653 10 13373 https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/f556261f43f4a75e9abf3f8435cbed2f.jpg 29c2d54fd7ce50508169ed2f3e937cb0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ken Armson fonds Subject The topic of the resource Forestry Description An account of the resource A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1995 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Balsam fir killed by spruce budworm Subject The topic of the resource Forest Products Industry Description An account of the resource Balsam fir killed by spruce budworm, Engelhart M.U. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Armson-Silviculture-1824 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Canada-Ontario https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/98a41c86abb0aa6eff3e63866e1d1f44.jpg f5008abe4963cb71b8000ad7467dc6dc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ken Armson fonds Subject The topic of the resource Forestry Description An account of the resource A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1995 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The winners of the 1982 soils competition Subject The topic of the resource Forest Products Industry Description An account of the resource The winners of the 1982 soils competition. Brockville, Opinicon Resort Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Armson-Silviculture-1823 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Canada-Ontario https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/595ca91b69e185267fb3ed3526069a49.jpg c2ac0d5ff86bb443380051475061d786 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ken Armson fonds Subject The topic of the resource Forestry Description An account of the resource A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1995 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The judges-Israel Lyon, Larry Lambert & Moe Nelson Subject The topic of the resource Forest Products Industry Description An account of the resource The judges - Israel Lyon, Larry Lambert & Moe Nelson (Pres. Spruce Falls) at Brockville soils course, Opinicon resort Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Armson-Silviculture-1822 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Canada-Ontario https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/eb403cc2988f5af00fd243abf9b9bb40.jpg 976d63f7cf103b4a5e2c9fb0bbd4f1ad https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/b444da1b511fa178cec5fc2857337cef.jpg 58b74b23a576139b8e9e66d313be288d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ken Armson fonds Subject The topic of the resource Forestry Description An account of the resource A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1995 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Some of the presentations at the Brockville soils course. Subject The topic of the resource Forest Products Industry Description An account of the resource Some of the presentations at the Brockville soils course.Opinicon resort Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Armson-Silviculture-1821 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Canada-Ontario https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/a43ac43e7e2885cadf3f0e46acd93b48.pdf 6a85e29d1aa86d61442975ed2e3bfa3a PDF Text Text �������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thunder Bay Finnish Canadian Historical Society Collection Subject The topic of the resource Finnish-Canadians Life in Thunder Bay Description An account of the resource Photographs collected by the Thunder Bay Finnish Canadian Historical Society from a wide range of collectors, documenting Finnish immigration to and life in Thunder Bay. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Thunder Bay Finnish Canadian Historical Society Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Lakehead University Library Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Steel Strike of 1907 Subject The topic of the resource Business and Industry Description An account of the resource Manuscript by Raymond W. Wargelin Concerning The Steel Strike of 1907 On The Mesabi Range Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Raymond W. Wargelin Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bay Street Project Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1907 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MG8, A, I, 2, 7, I1 (GFI-0013) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant United States- Minnesota- Mesabi Range https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/161ebd84754c0be3ee8fb3bc7b0a8af6.pdf fb9042160821b88eece4b0930b945011 PDF Text Text Table of Contents Kenneth A. Armson R.P.F. Topic Page Archaeology - Camps, Earthworks and Remains ……………………………………. 2 Archaeology Slides ………………………………………………………………………. 4 Erosion & Rehabilitation Slides ………………………………………………………… 6 Finland - Sweden 1970 ……………………………………………………………………8 Fire Damage Study – 1968 ……………………………………………………… ……. 13 Forest Management Audits 1993 ………………………………………………………. 22 Genetics and Tree Improvement (M. D. Meagher) ……………………………………………….. 24 Geology & Land Form Slides …………………………………………………………………….. 29 Land Use Slides ……………………………………………………………….………… 32 North Carolina Trip 1969 ……………………………………………………….………. 39 Norway, 1976 ……………………………………………………………………………. 42 Site Preparation Equipment …………………………………………………………… 44 Tree Slides ……………………………………………………………………………… 48 1 �Aerofilms Educational Series Archaeology - Camps, Earthworks and Remains Location Description England Rollright stones - 100 ft. diameter stone circle of megalithic origin. Near Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire Badbury Rings - an iron age hill fort of multiple banks and ditches on a steep hill top site. Near Wimborne, Dorset An iron age hill fort, single bank and ditch. Beacon Hill, near Whitchurch, Hampshire An early neolithic monument marked by wooden posts. Woodhenge, near Amesbury, Wiltshire An early iron age outer bank enclosing Roman and Norman Castle and Cathedral remains. Old Sarum, Wiltshire An early bronze age henge monument or sanctuary. Stonehenge, Wiltshire An early bronze age hill fort on the site of an earlier neolithic settlement. Maiden Castle, Dorset Viking settlement, Trelleborg Fortress. The island of Zealand, Denmark The largest artificial mound in Britain of unknown origin and significance. Silbury Hill, Wiltshire Neolithic long barrow, 350 ft. long, surrounded by a kerb of sarsen stones. West Kennet Long Barrow, Wiltshire White Horse, first cut in the iron age, later attributed to King Alfred, probably The oldest white horse on the chalk downs. Uffington, Bershire Roman vicus or civilian suburb and the amitheatre. Caerleon, Monmouthshire 276 Open field strips, followin gthe contours including the characteristic involuted shape. Crimscotte furrows. Near Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire Burnswark hill fort and Roman seige works. Lockerbie, Dumfriesshire Abandoned Celtic field. Chilcomb Down, near Winchester, Hampshire Site of lost village, Southorpe, near Hornsea, Yorkshire Stone age, bronze age, iron age and Viking settlements on one site. Jarlshof, Shetland England England England England England England Denmark England England England England England Scotland England England Date 2 No. 