Mulching seedbeds n.b. machine has put on mulch, now it is being brushed to ensure even distribution. Mulching seedbeds, black spruce, 1+0.

Mulching seedbeds used to apply peat to seedbeds. Mulching, equipment.

Peat mulch applied to seedbeds in late August to prevent frost heaving. Black spruce; mulching. 1+0.

Mulched seedbeds to prevent frost heaving, n.b. success. Black spruce, 2+0, mulching, peat.

Comparison of seedlings from greenhouse 1/2+1 vs seedbed 11/2+1; n.b. greenhouse with compact root system, although smaller than conventional stock.

Comparison of greenhouse grown seedlings vs regular seedbed stock left: sdlgs sown greenhouse Feb. heeled-in June, transplanted Aug right: 11/2 seedbed stock transplanted Aug. Black spruce, 1+1, transplants.

Broadcast greenhouse beds for transplanting in summer, ht. 10-15cm. Black spruce, 1+0, greenhouse.

Band sown spruce. Black spruce, 1+0, seedbeds.

Seedling showing evidence of frost-heaving in seedbed. Black spruce, 2+0, seedbed.

Seed sown March, outplanted July 1972 at Camp 66, Miramichi. Black spruce, 1+1, container, paper pot.