View of seedling out of bed. White spruce, 2+0.

A general view of seedbeds. White spruce, 2+0.

Seedlings root pruned by vertical knives. Jack pine, 3+0, root pruning.

General view of beds. Red pine, 3+0.

A general view of beds, rising 2+0. Jack pine, 2+0.

General view of seedbeds, white spruce, 1+0.

A general view of seedlings in beds. Engelmann spruce, 2+0.

A general view of seedlings, out of the soil.

A seedling after one season showing original phosphorus placement in soil. White spruce, fertilization.

Seed and banded phosphorus placement after banding. White spruce, 0, fertilizing.