Peridermium harknessii on jack pine. N.B. repeated branching. Sapawe

Budworm damage on red spruce. Black Brook, J.D.Irving.

Balsam woolly aphid damage on A. grandis. N.B adjacent hemlock. Shawinigan Division, Macmillan Bloedel.

Budworm damage on red spruce. Black Brook, J.D.Irving

Budworms eating on tips of white spruce. Black Brook, J.D.Irving.

Petawawa - PNre - normal and fastigiate form (grafts)

Phosphorus deficiency in jack pine at 25 days. Jack pine, 1+0, nutrient deficiency, phosphorus.

Phosphorus deficiency in seedling jack pine at 70 days from germination. Jack pine, 1+0, nutrient deficiency - phosphorus.

Phosphorus purpling in shoots of seedlings. White spruce, 2+0, nutrient deficiency, phosphorus.

Photo at Vivian of residual old white pine stump on deep sands that eroded after clearing for agriculture in mid 1800's. Pine were approximately 200+yrs and came in on previous Indigenous fields. Alfisol, HF, T, WN, D.