Black spruce on soil subject to cryoturbation. Photo: S. Zoltai.

Black spruce on old cutover, planted 1959, photo 1965. Imperfectly drained soil. McAree Twp. Person is Robert Fessenden.

Black spruce natural, 10 years from seed. Height. 2.3metres. Person is Rick Cooper. Sapawe

Black spruce. harvesting. Yard and flail delimber. Marathon, American Can.

Black spruce. Harvesting Feller buncher in black spruce. Marathon, American Can.

Black spruce harvesting. Forwarder - whole tree. Marathon, American Can.

Black spruce harvesting. Forwarder - whole tree. Marathon, American Can.

Black spruce harvesting. Forwarder - whole tree. Marathon, American Can

Black spruce harvesting. Results of flail delimbing. Marathon, American Can.

Black spruce harvesting. Flail delimber, Box-shaped axle. Marathon, American Can.