Dense control in 54-year-old ponderosa pine Base Area 150sq.ft./acre. person is Gil Schubert. Taylor Woods, United States Department of Agriculture Flagstaff

Dense mature stand of hemlock in Algonquin Park.

Dense Rubus spp.(raspberry) growth 2-3 seasons after hardwood had been crushed. N.B. planted but no trees were visible. Black Brook, J.D. Irving.

Abandoned facilities at Depot Harbour, Parry Island.

old facilities

Abandoned facilities

Depot Harbour, Parry Island, Georgian Bay - shallow soil.

Description of importance of shelterbelts for farms by T. Southworth, 1899, Ontario

Winter desiccation in red spruce planted in open. N.B. zone of damage and green above suggesting late winter (March?) and ice crust causing high temperature. Camp 12. J.D.Irving, Black Brook.

Desiccation on red spruce from late winter. U of T Forest, Dorset.