Backspar and loading (Inslay loader) at Shawinigan Division, Macmillan Bloedel, Vanacouver Island.

Backspar and loading (Inslay loader) at Shawinigan Division, Macmillan Bloedel, Vancouver Island

An iron age hill fort of multiple banks and ditches on a steep hilltop site.

Pre-commercial thinning in 15yr balsam fir.Grand Falls, Abitibi-Price

Aerial view of recent clearcut. N.B. small size, irregular shape and buffer on stream. Grand Falls, Abitibi-Price.

Balsam fir after clearcutting in 1940s. Foret Montmorency, Parc des Laurentides. Logging by Anglo-Canadian.

Balsam fir/red spruce 40-45 yrs, clearcut in 1967-68. Fire origin white pine 140 + yrs left. Fir & spruce had been budwormed. J.D. Irving, Miramichi, Camp 63.

Aerial view of clearcut. Grand Falls, Abitibi-Price. N.B. slash.

Aerial view of budworm damage in balsam fir. Grand Falls, Abitibi-Price.

Budworm damage in young balsam fir and white spruce. Grand Falls, Abitibi-Price