Newly summer transplanted seedlings. White spruce, 2+0, transplants.

First installation of an automated acid injection system in an Ontario nursery R.D. Carmen main contributor. Acid injection system.

Splashing of fine soil around seedlings from irrigation water. White spruce, 2+0, mulching, lack of mulch results in "caking."

A large irrigation gun-totally oversized. White spruce, 2+0, irrigation.

Band sown seedbeds n.b. chlorosis. Red pine, 2+0, seedbeds.

R.D. Carman examining soil on the site of the new nursery, n.b. existing vegetation. Nursery establishment.

Shredding peat prior to application on the first seedbeds. Peat shredding.

A closeup of the rotary head of the mulcher. Mulching.

Gandy fertilizer spreader. Fertilization.

Mulching seedbeds with rotary spreader using sawdust. 0, mulching.