Jackpine in Ontario tube planted 1966, extracted 1970 after 4 yrs N.B. root symmetry & residual tube. Willison Twp. Engelhart Management Unit.

Roots of black spruce from Ontario tube, planted 1966, extracted 1970 after 4 seasons. Willison Twp. Engelhart Management Unit.

Comparison of roots of natural (N) and Ontario tube seedling (T) after 3 growing seasons. N.B. similarity. Engelhart Management Unit

2+0 jack pine planted 1967, extracted 1970 after 4 yrs. N.B. bend in root from planting with Sandvik hoe & general distribution of roots. Engelhart Management Unit (Plonski)

Lokomo drainage plow. Photo A.S.Michell

Swedish planting machine Osa AB 650. Photo A.S.Michell

Root nodules (N-fixation) on Casuarina. Cape Verde, Dakar. Photo Lloyd Burridge.

Soil profile under 13yr old Casuarina equeitifolia plantation, Cape Verde, Dakar. N.B. L & F layer, root. Photo Lloyd Burridge

Plantation of Casuarina equesitifolia at 13 yrs. Interior of stand N.B. form. Photo Lloyd Burridge

Plantation of Casuarina equisetifolia at 13yrs to stabilize dunes, Cape Verde, Dakar. Photo Lloyd Burridge