Frost damage on white spruce compared with adjacent black spruce with no damage. Perkins Brook, Black Brook, J.D.Irving.

Late spring frost damage to planted white spruce. Black Brook, J.D. Irving.

Helicopter used in inspections. Person is Niels Kreiberg. J.D. Irving.

Black spruce strip clearcut 1963, regeneration after 15 yrs. Persons are Bill Fullerton, Fred Robinson & George Marek. Beardmore, Domtar.

Planted in Ontario tubes in 1966, then replanted with 2+0 jack pine in 1970. Hand-cleaned 1977-78 for $35/acre ($86/ha). Geraldton, Person is Fred Robinson.

Jackpine seeded at 100 k/acre (247 k/ha) in 1958. Now 20yrs old. The stand was pre-commercially thinned in 1969 to 5X5 ft. Beardmore. MNR.

Aerial view of the area cut with Koehring feller forwarder. N.B. lack of roads. Manitouwadge, Ontario Paper.

Scarification of slash in 1962 to get jackpine. Stand 16 years later. The person is Bill Fullerton. Geraldton MNR.

Aerial view of conventional cut & skid (1972). Manitouwadge, Ontario Paper.

Aerial view of cutover 1970 whole tree using "Arbomatic". N.B. road pattern. Manitouwadge, Ontario Paper