Plantation of Casuarina equesitifolia at 13 yrs. Interior of stand N.B. form. Photo Lloyd Burridge

Soil profile under 13yr old Casuarina equeitifolia plantation, Cape Verde, Dakar. N.B. L & F layer, root. Photo Lloyd Burridge

Root nodules (N-fixation) on Casuarina. Cape Verde, Dakar. Photo Lloyd Burridge.

Swedish planting machine Osa AB 650. Photo A.S.Michell

Lokomo drainage plow. Photo A.S.Michell

2+0 jack pine planted 1967, extracted 1970 after 4 yrs. N.B. bend in root from planting with Sandvik hoe & general distribution of roots. Engelhart Management Unit (Plonski)

Comparison of roots of natural (N) and Ontario tube seedling (T) after 3 growing seasons. N.B. similarity. Engelhart Management Unit

Roots of black spruce from Ontario tube, planted 1966, extracted 1970 after 4 seasons. Willison Twp. Engelhart Management Unit.

Jackpine in Ontario tube planted 1966, extracted 1970 after 4 yrs N.B. root symmetry & residual tube. Willison Twp. Engelhart Management Unit.

TBM spray planes at Juniper airport, J.D.Irving.