Damage from snow mold (Phacidium abietis). J.D.Irving, Black Brook Camp # 16.

Stem breakage in black spruce. planted 1965. Heavy snow in early winter (1968-69) followed by thaw & refreezing with ice storm to create a hard crust which then collapsed. J.D.Irving, Black Brook.

Stem breakage in black spruce. Planted 1965. Heavy snow in early winter (1968-69) followed by thaw & refreezing with ice storm to create a hard crust which then collapsed. J.D.Irving, Black Brook.

Bending and breakage in black spruce (planted 1965). Heavy snow 1968-69 followed by a thaw and freezing rain, then refreezing to form heavy crust. J.D.Irving, Black Brook.

Bending and breakage in black spruce (planted 1965). Heavy snow 1968-69 followed by a thaw and freezing rain, then refreezing to form heavy crust. J.D.Irving, Black Brook.

Black spruce planted 1966 in lowland area subject to late spring frost. N.B. no damage. J.D.Irving, Black Brook, Camp #9

Old-growth white pine & white cedar originated after hurricane & fire in mid-1600s?
Photo 1915. Harvard Forest, Pisgah Tract.

Same area as slide #416, after Hurricane of 1938. Photo 1938. Harvard Forest, Pisgah Tract. So much for old-growth.

Red pine planted ca. 1926 on "wasteland", i.e. old fields, at 43yrs. Vivian Forest west tract (York Regional Forest).

Red pine at 43yrs planted on abandoned wind-eroded farmland. Vivian Forest west tract (York Regional Forest). Persons- Erling Armson (skis) & Harriett Armson (red jacket)