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 277 278 279 280 281 �England England France Iraq Libya Africa Roman theatre, Verulamium, St. Albans, Hertfordshire Rutupiae, a third century Roman fort, with the ruins of a more recent castle and Defensive ditches. Richborough, Kent Remains of a Roman amphitheatre, Arles, France The remains of the Malwiya, spiral minaret and remains of barracks. Near Samarra, Iraq Remains of rock carved temple. Petra near the Dead Sea Remains of a Phonecian-Roman city. Leptis Magna, Libya Graeco-Roman remains. Cyrene, North Africa 3 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 �Archaeology Slides (Kenneth A. Armson R.P.F. Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can On Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON England England England England Can NB Can NB Can NB Can NB Can NB Serpent Mounts, Rice Lake Bone pit ca 1100 AD - Glen Williams - general view Bone pit ca 1100 AD - Glen Williams - general view Bone pit ca 1100 AD - Glen Williams - general view Indian burial mounds - ca 900 AD - Long Sioux, Rainy River Burial mound - Rainy River Excavated Indian burial mounds - Rainy River- viewed from above Excavated Indian burial mounds - Rainy River- viewed from above Long Sioux mound No. 7 - bones in mound Indian burial mound - bones in position - Rainy River Rolls of turf of which mound is composed - general view Indian burial mound, Rainy River, No. 8 - rolls of turf Post molds - 1400 AD - Oshawa Post molds - 1400 AD - Oshawa Post molds - 1400 AD - Oshawa Post molds - 1400 AD - Oshawa - close-up view Post molds - 1400 AD - Oshawa - cross-section of post mold Post molds - 1400 AD - Oshawa - cross-section of post mold Indian burial mound, Fort Frances, Rainy River District 1894 cemetery adjacent to Indian burial mound, Fort Frances. Bruce Ferguson Soil profile adjacent to Indian burial mound, Fort Frances Stonehenge Mycenean daggers, Stonehenge Pollen profile of heath, New Forest Pollen profile of oak, New Forest Rife site at longhouse location - hardwoods and old pine stumps, Mel Brown Rife site - close-up of cross-section of midden - near Campbellville Rife site - midden - note ash layers - near Campbellville Rife site - midden - ash layers - near Campbellville Rife site near Campbellville, Dr. Bill Finlayson at midden 4 1966 1966 1973 1973 Nov. 1999 Nov. 1999 Nov. 1999 Nov. 1999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b 10a 10b 10c 11 12a 12b 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21a 21b 21c 22 �Can BC Can BC Ancient (2500 BC) winter house at Shuswap Centre, Kamloops, BC Ancient (2500 BC) winter house construction at Shuswap Centre, Kamloops, BC 23 24 Olduvai Gorge Slides Olduvai - view of gorge unnumb Olduvai - location & Zinjanthropus & bones unnumb Olduvai - hippo bone Olduvai - view of gorge Olduvai - Acacias & duvai plan Olduvai - Massi cattle - note thorn bushes to protect bones Early man’s tools Olduvai - Huts (reconstruction that early man used same as that use by bushman of the Kalahari Nairobi - Zinjanthorpus (right) Olduvai - Zinjanthropus as was found - note matchstick 5 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 �EROSION & REHABILITATION SLIDES (Kenneth A. Armson) Location Description Date Erosion in moorland - Malvern Can ON Can ON Can BC Can ON Can On Can On Can AB Can ON Can ON Can ON Africa USA NC Can ON Can BC Can BC Can BC USA OR No. 1 Wind blowing in tobacco - Norfolk County Wind blowing in tobacco - Norfolk County Steep slope (200 ft valley) - erosion when forest removed, Black Brook Soil erosion from overgrazing? - East Kootenay Depot Harbour, Parry Island, Georgian Bay - shallow soil Eroded soil - Caledon, Ont. Eroded soil - Caledon, Ont. Gully erosion - Red Deer River, Alberta - aerial view Scarborough Bluffs Eroded clay showing bottom of gully - Caledon, Ont. Eroded clay - Caledon, Ont. Erosion pattern - farm/forest - aerial view Gullying - Eucalyptus globula, Kenya Efect of surface erosion on growth trees, Schenk Forest, North Carolina Erosion in silt loam, Burt Township, E M U Gully erosion in fine to medium sand, Hwy 66, Matachewan Erosion cumulation on slope -north of Swastika - E M U Erosion cumulation on slope -north of Swastika - E M U Erosion in clay loam following road building - Sanford-Mutrie, Dryden Erosion in fine sands - Burt Township, E M U Erosion in fine sands - Burt Township, E M U Gauging station - Mont---- Forest Erosion from logging road, Spuzzum, B.C. Erosion from logging road, Spuzzum, B.C. Natural erosion, Fraser R., B.C. Talus slope near Cache Creek Major gully and earth slippage, Oregon 6 June 1958 June 1958 Sept. 2a 2b 3 1958 4 5 6a 6b 7 8 9a 9b 10 11 12 13 14 15a 15b 16 17a 17b 18 19a 19b 20 21 22 May 1968 �USA OR USA OR Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Road slippage, Oregon Erosion after clearcutting Open pit mining, Alberta Replacing top soil, Alberta Reclaimed mine spoil, Alberta McLeod R. after flood damage McLeod R. after flood damage 23 24 25 26 27 28a 28b 7 �Finland - Sweden 1970 Location Forest Type Finland Finland Finland Finland Finland Finland Finland PNsy Finland PNsy/PIa Finland PNsy PNsy PNsy PNsy BEv PIa PIa PIa PIa Description Map of Finland showing locations visited Map of Finland showing locations visited Map of Finland showing locations visited Map of Finland showing extent of Finnish State Forests Distribution of forests & growth in Finland Nursery production - 230 mm Seed and plant - 340,000 ac. PNsy from Nisula - planted July 1967 Vihtijorui (Hiiskulan Farm) - cut over 1966-67 - planted July 1967 Vihtijorui (Hiiskulan Farm) - cut over 1966-67 - planted July 1967 with PNsy from Nisula Roll - PIa natural Haapastensyrja - tree breeding - view of grafts (PNsy) Haapastensyrja - PN sy in Nisula Roll Haapastensyrja - Nisula Roll - PNsy sown March 1969 transplanted 1970 Haapastensyrja - PNsy sown March 1969, transplanted into Nisula beds 1970 Haapastensyrja - BEv - 4yr. seed trees (clones) in plastic house (not winter heated) - planted 1970 Haapastensyrja - plastic house - not used in winter - showing end venting 200 ppm Haapastensyrja - clonal grafts of PIa - note differences Haapastensyrja - PIa sown May 9/70 in peat - will be lifted and stored at -5 C in fall (Sept./70) - temporary plastic house Haapastensyrja - PI a sown May 9/70 in peat - will be lifted and stored at -5 C in fall (Sept./70) - temporary plastic house Haapastensyrja - PIa sown May/70 in plastic house Haapastensyrja - detail of venting of plastic house 8 Date No. 1970 1a 1b 1c 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10a 10b 11 12 13 14 15 16a 16b 17 18 �PIa Finland Finland Po PNsy PNsy PNsy Finland PNsy PNsy PNsy Finland PNsy Finland PIa PNsy PNsy PNsy PNsy PNsy PNsy Haapastensyrja - rooted cuttings of PIa in heated peat Haapastensyrja - view of beds after plastic house removed Haapastensyrja - a production nursery - general view Haapastensyrja - Plastic house where cuttings are rooted Haapastensyrja - 5 yr Po trem x tremula. Niels Kreiberg Vanajan - PNsy seed tree method Mannerlein’s grounds at summer cottage - PNsy Mannerlein’s summer cottage Cut 1969, planted with Nisula roll - PNsy 1+1 -photo after 2 seasons Cut 1969, planted May - Oct. with Nisula roll - PNsy 1+1 Harviala - Rosenlew Oy - 100yr PNsy clear cut Apr./70 scarified & planted 1970 Harviala - Rosenlew Oy - 100yr PNsy clear cut Apr./70 scarified & planted summer 1970 Harviala - Rosenlew