Red pine planted ca. 1926 on "wasteland", i.e. old fields, at 43yrs. Vivian Forest west tract (York Regional Forest).

Same area as slide #416, after Hurricane of 1938. Photo 1938. Harvard Forest, Pisgah Tract. So much for old-growth.

Old-growth white pine & white cedar originated after hurricane & fire in mid-1600s?
Photo 1915. Harvard Forest, Pisgah Tract.

Black spruce planted 1966 in lowland area subject to late spring frost. N.B. no damage. J.D.Irving, Black Brook, Camp #9

Bending and breakage in black spruce (planted 1965). Heavy snow 1968-69 followed by a thaw and freezing rain, then refreezing to form heavy crust. J.D.Irving, Black Brook.

Bending and breakage in black spruce (planted 1965). Heavy snow 1968-69 followed by a thaw and freezing rain, then refreezing to form heavy crust. J.D.Irving, Black Brook.

Stem breakage in black spruce. Planted 1965. Heavy snow in early winter (1968-69) followed by thaw & refreezing with ice storm to create a hard crust which then collapsed. J.D.Irving, Black Brook.

Stem breakage in black spruce. planted 1965. Heavy snow in early winter (1968-69) followed by thaw & refreezing with ice storm to create a hard crust which then collapsed. J.D.Irving, Black Brook.

Damage from snow mold (Phacidium abietis). J.D.Irving, Black Brook Camp # 16.

Frost damage in planted white spruce (4 yrs from planting). J.D.Irving. Black Brook.