Surface of wooded soils (hardwoods) in June after complete decomposition of previous years litter. Woodlot nr. Wingham.

Well-drained sandy loam, with Ah;Ae;Bf. under poplar and oak. Next to Indigenous burial mound at Rainy River.

Close-up view of weathering of piece of gneiss in top of C horizon at the profiles in #331 and #332

Close-up of structure in lower Bt/Cca showing prismatic-columnar structure; Also N.B. roots and rots channels.

General view of pit showing clay loam under hardwood. Same location as # 329 & 330. Richmond Hill Observatory. Luvisol, P, S, D.

Profile under hardwood (mainly maple) showing Ah;Bt;Cca. N.B. the structure of the Bt. Same as #329 but different lighting.

Profile under hardwood (mainly maple) showing Ah, Bt and Cca. Pit at Richmond Hill Observatory.

Well-drained under woodland - Nguru series. Photo: Roger Pitblado.

Well-drained under wooded grassland in gneissic drift. Photo: Roger Pitblado.

Alluvial sandy clay, poorly drained. Photo: Roger Pitblado.