Oy - Apr. 1970 cut over - summer Planted after scarification Harviala - Rosenlew Oy - cut Apr. 1970 - planted July 1970 detail of scarification spot & Nisula Harviala - Rosenlew Oy - staff house - awakened by pheasants under the window Between Lahti and Imatra - Rapakivi - Mr. Nisula Between Lahti and Imatra - A Finnish highway - note PNsy stands Tainionkoski (Enso-Gutzeit Oy) - general view of nursery producing 6 mm/yr Tainionkoski (Enso-Gutzeit Oy) - general view Tainionkoski (Enso-Gutzeit Oy) - 1+2 PIa in peat under plastic Tainionkoski (Enso-Gutzeit Oy) - 1+1 PNsy transplanted in peat Tainionkoski (Enso-Gutzeit Oy) - 1+1 PNsy tranplanted into peat Tainionkoski (Enso-Gutzeit Oy) - 1+0 PNsy in peat - plastic house removed Tainionkoski (Enso-Gutzeit Oy) - 1+1 PNsy transplanted into peat Tainionkoski - 1+0 PNsy in paper pot. Mr. Hallikainen, Nursery Supt. Tainionkoski - 1+0 PNsy in paper sections 9 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29a 29b 30 31 32 33 34 35a 35b 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 �PNsy PNsy PNsy Finland Finland PNsy BEv PNsy PIa PIa PIa PIa PIa PIa PNsy Finland PNsy PNsy PNsy PNsy Tainionkoski - 1+1 PNsy in transpalnts lines Tainionkoski - irrigating PNsy - note fine mist Tainionkoski - packing 1+0 PNsy for cold storage (-5 C) Tainionkoski - packed 1+0 in paper pots for cold storage Tainionkoski - hexagonal plastic seed containers Tainionkoski - seed collection using al ladder Tainionkoski - seed collection using al ladder Tainionkoski - picking cones from see tree Tainionkoski - using al ladder for seed collection Tainionkoski - tree bicycle Kayhkaa - 27 km east of Tainionkoski - clear cut 1967-68, planted Sept. with PNsy 1+1+1 Tainionkoski (Enso-Gutzeit - staff house Pieksamaki - Foundation for tree breeding - a 5 yr. nursery - 1+1 BEv54 Pieksamaki - waterhouse and cold storage Pieksamaki - permanent grreenhouse (plastic) 20 m x 100 m Pieksamaki - general view inside permanent greenhouse Pieksamaki - general view inside permanent greenhouse Pieksamaki - 1+0 PNsy ready for fall lifting Pieksamaki - permanent greenhouse Pieksamaki - 1+0 PIa in temporary greenhouse - general view Pieksamaki - 1+0 PIa in temporary greenhouse - close-up view 60b Pieksamaki - 1+0 PIa grown in peat - note high S/R Pieksamaki - 1+2 PIa - transplant lines Pieksamaki - PIa 1+1 & 1+2 - standard shipping stock Pieksamaki - 1+2 PIa shipping stock - note igh S/R Pieksamaki - roller for making holes for paper pot transplants Pieksamaki - Nisula roll - PNsy 1+1 Suonenjoki Forest Research Institute Nursery - Nisula rolls Suonenjoki - Nisual rolls seeded with PNsy Suonenjoki - Nisual rolls seeded with PNsy Suonenjoki - 1+1 PN sy transplanted into Nisula rolls Suonenjoki - 1+1 PNsy transplanted into Nisular rolls - note roots 69b Suonenjoki - Pentti Nisula 10 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50a 50b 51 52 53 55 56 57a 57b 58 59 60a 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68a 68b 69a 70a �Finland PIa PIa PIa PNsy PNsy PIa PIa PNsy PIa Finland Suonenjoki - Pentti Nisula with field Nisula roll carrier Suonenjoki - Nisula roll carried by planter (now obsolete) Suonenjoki - radial irrigation (self-propelled) for Nisula rolls Suonenjoki - steel frame but temporary greenhouses Suonenjoki - permanent plastic greenhouses Imari, Rovaniemi - State Forest Nursery - general view Imari, Rovaniemi - 1+1 PIa in Nisula rolls - note peat discontinuity 76 Imari, Rovaniemi - 1+1 PIa in Nisula rolls Imari, Rovaniemi - 1+1 PIa in Nisular rolls Imari, Rovaniemi - treatment chart in beds Imari, Rovaniemi - conventional 1+1 PNsy transplants Imari, Rovaniemi - 1+0 PNsy in paper pots Imari, Rovaniemi - external frame used to repair rips in plastic house 81 Imari, Rovaniemi - PIa 1+0 in peat beds ready for lifting & winter storage Imari, Rovaniemi - 1 + ½ PIa in Nisula rolls - note purple symptoms of P. def. Imari, Rovaniemi - tow-phase peat preparation Imari, Rovaniemi - inside of Hammer mill peat preparation Imari, Rovaniemi - Nisula roll machine ready for PNsy transplanting 86 Imari, Rovaniemi - Nisula roll machine Imari, Rovaniemi - PIa being transplanted into Nisula roll Imari, Rovaniemi - greenhouse fertilizer schedule Imari, Rovaniemi - display set up inside greenhouse by Miss Tuula Anttila Imari, Rovaniemi - irrigating technique in permanent plastic house Imari, Rovaniemi - experimental plots in greenhouse - watering & fertilizing Imari, Rovaniemi - watering study Imari, Rovaniemi - peat bog drainage Imari, Rovaniemi - peat bod drainage Lannan Sokeri - Sakyla - general view Lannan Sokeri - backhoe used for peat drainage Lannan Sokeri - view of sugar beet plant and Miss Raija Ella & N. Kreiberg 11 70b 71 72 73 74 75 77a 77b 78 79 80 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94a 94b 95 96 97a �Finland PNsy BEv PNsy PNsy Sweden PNsy PNsy PNsy Lannan Sokeri - sugar beet plant Lannan Sokeri - tube planter for paper pots Lannan Sokeri - tube planter for paper pots Lannan Sokeri - tube planter in use Lannan Sokeri - Mikko Bergius showing how planter is used Lannan Sokeri - Power mole & pot carrier Lannan Sokeri - Paper pot carrier Lannan Sokeri - company housing Lannan Sokeri - a sugar factory in the forest Lannan Sokeri - millstones & M. Bergius, R. Ella & N. Kreiberg Lannan Sokeri - millstones of Sakyla Hietikon - private forest nursery- 2+1 PNsy conventional transplants Hietikon - 1+0 BEv in paper pot no slide Hietikon - supports for frames of plastic greenhouses Hietikon - 1+0 PNsy in temporary plastic house Hietikon - PNsy in paper pots Hietikon - clearing more land for plastic greenhouses Lindhov - PNsy - 100 yr. Lindhov - PNsy - 100 yr. Lindhov - spacing and fertility Lindhov - Co Tamm, N. Kreiberg & Bo Nilson Lindhov - Co Tamm & Bo Nilson Lindhov - OSA planting machine development Lindhov - OSA planting machine - principle of operation Lindhov - OSA siren tree planter Lindhov - OSA siren tree planter PNsy from Nisula roll planted July 1967 12 97b 98a 98b 99 100 101 102 103 104 105a 105b 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113a 113b 114 115a 115b 116 117 118a 118b 119 120 �Fire Damage Study - 1968 Location Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Soil Profile Soil # 1 Soil # 1 Soil # 1 Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Soil #2,3,4 #2 #2 #3 #4 #4 #4 #5 #60 Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON #60 #60 #60 #61 #61 #61 #61 #61 #13 #13 Description Date No. Radar dome, Sioux Lookout - June 1967 fire Near Sioux Lookout - burnt 1967 - general view Near Sioux Lookout - burnt 1967 - closer view Near Sioux Lookout - burnt 1967 - close-up Ralph Lake near Sioux Lookout - burnt June 1967 general view Ralph L. near Sioux Lookout - burnt June 1967 general view Ralph Lake - 1967 fire Ralph L. - dump till - stony sand - general view - 1967 fire Ralph L. - note disturbance - ? windthrow Ralph L. - dump till Ralph L. - clay soil - general view Ralph L. - clay soil Ralph L. - close-up of surface Ralph L. - shallow soil/bedrock Unburnt - logged 1948 & 1967 - near Sioux Lookout general view Unburnt - logged 1948 & 1967 - near Sioux Lookout - clay soil Unburnt - logged 1948 & 1967 - soil pit - clay/sand Unburnt - soil pit - near Sioux Lookout Near Sioux Lookout - April 1968 fire - general view Near Sioux Lookout - April 1968 fire - general view Near Sioux Lookout - April 