Vertical root pruner in general use at Thunder Bay. Jack pine, 3+0, pruning roots.

Normal purpling of jack pine after the onset of the first frosts. Jack pine, winter "purpling."

Covering shoes of the seeder. Seeding.

Fertilizer bander shoes on seeder. Seeding.

Fertilizer bander in front of seeder. Seeding.

Closeup of the shoes of the seeder. Seeding.

Drill seeder in action. Seeding.

Closeup of the tines and the airblower. Weeding.