Mature red pine on shallow/bedrock. Fire origin. Central Ontario.

Natural white spruce along the river shore. Clay belt, Northern Ontario

Douglas fir reproducing on grassland in BC interior, near Dog Creek. Photo Mike Meagher.

Recent strip clearcutting in black spruce, showing strip, stumps and slash. Clay belt, Spruce Falls Power & Paper.

Result of clearcutting in over mature Douglas fir and western red cedar. N.B. amount of slash, need for slash burning. Photo Mike Meagher.

Over mature Engelmann spruce and ponderosa pine (very mature). Near Kelowna. Photo Mike Meagher

Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) & Norway spruce on bottomlands. North of Arhus. Photo Mike Meagher.

White spruce 2+2, planted May 1957 on poorly drained old field, cultivated in 1956. person in photo is Forester Leo Mullin. Larose Forest.

Area clearcut in 1940. N.B. stumps and open lower flat area of frost occurrence. Foret Montmorency, Parc des Laurentides.

Area clearcut in 1940 and late 1940s using Gyssen cable system. N.B. Two age classes from cut. Residual pockets of fir that could not be reached, & birch regeneration on haul road now a moose path.