1968 fire - general view Near Sioux Lookout - April 1968 fire - view of soil Near Sioux Lookout - April 1968 fire - view of soil Bruce L. - aerial view of the area Bruce L. - aerial view of the area Bruce L. - general view of esker & unbound moist clays - 1956 fire Bruce L. - general view of esker & unbound moist clays - 1956 fire Aug. 1968 1 2 3 4 1968 5a 1968 5b 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 Aug. 1968 Aug. 1968 Aug. 1968 Aug. 1968 Aug. 1968 Aug. 1968 14 15 16 17 18a 18b 18c 19a 19b 20a 20b 21a 21b �Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON #7 #7 #7 #7 #7 #7 #8 #8 #8 #9 #9,10,11 #9,10,11 #9 #12 #12 #13 #13 #14 #14 #15 #15 #18 #19 #19 #19 #20 #21 #21 Bruce L. esker - general view - 1956 fire Bruce L. - esker - pine regeneration - 12 years old (1956 fire) Bruce L. - esker - pine regeneration - 12 years old (1956 fire) Bruce L. - esker - pine - 12 years old Bruce L. - Esker - view of soil - bouldery sand Bruce L. - close-up of soil profile Bruce L. - mid slope of esker - general view Bruce L. - mid slope of esker - general view Bruce L. - detail of soil - 1956 fire Bruce L. - general view of pine regeneration Bruce L. - PN b regeneration - general view Bruce L. - PN b regeneration - general view Bruce L. - esker - out washed sand, med. fine sand Bruce L. - 100 year old stand PIm, PNb, Po - some cutting Bruce L. - grey wooded, unburnt Bruce L. - 100 year + PIm, Po - logged 1949, fire 1956 Bruce L. - sand/clay - gleyed Bug R. - general view - clay, sand and bedrock - 1961 fire Job L. - unburned and burned - aerial view Job L. - general aerial view especially of unburned Job L. - general view of unburned and burned area - aerial view (1935 fire) Job L. - view of unburned stand - 105 years old - 40% unburned Job L. - unburnt - note moss layer Job L. - view of burnt stand, sand/till - 1935 fire Job L. - view of soil - 1935 fire Wavell L. - general view of edge of reburn - 1932 fire Wavell L. - shallow till/ bed rock - 1932 & 1961 fires Wavell L. - general view - 1932 & 1961 fires Wavell L. - general view - 1932 & 1961 fires Wavell L. - soil - bouldery, sandy till - 1932 & 1961 fires Wavell L. - general view of unburnt 95 year old stand - clay Wavell L. - general view - clay Wavell L. - gleyed clay- 1932 & 1961 fires 14 June 1968 June 1968 22 23a 23b 24 25 26 27a 27b 28 29 30a 30b 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46a 46b 47 48 49 50 �#24,25 #24,25 #24,25 #24,25 #24 #24 #24 #24 #24 #24 #25 #25 #25 #25 #26 #28,29 #28,29 #28,29 #28 #28 #28 #28 #29 #29 #29 #29 #29 Trout L. - general aerial view - note burn pattern Trout L. - aerial view of northeast area near Bear Trap Bay bedrock ridge - Unburned and burned in 1962 fire Trout L. - general aerial view - 1948 & 1962 fire Trout L. - general aerial view - 1948 & 1962 fire - area of pits Trout L. - general aerial view of reburn - 1948 & 1962 fire - exposed rock Trout L. - general view - aerial view of reburn - 1948 & 1962 fire Trout L. - long channel - general ground view - 1948 & 1962 fires Trout L. - general ground view - 1948 & 1962 fires Trout L. - surface of reburn showing Ae at surface - close-up Trout L. - surface of reburn showing Ae at surface - close-up Trout L. - view of soil profile - sand - 1948 & 1962 fires Trout L. - view of soil profile - sand - 1948 & 1962 fires Trout L. - general view. Greg Taylor Trout L. - general view. Greg Taylor Trout L. - view of regeneration Trout L. - soil pit #25 - note bare surface Trout L., long channel - PN b in bedrock ridge. Greg Taylor Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - general aerial view - 1962 fire Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - general aerial view - 1962 fire Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - general aerial view - 1962 fire Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - unburned stand of 155 year old PIm Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - unburned stand of 155 year old PIm Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - ground view of unburned area from burned Area - 1962 fire Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - showing F-H (13 cm) and moss Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - showing F-H (13 cm) and moss Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - general view of area - 1962 fire Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - general view of area - 1962 fire Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - view of ground surface Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - close-up of ground surface Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - soil profile - note windthrow Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - soil profile - note windthrow Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - soil profile - note windthrow 15 51 52 53a 53b 54a 54b 55 56 57a 57b 58a 58b 59a 59b 60 61 62 63a 63b 63c 64a 64b 65 66a 66b 67a 67b 68 69 70a 70b 71a �#29 #29 #32 #32 #32 #33 #33 #33 #33 #33 #33 #33A #34 #34,35 #34 #35 #36 #36 #36 #37 #37 #38 #38 Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - soil profile - note windthrow Trout L., Bear Trap Bay - soil profile - note windthrow Trout L. - general view of bare rock area Obustiga L. - burned and unburned - sand, peat - 1962 fire Obustiga L. - general view - peat Obustiga L. - peat - 1962 fire Obustiga L. - bed rock and peat - general view - 1929 & 1962 fires Obustiga L. - bed rock and peat - general view Obustiga L. - general view looking towards the lake Obustiga L. - general view looking towards the lake Obustiga L. - regeneration in pockets - 1929 & 1962 fires Obustiga L. - pocket of till (washed) - 1929 & 1962 fires Obustiga L. - organic material Tarp L. near Pickle L. - note algae bloom - 1936 fire Tarp L. near Pickle L. - aerial view - 1930 fire Tarp L. near Pickle L. - PN b, PI m - 32 years, 128 % stocking Tarp L. - general view - PN b 92 years - 1930 fire Grace L. - general aerial view - 1962 fire Grace L. - general aerial view. - 1962 fire Grace L. - closer aerial view of burn - 1962 fire Grace L. - closer aerial view of burn - 1962 fire Grace L. - closer aerial view of burn and non-burn areas 1962 fire Grace L. - ground view of interior of 95 year old stand - note dead and line trees - 1962 fire Grace L. - PN b regeneration Grace L. PN b - 1962 fire Grace L. - boulder till - note windthrow - 1962 fire Grace L. - w. l. sand, PIm, PNb 95 yr ground fire - 1962 fire Grace L. - w. l . sand - note windthrow - 1962 fire Grace L. - stand view - PIm, PNb 98 yr, 70 ft.