Open grown jack pine on very shallow bedrock, fire origin. Near Britt Georgian Bay.

Open grown ponderosa pine with sage brush, nr. Vernon, Okanagan valley.

Open grown ponderosa pine with sage brush, nr. Vernon, Okanogan Valley.

Open pit mining, Alberta

Orhtic acid brown wooded, N.B. little differentiation in colour Photo: Canadian Department of Agriculture. Alfisol. P, C, D.

Orono - clonal spruce trial - note growth differences

Orono - graft on PNs - field grafting after 10 years

Orono - grafted PIm (black spruce). Bill Baker & Glen McLeod

Orono - grafted PNs (white pine) in overwintering house

Orono - selected white pine trial - note difference in form