Black spruce plantations. N.B. youngest near road, angle of plantation oldest behind, and uncut hardwoods. Black Brook, Stewart Hwy. J.D. Irving

Aerial view of plantations established in strips. Black Brook, J.D. Irving.

Aerial view of plantations. N.B. Roads and series of beaver ponds. Black Brook, J.D.Irving

Aerial view of plantations and Deersdale mill. Napadogan Road. J.D. Irving.

Natural regeneration after clearcutting at 31 years. Renfrew Div. B.C. Forest Products. N.B. undergrowth of huckleberry etc.

Natural Douglas fir at 31 years after clearcutting, probably slash burn. N.B. stump from earlier cut. Renfrew Div. B.C. Forest Products.

General view of over mature Douglas fir & western hemlock being cut. Renfrew Div. B.C. Forest Products.

Modifed Koehring with power heads for scarification. Developed by Great Lakes Forest products. Thunder Bay.

Power heads of scarifier mounted on Koehring & developed by Great Lakes Forest Products, Thunder Bay

Boulder used for site preparation. Geraldton 1961. Photo by F.C. Robinson. cf slides # 1967 & 2018