- unburnt Grace L. - till, sandy loam - unburnt Blackstone L. - general aerial view - 1961 fire Blackstone L. - overall view - 1961 fire 16 71b 71c 72 73 74 75 76a 76b 77a 77b 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85a 85b 86a 86b 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97a �#39,40 #39 #39 #39 #40 #40 #41 #41 #41 #41,41a #41,41a #43 #44 #44 #46 #46 #46 Blackstone L. - overall view - 1961 fire Blackstone L. - views of fire boundary - 1961 fire Blackstone L. - views of fire boundary - 1961 fire Blackstone L. - Aerial view of fire boundary - 1961 fire Blackstone L. - Aerial view of fire boundary - 1961 fire Blackstone L. - aerial view of burned and unburned area 1961 fire Blackstone L. - PNb regeneration Blackstone L. - PIm regeneration - note windthrow Blackstone L. - gleyed sand - note windthrow - 1961 fires Blackstone L. - general stand view - PIm, PNb - 92 yr - 78% unburned Blackstone L. - unburned - gleyed soil Perrigo L. - general aerial view of the area - 1942 fire Perrigo L. - general aerial view of the area - 1942 fire Perrigo L. - general aerial view of the area - 1942 fire Perrigo L. - conventional seedbeds Perrigo L. - general view - shallow/bedrock - 1942 fire Perrigo L. - general view - shallow/bedrock - 1942 fire Perrigo L. - PNb 26 yr. - wl. sand - 1942 fire Perrigo L. - PNb 26 yr. - wl. sand - 1942 fire Perrigo L. - wl. sand - 1942 fire Perrigo L. - aerial view showing fire boundary- 1935 & 1942 fires Perrigo L. - aerial view showing fire boundary- 1935 & 1942 fires Perrigo L. - aerial view showing fire boundary- 1935 & 1942 fires Perrigo L. - shallow/bedrock - 1935 & 1942 fires Perrigo L. - Po, PNb - 26 yr - 1935 & 1942 fires Perrigo L. - Po - 26 yr - 1935 & 1942 fires Raggy L. - general ground view - 1961 & 1967 fires Raggy L. - general ground view - 1961 & 1967 fires Raggy L. - surface of burn - 1961 & 1967 fires 17 97b 98a 98b 99a 99b 100 101 102 103 104 105 106a 106b 107 108 108a 108b 109a 109b 110 111a 111b 111c 112 113 114 115a 115b 116 �#46 #47 #47 #47 #47 #48 #48 #48 #48 #48 #48 #48 #48,49 #50 #53 #53 #53 #53 #54 #54 #54 #54 #55 Raggy L. - shallow till/bedrock 1961 & 1967 fire Raggy L. - general view - 1961 & 1967 fires Raggy L. - general view showing more intense burn - 1961 & 1967 fires Raggy L. - 1961 regeneration and 1967 fire Raggy L. - deep sand - 1961 & 1967 fires Raggy L. - general view - kame & moderate burn - 1961 & 1967 fire Raggy L. - general view - kame & moderate burn - 1961 & 1967 fire Raggy L. - general view - intense burn - 1961 & 1967 fires Raggy L. - general view - 1961 & 1967 fires Raggy L. - general view of south and southeast - 1961 & 1967 fires Raggy L. - general view of south and southeast - 1961 & 1967 fires Raggy L. - looking up kame - very intense fire- 1961 & 1967 fires Raggy L. - view from top of kame - 1961 & 1967 fires Raggy L. - view of soil surface of most intense fire Raggy L. - fire boundary between #48 & #49 Raggy L. - general view Raggy L. - view PNb regeneration in 1968 from 1961 fire 2200 trees Raggy L. - general aerial view - 1961 & 1967 fires Weekday Cr. - general view - shallow till/ bedrock - 1936 & 1961 fires Weekday Cr. - view of PNb & PIm regeneration - 1936 & 1961 fires Slate Falls - general aerial view of shallow/bedrock - 1961 fire Slate Falls - close aerial view of stand PNb, 7 yr, 5 ft tall Forest L. - general aerial view showing fire boundary 1946 & 1961 fires Forest L. - ground view showing PN b regeneration - 950 trees Forest L. - medium sand Uchi L. - aerial view - 1942 & 1959 fires Uchi L. - aerial view - 1942 & 1959 fires Uchi L. - view of regeneration of Po, Bw, Wi, PNb, cherry 1942 & 1959 fires 18 117 118 119 120 121 122a 122b 123 124 125a 125b 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 140b 141 �#55 #55 #55 #55 #56 #55 #56 #56 #57 #59 #59 Can ON Can ON Can ON W. Aust. W. Aust. W. Aust. W. Aust. W. Aust. Uchi L. - soil pit and regeneration - 1942 & 1959 fires Uchi L. Uchi L. Uchi L. Uchi L. Uchi L. - till/bedrock - 1942 & 1959 fires Uchi L. - general view of vegetation - 1942 & 1959 fires Uchi L. - regeneration -PIm - wl/bedrock Uchi L. - general view - 1942 fire Uchi L. - regeneration - PN b - 1942 & 1959 fires Uchi L. - sandy loam, till/bedrock - 1942 & 1959 fires Location map Location map Title - “Effects of fire on soils” Location of study areas in relation to burns No slide No slide Example of profile description Example of profile description Graph - ph x years since burn Graph - ph x years since burn Graph - ph x years since burn Graph - depth om x no of burns Graph - depth om x no of burns Graph - depth om x no of burns Otter aircraft, Jake Seiget & Erling - Sioux Lookout Fire northeast of Trout L. , July 1961, Sioux Lookout Kennedy Twp. Cochrane - radiant heat - crowning - 1965 Dwelling after Jan 1961 fire in Western Australia Wildfire crowning in jarrah - eucalyptus marginata Litter in jarrah (e. marginata) Litter in jarrah (e. marginata) - note shaggy bark Jarrah - sequence in recuperation - road to dwellings 19 May 25/56 142 142a 142b 142c 142d 143 144 145 146 147 148 149a 149b 150 151 152 153 154a 154b 155a 155b 155c 156a 156b 156c 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 �W. Aust. W. Aust. W. Aust. W. Aust. W. Aust. #3 #13 Can ON Can ON Can ON Can On Can ON Can ON Road to dwellings - day after fire Jan. 27/61 Road to dwellings - 2 months after fire Mar. 10/61 Road to dwelling - 1 year after fire Jan. 26/62 Spot fire from incendiary about ½ hour after ignition 1968 Smoke pattern from incendiaries - prescribed burn 1967 No slide Burt Twp. - general view - cut 1969/70 - PNb ready to burn Burt. Twp. - J Irwin & T. Seanger taking soil samples from randomly located Al stakes 1 day before burn Burt Twp. - T. Seanger taking samples prior to burn Burt Twp. - Normal slash accumulation before burn Burt Twp. - Heavy slash accumulation before burn Burt Twp. - fire May 20/70 Burt Twp. - fire May 20/70 Burt Twp. - fire May 20/70 - general view Burt Twp. - fire May 20/70 - general view Burt Twp. - general view following fire on slope Burt. Twp. - general view of steep slope following burn Showing some baring of mineral soil Burt Twp. - general view 1 week after burn Burt Twp. - exposure of mineral soil on skidder trail Burt. Twp. - close-up of exposed mineral soil Burt Twp. - medium slash following fire Burt Twp. - Al stake in heavy slash - 1300 F - melted Al stake Doon Twp. - Swastika District - cut over west of Matachewan Swastika, Doon Twp. - aerial view of fire area 1 week after fire June 21/72 Swastika, Doon Twp. - aerial view of fire area 1 week after fire June 21/72 Swastika, Doon Twp. - aerial view of fire area 1 week after fire - low oblique view June 21/72 Swastika, Doon Twp. - aerial view Swastika, Doon Twp. - aerial view - mortality in standing timber EMV - results of analysis EMV - results of analysis 20 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176a 176b 177a 177b 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186a 186b 187 188a 188b 189 190 �Can BC Can BC Can BC USA AZ USA AZ Willow R. Prov. Forest - windthrow after fire - 1961 fire Willow R. Prov. Forest - windthrow after fire - 1961 fire Bowron R. - windthrow after fire Flagstaff - Nov. fire in PNp a day after fire Flagstaff - Nov. fire in PNp Sunset Crater - PNp roots burning in soil Sunset Crater - PNp roots burning in soil Sunset Crater - PNp stump burned out 21 191a 191b 192 193 194 195a 195b 196 �Forest Management Audits 1993 Location Description Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls The Mill - aerial view Twin Falls dam Twin Falls dam Audit team - P. Griss, E. Rawlinson, J. Williams, J. Gozzoli, K. Armson Audit team plus E. Turk Abitibi-Price - audit team ‘at work’ Abitibi-Price - C. Gozzoli & E. Rawlinson Abitibi-Price - E. Rawlinson & K. Armson with map of FMA Camp 34 - J. Williams, E. Rawlinson, C. Gozzoli Camp 34 - J. Williams, C. Gozzoli, E. Rawlinson at chemical storage room Camp 10 area - aerial view - regenerated cut over after 10 years Camp 33 Dump Road - regenerated with PIm in 1978 - at 15 years Kenning Twp. FTG - note irregular growth Rutting damage from too wet soil Buried Feller-buncher Buries Feller-buncher - closer view Camp 10 - aerial view - bladed 1991-92 - note age class Camp 10 - bladed & regeneration areas - note age class distribution Camp 10 - bladed and regeneration 1991-92 Timmins Forest Products - PO cut over, bladed - note natural regeneration Timmins Forest Products general view of PO cut over - note shoreline reserve Aug. 1993 21 Aerial view of PO cut over - river reserve - looking towards L. Abitibi Lareine aerial view - ABb, cut 1990, SIP & planted with PIm 1991, tended 1992 Lareine - aerial view -cut over & regenerated - ABb cut 1990, SIP (blade) 1991, tended (herbicides) 1992 - note slash Grand view of slide # 23 & 24. E. Rawlinson & PIm Abitibi-Price - Lareine - same as slide # 25 Abitibi-Price - Lareine - E. Rawlinson. Cut 1990, planted with PIm 1991, Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Date 22 No. Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Aug. 1997 22 Aug. 20 23 Aug. 20 Aug. 1993 24 25 26 Aug. 1993 Aug. 1993 �Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls Iroquois Falls New Brunswick New Brunswick New Brunswick Herbicides 1992 Abitibi-Price - Lareine - cut 1990, planted 1991, herbicides 1992. J. Williams, R. Gemmell, E. Rawlinson 1993 Abitibi-Price Inc. Close-up of slide # 28 1993 Abitibi-Price Inc. - PNb aerially seeded at 8 years Fraser Inc. freehold - viewing shelterwood for deer Oct. 1995 Fraser Freehold - Joe Bird Oct. 1995 Fraser freehold - auditors Weldwood - 100 Mile House - Peter Johnson of QMI at opening meeting Weldwood - 100 Mile House - QMI audit team Weldwood - 100 Mile House - Herb Box of QMI in field audit with operations manager 23 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 �Genetics and Tree Improvement M. D. Meagher Forest Type Description Quercus robur Pinus Selfing test in Quercus robur Controlled pollination in pinus Pollination bag on Pollination bag removed Colour variation in Douglas fir Douglas fir near Duncan, BC - 60 years old Douglas fir stem near Duncan, BC Poor tree for Christmas tree - too many cones & open form (compare to good one next to it) Gene for multiple cone production - poor for Christmas tree High grafting to avoid weeds Grafting of Larix - low grafts, branch habit persists Red pine grafted in Pinus sylvestris rootstock - note some dying Red pine grafted in Pinus sylvestris rootstock - tree surviving because branch of rootstock remains? Side graft of PIg low on rootstock - stock cut back - branching habit of scion remains Second PIg scion grafted just below tip - stock not cut back NO branch habit Third order scion - grafted just below tip - NO branch habit Collecting scions of Fagus sylvatica, Denmark Hanging variation - grafting - Denmark Larix hybrids - decidua x leptolepis, Denmark. Sown 1955 PNb x PNc - 2 trees from same stand, Alberta PNb x PNc - hybrids from Alberta - close-up Pr inbred - 56 selfings - 1 marker gene PNb - inbreeding - 5 selfings - 4 marker genes 24 Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Pinus sylvestris Pinus sylvestris Q. robur Larix Pine Pine Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica Larix Pine Pine Pine Date No. 1 2 3a 3b 4 5a 5b 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 June 1964 13a 13b 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 �Picea glauca Picea glauca Picea glauca Picea abies PNb PNs PNs PNs PNs Pinus strobus PIs PNs PIg PIm PIg PIg PNre PNre PNre PNre Nursery provenance trial - Picea glauca from BC - showing rep. boundary & 2 reps. of same tall provenance Nursery provenance trial - Picea glauca (+ P. engelmannii) - view of rep. showing tall strain same as slide # 22 Picea abies - 1938 provenance trial, seed sown 1940. Marked tree for controlled x’s. 24 years of age. Denmark PNb provenance trial - view from outside PNs hybrids - maple PNs & blister rust. Seedlings 3-4 years old with Ribes in bed some resistance? PNs & blister rust (a year later) - bed of Pw with 4 seedlings live PNs & blister rust - grafted stock of resistant seedlings Pisgah Forest, NC - Pinus strobus provenance trial - “Quebec” (large) on right vs Iowa (small) Georgia Pacific Nursery, Cottage Grove, Oregon - grafting in Pis Orono - graft on PNs - field grafting after 10 years Red Rock, BC - seed orchard - aerial view PIm seed orchard in Longlac - established 1958. J. McMahon in PIm PIg cone crop - Thunder Bay PIg cone crop - Thunder Bay Mount Lake Twp. 1A, Blind River - 74 year old PNre trees felled to collect cones - spaced St. Williams Nursery, Simcoe. Rolph Laupert and autumn olive (Eleagnus umbellata) SPA Weyerhaeuser, Rochester - broken graft in seed orchard Pacific logging - PSm seed orchard - note spumbler (sp?) to delay flowering and reduce contamination PEI - PNre - natural form PEI - PNre natural forest PEI - the ‘best’ PNre at 65 years 25 21 22 22b 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34a 34b 35 36 37 38 39a 39b 40a �PNre PO PO PO PNsy PIg PIm PIm PNt PNt PNt PNt PNt PNt PIm PIm POb POb POb PIm PIm PIm PNre PIm PEI - the ‘best’ PNre at 65 years Leitrim - x PO aspen - POg x a - established 1971 - at 8 years note form & cankering in foreground vs background Eastern region - x PO at 6 years - note difference in branching habit Eastern region - Sunderland - x PO at 3 years - hybrid trial - DN9 in foreground And DN55 in background No slides Larose - considered best form - yet look at regeneration June 1979 Mattawin Seed Orchard - PIg forest - note frost damage Kingsclear, N.B. - PIm selected seed progeny Kingsclear, N.B. - PIm selected seed progeny Georgia savannah - new seed orchard for second generation Georgia savannah - older seed orchard - note grafting Georgia savannah - Union Camp - controlled pollination Georgia savannah - Union Camp seed orchard - controlled pollination Georgia savannah - PNt - seed orchard Georgia savannah - PNt - seed orchard No slides Sioux Lookout - PIm seed orchard established 1982 Swastika - first production full sib PIm (490 m) ready for 1983 planting - rooted cuttings Chaffey’s Locks - POb - balsam and poplar Chaffey’s Locks - POb - balsam and poplar Chaffey’s Locks - POb - balsam and poplar Bark Lake - Ignace District - progeny testing & seed orchard - established 1982 Ignace District - Ferguson Seed Orchard - PIm - showing irrigation in stock planted 1982 - 0.5 mm gal / day Ignace District - Ferguson Seed Orchard - ground view of PIm and irrigation guns Ignace District - Crystal R. - Lambrechts progeny test - established 1982 Sioux Lookout - McIlwraith Twp. - PNre provenance trial Sioux Lookout - Goody Lake Seed Orchard - PIm planted 1982 26 40b 41 42 43 44-46 47 48 49a 49b 50 51 52a 52b 53a 53b 54-55 56 57 58a 58b 58c 59 60 61 62 63 64 �PNb PIg PIg PIg PIm PNs spruce PIm White pine PIm PIm PIm PIm PIm PIm PIm PIm PIm PIm PNb PNb PO PO PIm PIa Chapleau - grafted PNb from + tree scions for seed orchard Chapleau Seed Orchard Manitoba DNR - shade house, Hadashville Manitoba DNR - seed orchard, Hadashville Manitoba DNR - seed orchard, Hadashville Manitoba DNR - seed orchard, Hadashville no slide Orono - Vegetative Propagation Centre Orono - grafted PIm (black spruce). Bill Baker & Glen McLeod Orono - grafted PNs (white pine) in overwintering house Orono - Spruce clonal trial - note growth difference Orono - clonal spruce trial - note growth differences Orono - selected white pine trial - note difference in form Moonbeam - Phillin Nursery - x PIm cutting facility - aerial