Fire origin jack pine on SC #1 site. at 58 yrs. N.B. decadence of crowns

Fire origin jack pine on SC #1 site. at 58 yrs. N.B. decadence of crowns

Salt damage on white pine at road side. Huntsville.

Dead crown from blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). Parry Sound.

Dead crown from blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). Parry Sound.

Plantation of Casuarina equisetifolia at 13yrs to stabilize dunes, Cape Verde, Dakar. Photo Lloyd Burridge

Plantation of Casuarina equesitifolia at 13 yrs. Interior of stand N.B. form. Photo Lloyd Burridge

Soil profile under 13yr old Casuarina equeitifolia plantation, Cape Verde, Dakar. N.B. L & F layer, root. Photo Lloyd Burridge

Root nodules (N-fixation) on Casuarina. Cape Verde, Dakar. Photo Lloyd Burridge.

Swedish planting machine Osa AB 650. Photo A.S.Michell