Soil after lifting of first seedling crop, n.b. soil heterogeneity some Ae and Bf horizons. White spruce, soil conditions.

A general view of seedbeds. Douglas fir.

A general view of seedbeds. Engelmann spruce, 2+0.

Shading seedbeds with airplane target material. Engelmann spruce, shading.

Covering sand being applied to seedbeds. 0, seedbed covering.

Purpling in jack pine after first good frost. Jack pine, winter "purpling."

A general view of band sown seedlings. White spruce.

Typical seedlings, of the first crop. Jack pine.

Typical seedlings n.b. secondary thickening. Jack pine, 1+0.

A typical seedling of the first crop. White spruce, 3+0.