view Moonbeam - Phillin Nursery - x PIm cutting facility - aerial view Moonbeam - Phillin Nursery - x PIm - cuttings in house Moonbeam - Phillin Nursery - x PIm - cuttings and parent stock Moonbeam - Rosaire Phillin and John DeWitt - PIm orchard - cuttings and parent stock Moonbeam - Phillin Nursery - sorting x PIm cuttings Moonbeam - general view of x PIm cuttings Moonbeam - general view of x PIm cuttings Moonbeam - PIm - second generation cutting Moonbeam - x PIm - 2 years old. Nick Saltarelli Chapleau - Island Lake Seed Orchard Chapleau - Island Lake Seed Orchard - PNb families Chapleau - Island Lake Seed Orchard - PNb families Allandale - x PO at 16 years - planted 1971 Allandale - x PO at 16 years - planted 1971 Allandale - clonal PIm (black spruce) from Geraldton Allandale - Norway spruce (PIa) 27 1985 1985 Dec. 1986 1986 Oct. 28/87 Oct. 1987 Oct. 1987 Oct. 1987 1987 1987 65 66 67 68a 68b 68c 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76a 76b 77 78 79 80 81a 81b 82 83 84 85a 85b 86a 86b 87 88 �Picea montagena PNs PIg PNs PNs Larch Larch PIg PNre Pinus radiata Allandale - Picea montagena Huronia - Glencairn Seed Orchard - PNs planted 1938 Huronia - Glencairn Seed Orchard - PIg planted 1972 Niagara - Salix Plantation - PNs planted 1981 Niagara - Salix Plantation - PNs planted 1981 Niagara - Salix Plantation - LA leptolepis planted 1977 - note stem form Niagara - Salix plantation - larch (larix) trials Niagara - larch trials - LA decidua from Quebec - note sweep Niagara - Salix Plantation - LA decidua x leptolepis - planted 1977 Niagara - PIg - Orono seed tree planted 1978 Petawawa - PNre - normal and fastigiate form (grafts) Clonal variation in radiata pine (California) 28 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 89 90 91 92 92b 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 �GEOLOGY & LAND FORM SLIDES (Kenneth A. Armson R.P.F.) Location Description USA OR Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Eocene clay loam - pillow lava Mesa - basalt & sed. red rock, Nipigon, Ont. Basalt mesa - Mt. McKay, Ft. William, Ont. Precambrian granite gneiss - French R., Ont. Perched erratic - granite gneiss, Parry Sound, Ont. Precambrian synclines - L.Traverse, Algonquin Park Granite gneiss Conglomerate - Kenogami Conglomerate - Kenogami Conglomerate - Kenogami Little clay belt - Lake Barlow, New Liskeard, Ont. Niagara Escarpment at Milton, Ont. on Hwy. 401 Niagara Escarpment at Milton, Ont. on Hwy. 401 Interlobate moraine - S. Ontario Interlobate moraine - Aurora, Ont. Interlobate moraine - Aurora, Ont Terminal moraine - near Stettler, Alberta Dunes - sandbanks - Prince Edward County Drumlin - S. Ont. Kame - general view Kame - near top Kame - stratified sides Compacted till Esker Glacio-fluvial sands and gravels Shoreline sands Shallow till/crystalline bedrock 29 Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can AB Can ON Can ON Date Feb. 1961 June 1957 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8a 8b 8c 9 10a 10b 11 12a 12b 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 �USA ME Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON USA FL USA FL USA FL USA FL Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can BC Can BC Can AB Can AB gravel and medium sand - discontinuity - Forbes Cr. Northern Maine - Appalachians Livingstone Range - Rocky Mountains Eroded peneplain - Algonquin Park Eroded peneplain - Algonquin Park Silvian rock - Niagara Precambrian shield and weather front - Cobalt - Temagami Claremont Conservation Area Tillite - Elk L. Hwy. - Charlton Drumlin (farm & fall wheat) - Richmond Hill, Ont. Fluvial gravel capped by windblown sand Dunmore - cross bedding in dune Dunmore - cross bedding in dune - close up Bedrock outcrop Sand and piedmont clay - North Florida Sand and clay - North Florida Sand and clay - North Florida Sand and clay - North Florida Don Valley brickworks - Scarborough Esker - Kirkfield Esker - Kirkfield Esker - Kirkfield Esker - Kirkfield Drumlin Fractured bedrock - escarpment at Collingwood - Lockport, Guelph Boulder pavement - Killbear Park, Parry Sound Lac St. Jean area - Kelthe Lake Dump/basal till - Lost Creek, BC Mission Fluvial gravel - Pt. Renfew, B.C. Ram Falls, Alberta Ram Falls, Alberta 30 May 1970 24 25 26 27a 27b 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37a 37b 38a 38b 39 40a 40b 41a 41b 42 43 44 45 46 47 48a 48b �Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can ON The Rockies The Rockies - tilted sediments N. Saskatchewan R. - near Grade Cache The Rockies The Rockies Onaping Falls, north of Sudbury Iroquois Falls FMA - fen bog - general view Iroquois Falls FMA - fen bog - close up Pukaswa National Park - L. Superior coastline Pukaswa National Park - L. Superior coastline Lesser Slave Lake near Slave Lake Slave Lake from Marten Mountain Lookout Rocky Mountains and foothills from the air Rocky Mountains and foothills from the air Humber river and valley - flood plain - at Kortwright Ave. 31 June 1995 June 1995 49a 49b 50 51 52 53 54a 54b 55a 55b 56a 56b 57a 57b 58 �LAND USE SLIDES (Kenneth A. Armson R.P.F.) Location Description Date No. Can ON Can ON Can ON USA NC Can ON Tile drainage - nursery #308 near Leamington, Ontario Wilket Creek Park, Toronto Wilket Creek Park, Toronto Strips of millet for quail in longleaf pine, Sandhills, NC Smelter gases - seen from Hwy 69 Smelter gases - Coniston in Precambrian shield Smelter damage - barren road, Coniston Gold mine at Balmertown, Ontario Iron ore pelletting, Bruce Lake Mine, Red Lake Land clearing - shifting cultivation, Guatemala Shifting cultivation, clearing in Shamba, Kenya Shifting cultivation, clearing in Shamba, Kenya Terraced lands, Machokos, Kenya Terraced lands, Machokos, Kenya Close-up of terraced fields, Machokos, Kenya Field pattern - general view, Kenya no slide Irrigated hay meadow, Vernon, BC Irrigated pasture, Vernon, BC Irrigated pasture, Vernon, BC Hereford range near Drumheller, Alberta Rangeland on Banff Highway west of Calgary Rangeland on Banff Highway west of Calgary Winnipeg subdivision Hwy 401 & Spadina Ave., Toronto - aerial view Hwy 401 & Spadina Ave., Toronto Toronto from TD tower Don Valley Parkway and Hwy 401, Toronto - aerial view Dinosaur footprint, Hadley, Mass. 1969 1 2a 2b 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12a 12b 13 14 Can ON Can ON Guatemala Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Can BC Can BC Can BC Can AB Can AB Can AB Can MB Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON USA MA 32 July 1968 16 17a 17b 18 19a 19b 20 21a 21b 22 23 24 �USA NC Cotton plants with flowers, North Carolina USA Columbia River USA Columbia River USA WA Inland empire, Columbia basin USA WA Wheat, Horse-heaven Hills, Washington USA WA Irrigating pasture, Columbia River basin interior Can AB Strip cropping in wheat, Pincher Creek, Alta Can AB Strip cropping in wheat, Central Alberta - aerial view Can SK Wheat farming, Saskatchewan - aerial view Can AB Grain elevators near Irricana, Alta Can SK Salt lands, Saskatchewan - aerial view Can AB Salt lands (sloughs), Alberta - aerial view Can AB Salt lands, Alberta - aerial view (Roads 1 mile apart) Can ON Farmland north of Toronto, Humber E. in foreground Forest/farmland in Maine/New Brunswick - aerial view. (Covered bridge) Can ON Shield forest, Northwestern Ontario Can ON Shield forest, Northwestern