Seedlings root pruned by vertical knives. Jack pine, 3+0, root pruning.

A general view of seedbeds. White spruce, 2+0.

View of seedling out of bed. White spruce, 2+0.

General view of fertilizer trial. White spruce, 2+0, fertilization trial.

A control plot in U-2 trial. White spruce, 2+0, fertilization trial.

1/2 rate of NP in U2 trial. White spruce, 2+0, fertilization trial.

Double rate of fertilizer application. White spruce, 2+0, fertilization trial.

View of beds used in periodic uptake study. White spruce, 2+0.

General view of trial area n.b. no response. White pine, 1+0, fertilization trial.

Nitrogen fertilization trial N @ 300lb/ac as ammonium sulphate, one of the first such trials in Ontario. White spruce, 1+0, fertilization.