Typical seedlings n.b. secondary thickening. Jack pine, 1+0.

Typical seedlings, of the first crop. Jack pine.

A general view of band sown seedlings. White spruce.

Purpling in jack pine after first good frost. Jack pine, winter "purpling."

Covering sand being applied to seedbeds. 0, seedbed covering.

Shading seedbeds with airplane target material. Engelmann spruce, shading.

A general view of seedbeds. Engelmann spruce, 2+0.

A general view of seedbeds. Douglas fir.

Soil after lifting of first seedling crop, n.b. soil heterogeneity some Ae and Bf horizons. White spruce, soil conditions.

Comparison of normal 2+2 (left) and 1.5+1.5 (right). White spruce, 2+2, transplants.