Letourneau crusher on hardwood cutover and Thrush spraying herbicide on an adjacent plantation. Black Brook, J.D,Irving

Effect of crusher on forest floor. Black Brook, J.D.Irving. N.B. the "chopping action", but no other disturbance.

Douglas fir Old cutover. Residual douglas fir 10 yrs after first sawlog cut. N.B.poor state of the stand. Williams Lake

General view of plantations & cutovers. Copper Canyon, M. and B. Vancouver Island

General view of plantations and cutovers. N.B. age classes and trees left along the stream. Copper Canyon, M&B Vancouver Island.

Douglas fir. Plantations were established in small clearcuts. Copper canyon M&B, Vancouver Island.

Macmillan & Bloedel's first plantation at 24 yrs (1978), i.e planted in 1954. Copper Canyon, M&B, Vancouver Island. cf slide #643 of same at 17 yrs

Aerial views of 1957 horse logging and 1960 strip cutting (66ft.) N.B the different patterns, residuals (too small) and lack of stream buffers. Manitouwadge, Ontario Paper

Aerial view of cutover 1970 whole tree using "Arbomatic". N.B. road pattern. Manitouwadge, Ontario Paper

Aerial view of conventional cut & skid (1972). Manitouwadge, Ontario Paper.