Comparison of seedlings from greenhouse 1/2+1 vs seedbed 11/2+1; n.b. greenhouse with compact root system, although smaller than conventional stock.

Mulched seedbeds to prevent frost heaving, n.b. success. Black spruce, 2+0, mulching, peat.

Peat mulch applied to seedbeds in late August to prevent frost heaving. Black spruce; mulching. 1+0.

Mulching seedbeds used to apply peat to seedbeds. Mulching, equipment.

Mulching seedbeds n.b. machine has put on mulch, now it is being brushed to ensure even distribution. Mulching seedbeds, black spruce, 1+0.

General view of seedbeds in fall. Black spruce, 1+0, seedbeds, general view.

Comparison of seed sources, Ontario (Kapuskasing) on left, NB (Black Brook) on right. NB shows interbreeding with red spruce. Black spruce, 1+0, provenance.

Comparison of Ontario (Kapuskasing) left and NB spruce (right). Provenance, black spruce, 2+0.

Side view of seedlings in bed. Black spruce, 2+0, seedbeds.

Comparison of two NB sources; left local Juniper source, right seed from Sussex, NB. White spruce, 1+0, provenance.