Close-up of seedlings showing upper top kill from late winter desiccation. Black spruce, 2+0, desiccation.

Rototilling land preparatory to planting. Cultivation.

Representative seedlings from the seed beds, one of the first crops. White pine, 2+0, seedlings.

Representative seedlings from the first crops. Red pine, 2+0, seedlings.

Representative seedlings from the first crops. Jack pine, 2+0, seedlings.

Seedlings in situ in bed with roots and soil exposed, n.b. location of roots and the well-developed plow layer after approx. 10 years since nursery was established. Location Comp. B-11. Jack pine, 2+0, seedlings in bed.

Installing nail board to measure root distribution in situ. Jack pine, 2+0, root distribution.

Nail board extracted showing general placement of roots. Jack pine, 2+0, root distribution.

Nail board with soil washed from roots, showing root distribution n.b. the nails are at 1" intervals. Jack pine, 2+0, root distribution.

Hand lifting at the Spruce Falls Power & Paper Co nursery. Note that trees are being baled on stone boat. Black spruce, 2+2, lifting, hand.