The effect of wind on bed at time of sowing. Jack pine, 1+0, wind effect.

A natural cabbage heading probably from fertilizer pellet. White pine, 1+0, cabbage heading.

A cabbage heading induced by placement of fertilizer pellet. White pine, 1+0, cabbage heading.

Damping-off in extracted seedlings. Jack pine, 1+0, damping-off.

Arsenic poisoning in compartment that was converted from an apple orchard to seed beds. Arsenicals were sprayed regularly on the apple trees. Red pine, 1+0, arsenic toxicity.

September temperature of -12C(10F) causing frost damage on apical growth. Black spruce, 1+0, frost damage.

Foliage symptoms of N-chlorosis and P-purpling. White spruce, 2+0, nutrient deficiency, N & P.

Foliage symptoms of P-purpling deficiency, eye level view of seed bed.

A dishing of seedlings in the seedbed as a result of inadequate nitrogen supply. White spruce, 2+0, nutrient deficiency, Nitrogen.

Damping-off in germinating seedbeds; soil and water are alkaline. Red pine, 1+0, damping-off.