A comparative growth of seedlings - large where no sawdust applied, small where heavy application made in soil preparation. Jack pine, 1+0, sawdust used in soil preparation.

Purple colouring in fall after frost in pine; a normal feature not to be confused with phosphorus deficiency. Jack pine, 1+0, fall colouring.

Nitrogen chlorosis showing as a "dished bed" in seedbeds. White spruce, 2+0, nutrient deficiency-nitrogen.

A general view. Jack pine, 2+0, general view.

Dragon fertilization tank on irrigation system. Fertilization.

Rainbirds irrigating seedbeds. Irrigation.

Germinating seedbeds, with shades from overwinter. 1+0, seedbeds.

Peat application at 100 cu.yds./ac. Soil treatment.

Lime-induced chlorosis, healthy on right chlorotic on left. Red pine, 2+2, nutrient deficiency.

Disking in the peat. Soil treatment.