Poplar litter showing flat 'shingle' type surface, cf. Slide #12. Spodosol, HF, FF, F, D.

Profile in water-laid sand; n.b. shallowness of actual profile in deepC materials; mixed forest of white pine/poplar; located near Achray in Algonquin Park. Spodosol, P, C, F, D.

Litter from red pine plantation after 45 years; n.b. openness allowing full infiltration. Spodosol, HF, FF, D.

Close-up of forest soil at Dorset in sandy loam; n.b. fine roots in thin Forest Floor - area has a fire history; Ae irregular and weak. Spodosol, P, FF, F, D.

Gray-brown podzolic with plow layer; an old field soil that has been planted to red pine at York Regional Forest (Vivian); n.b. this is abisequum with podzol developing in upper A, lower B i. Alfisol, P, C, F, D.

Plow layer at St. Williams nursery, Lots 11 & 12; n.b. homogeneity of the plow layer and sharp delineation from lower soil. Alfisol, H, C, HC, D.

General view of a Lithosol near Lake Traverse in Algonquin Park; vegetation, including trees (red pine) rooted in fissures in granite gneiss. Entisol, P, SB.

Deep peat (sphagnum) in Leitch Township. Cochrane; profile part of study by Walter Stanek MScF (1961) U of T on physical properties of peats. Histosol, P, S, D.

Orthic humic gleysol in central Ontario; n.b. typical gley colours, compaction lenses in the upper C horizon and the uncompacted lower fine sandy loam. Entisol, P, M, D.

Profile off highway #71, north of Fort Frances; former chernozem now supporting fire origin jack pine; n.b. colour, structure and pine root. Alfisol, P, T, F, D.