Spacing in young balsam fir. Too dense still? Photo Fred Robinson, NS Pulp & Paper (now Stora). Cape Breton.

Yellow birch, 1 chain wide strip cut & scarified 1964, Photo 1966. Photo R.J.Day. N.B. regen of hard maple and yellow birch

Yellow birch which became established on rotting log, now since gone. N.B. large beech. Alleghany National Forest.

Yellow birch sapling coppiced for deer browse; Pine Springs, Dorset cut 1964-65; photo 1969.

Yellow birch regeneration on strip cut after 4 years. Mulock Twp. North Bay, person in picture is Dolph Wynia. Photo R.J. Day.

Yellow birch regeneration after clearcutting. Person is Fred Robinson Bancroft, Ministry of Natural Resources

Yellow birch regeneration after clearcutting. Person is Fred Robinson Bancroft, Ministry of Natural Resources

Yellow birch in area strip clearcut 1962, 10 yrs later. Mulock Twp. North Bay.