Pinus sylvestris IUFRO tour - PNsy fertilized 1945, and every 6 years since, age now 130 yr.

Pinus sylvestris IUFRO Tour - cross-section of PNsy now 130 years old

Pinus sylvestris IUFRO tour - upper bole

Pinus sylvestris IUFRO tour - crowns of 130 yr trees

Pinus sylvestris IUFRO tour - 34 year old PNsy - 2 metre spacing. Geo. Stoebler

Podsol profile in a deep medium/fine sand; Dunmore Twp. Plonski Forest near Swastika; under jack pine & poplar; n.b. shallowness of the profile.

Podsol profile in dump loamy till. Truax Twp. Plonski Forest; see slide # 239 for vegetation.

Podzol after disturbance near Poitiers. Disturbance in healthland profile from cultivation.

Podzol developed in brown wooded an example of a bisequum; photo from Canada Department of Agriculture. Spodosol, P, C, D.

Podzol developed in stony till, Miramichi; n.b. dense root mat in the Forest floor.