White pine (200+ yrs) established after fire, with red spruce (100 yrs) which seeded in after opening in pine. Black Brook, J.D.Irving.

White pine (200 yrs+) with a mature understory of red spruce (100 yr). WP is a result of fire, spruce seeded in as pine stand opened up. Black Brook, J.D. Irving.

Jackpine cutover treated with anchor chains 1963. 2 years jack pine seedlings resulting from treatment. Hyndman Twp. Dryden Paper.

Two year seedling at Suzanne Lake Dryden

Burn aerially seeded in 1964 on boulder pavement with teluric water. Photo one year later. Suzanne Lake, Dryden.

Bush tree planting in brush-covered old fields. Swastika

Bush tree planter showing operator planting bare root stock in slit made by machine. Swastika.

Bush tree planter in brush on old field. Swastika District.

Bush tree planter used in Swastika on brush lands (old fields).

Sanna Kannasto, founder of SJO in Nakina, Ontario. Magazine photo.