Eastern hemlock, clearcut in Algonquin Park.

Dense mature stand of hemlock in Algonquin Park.

Crown closure in mature stand, Algonquin park.

Hemlock stand n.b. old white pine stump. Algonquin park.

Interior of hemlock stand, Algonquin Park

Forest floor under mature hemlock, n.b. complete absence of regeneration and other vegetation.

General view through mature hemlock stand. Algonquin Park.

Soil profile under mature hemlock. n.b. well-developed podzol with Ae and Bf Algonquin Park

Regeneration of hemlock only at base of old pine stump or old pine stem. Algonquin Park.

Regeneration of hemlock only at base of old pine stump or old pine stem. Algonquin Park.