Weak ferric profile in sandy loam till Algonquin Park, under hemlock.

Thin section (x200) of Ah in slide #140, showing weathering of biotite in an organic matrix

Wood local trade in a Pakistani market

Well-developed Bh under Balsam fir in central Quebec; humus has formed a firm `pan'. Spodosol, P, HB, F, D.

Well-developed profile imperfectly drained. Photo: Roger Pitblado.

Well-drained sandy loam, with Ah;Ae;Bf. under poplar and oak. Next to Indigenous burial mound at Rainy River.

Well-drained under wooded grassland in gneissic drift. Photo: Roger Pitblado.

Well-drained under woodland - Nguru series. Photo: Roger Pitblado.

Ship in the Welland Canal

Western hemlock "seeding-in" by wind in Lawson's cypress beds. Lawson's cypress, 2+0, windblown contamination by seeds.