Profile under 300+ year Douglas fir and red cedar; Ah 25cm with worms; silt loam with gleying at 60cm; Pack Forest near Puyallup. Mollisol, P, C, D.

Cross-section of black locust nodule (x360) to show rhizobium cells the bacteria which due the nitrogen-fixation. Alfisol, HF, BSY.

Cross-section of black locust nodule (x4) to show general structure and the red colour due to presence of 'leghemoglobin' which shows there is active nitrogen-fixation. Alfisol, HF, BSY.

Nodules on black locust (robinia pseudoacacia) with rhizobium bacteria nitrogen-fixing; see slides #42 and 43. Alfisol, HF, BSY.

Cluster of nodules on Alnus; N-fixing by Actinomycetes. Spodosol, HF, BSY.

Nitrogen-fixing nodules on Alnus; actinomycetes the organisms. Spodosol, HF, BSY.

Digging the soil pit cf. slide #36, technology to the rescue! At Swastika nursery. Spodosol, P, C, F, D.

Digging out a soil pit by hand; KAA and Ken Reese doing their thing at the Swastika Nursery where there is to be more clearing of jack pine to enlarge the nursery. Spodosol, P, C, F, D.

Profile under the fallen trunk of the windthrown pine; n.b disturbance to the right; also slides numbers 33, 34, 35. Spodosol, P, C, WN, D.

Windthrow as in slides #33, 34 and 36; n.b. depth of buried Ae and H and the inversion; yellow/red 'firing' of the iron in B where a root burned (Pine?). Spodosol, P, C, WN, D.