Old windthrow in ponderosa pine. Coconino National Forest. Flagstaff, Arizona

White pine 300 yrs in reserve area. Pack Forest, Warrensburg, NY.

Old-growth white pine & white cedar originated after hurricane & fire in mid-1600s?
Photo 1915. Harvard Forest, Pisgah Tract.

Douglas fir 750+yrs left during logging at Shawinigan Division, Macmillan Bloedel. Ht.222ft.; Dbh12,5ft., 108ft. to first limb.

Hippopotamus bone, fossil.

Panoramic view of Olduvai paleontological site

Reconstruction of huts used by early humans, similar to that used by San of the Kalahari.

Vegetation near the Olduvai gorge

View of the paleontological site.

Dr. Al Leaf of SUNY, Syracuse describing his study on red pine roots, Pack Forest, Warrensburg