Ontario Can QC Land use patterns, Eastern Townships, Quebec Can QC Land use patterns, Eastern Townships, Quebec Can NB Land use patterns, Buctouche River, New Brunswick Can NB Land use patterns, towards Harcourt, NB Can SK Land use - Waskesiu camping area, Prince Albert National Park, Sask. Can NB Saint John R. below Gagetown, NB - farmland abandoned Can NB Abandoned farm house overlooking the Saint John R., NB Can SK Abandoned early farm house, near Batoche, Sask. USA MA Old stone fence and fields abandoned in 1850's, Harvard Forest USA MA Old stone fence and fields abandoned in 1850's, Harvard Forest Can NL Old stone fence - abandoned, exposure, Newfoundland Can ON Little clay belt north of New Liskeard Britain Reclaimed heath land, New Forest, UK Can On Abandoned farm 20 mi. N W of Cochrane - cleared in 1908 Can NB Farmland near Centreville, NB Can NB Farmland near Centreville, NB Africa Forest in ridges, Aberdare Mt., Kenya 33 Aug. 1968 Sept. 1964 25 26a 26b 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39a 39b 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48a 48b 49 50 51 52 53a 53b 54 �USA TN Landscape, southern Appalachians, Tennessee - Hills - extensive land use & valleys - intensive land use Japan Tokyo University Forest settled since 1940, Yamabe, Hokkaido Can ON Split rail white pine fence, Parry Sound Depot Harbour, Parry Island - abandoned Depot Harbour, Parry Island - abandoned Depot Harbour, Parry Island - abandoned Can ON Marginal farmland - shallow/br, near Minden, Ontario Abandoned farm in drumlinized till Farming in medium-fine sand, Gelert Farming in medium-fine sand; PN’s stump fence, Gelert Can QC Stream gauging - Foret Montmorency Station, QC Continental Road - Harvard Black Rock Forest & West Point cadets on maneuvers Continental Road - Harvard Black Rock Forest & West Point cadets on maneuvers Continental Road - Harvard Black Rock Forest Can ON Huron Indian longhouse, Midland Can ON Huron Indian garden, Midland Africa Banana crop - Ivory Coast Can ON General view from Rattlesnake Pt. (Niagara Escarpment) USA NC Avery Creek watershed, Southwestern Mountains near Asheville, NC Can ON Climatic regions of Southern Ontario Can ON Climatic regions of Northern Ontario Can ON Mean annual EVT for Northern Ontario Can ON Hwy 35 south of Lindsay - what direction? Can ON Hwy 35 south of Lindsay - what direction? USA NC Appalachian hillside - ridge-top road, North Carolina USA NC View of Asheville from east, North Carolina USA PA Western Pennsylvania south of Waynesburg Can ON Rich Hearn Generating Station, Toronto Sweden Southern Sweden - town and farms Finland Finnish archipelago off Turku Finland Farm and forest intermix north of Turku, Finalnd 34 1913 55 56 57 58 59a 59b 60 61 62 63 64 65a 1913 65b 1968 Aug. 1970 Aug. 1970 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75a 75b 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 �Can NS Can NS USA USA USA USA Can QC England England England England England England England England England England Cape Breton farmland Nova Scotia landscape Timestra Area, AlleghanyNational Forest Logging and recreation road, Allegheny National Forest Oil pipeline, Allegheny National Forest Gas & oil pipeline in Timestra Scenic Reserve Making charcoal, St. Raymund, Quebec Aerial view Surrey, England Map of New Forest Map of New Forest Map of campsites - New Forest Regulations for campers - New Forest New Forest by-laws Forest Commission Information Trailer at Lyndhurst campsite, New Forest The forest at New Forest Forest with Lyndhurst in distance, New Forest Pony, New Forest 97 England England England England England England England England Can ON Pine plantations, New Forest Beech hardwood enclosure, New Forest Beech hardwood enclosure, New Forest Oak plantations, New Forest Caravans, New Forest Caravans, New Forest Podzol profile, New Forest Podzol profile, New Forest Welland Canal 83 84 85 86 87a 87b 88 89 90a 90b 91 92 93 94 95 96 98 99a 99b 100 101a 101b 102a 102b 103 104 Can On Can On Can On France France France Sherman iron ore mine, Temagami Tailing ponds, Sherman mine, Temagami Pine plantations near Cambridge area Small rural holder, Les Lades, France Small holder, Les Lades, France French countryside between Perigueux and Bordeaux 35 105 106 107 108 109 110 �France France France USA OR USA NY Can AB Can ON Can ON Can On Can ON Can NB Can NB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Heath land of Limousin & central Massil, Razes Reforestation of heath land - soil profile, Razes Old field and heath land, stone fence, Razes Forestry & grazing, Williamette Valley, Oregon Compaction and erosion around a campsite, Adirondacks Elk Island National Park, Alberta - parking for campers Aerial view - railroad, hydro, forest, Atikokan Steep Rock Iron Mine, Atikokan Steep Rock Iron Mine, Atikokan Steep Rock Iron Mine, Atikokan St. John River valley at Florenceville, NB St. John River valley at Florenceville, NB Farming - Lesser Slave Lake Pumper and tank in forest at Swan Hills, Lesser Slave Lake Hydro reservoir, Lake Abraham, The Rockies Barge on Athabasca R. at Ft. McMurray 5 million tonnes of sulphur aquitaine near Rocky Mountain House 5 million tonnes of sulphur aquitaine near Rocky Mountain House 5 million tonnes of sulphur aquitaine near Rocky Mountain House Oil rig in the forest, Alberta Oil rig in the forest, Alberta Cattle downstream from L. Abraham Can AB Coal mine, Cardinal, Alberta 127 Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Rocky Mountain sheep, Cardinal Rocky Mountain sheep, Cardinal Rocky Mountain sheep, Cardinal Rocky Mountain sheep in mine spoil, Cardinal, Alberta Rocky Mountain sheep in mine spoil, Cardinal, Alberta Rocky Mountain sheep in mine spoil, Cardinal, Alberta Lake Louise and forests Lake Louise Sunshine Valley, Banff 128a 128b 128c 129a 129b 129c 130a 130b 131 36 1975 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118a 118b 118c 119a 119b 120 121 122 123 124a 124b 124c 125a 125b 126 �Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can AB Can BC Can BC USA GA Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can On Can ON Can ON Can BC Can ON Can ON Can ON Can NB Can ON Can ON Can ON Can ON Can AB Can Can ON Can ON Can ON St. Regis Alberta Bighorn Trail St. Regis Alberta Bighorn Trail St. Regis Sculpture Trail St. Regis Sculpture Trail Mountain stream, St. Regis Mountain stream, St. Regis Mountain stream, St. Regis Nitmat Lake Nitmat Lake, Pt Albernia Clearcut for Pine planting and agricultural land in 1769 & 1773 Ontario Paper Co., Morin Village, Garibaldi Township Ontario Paper Co., Morin Village, Garibaldi Township Shebandowan CMV, Lake Shebandowan Hemlo gold field Hemlo gold field Hemlo gold field Hemlo gold field Hemlo gold field, Noranda Mine Juan de Fuca Strait on road to Pt Renfrew, Sombrio River Georgian Bay Islands south of Parry Sound Georgian Bay Islands south of Parry Sound Elmvale Larry’s Gulch and Restigouche River Humber Valley - Kortright Centre Kapuskasing - town dump - aerial view Kapuskasing - town dump - aerial view Aerial view of town and mill, Dryden Prairie north of Drumheller no slides Landsat - Woodland Cariboo Park - note fire areas ‘61, 74, 80 Landsat - NW Red Lake - fire ‘61,74,80 & 86 and also cutovers Landsat - Missinaibi L., Ontario Landsat - L. Abitibi, Iroquois Falls, NE Ontario Landsat - large scale of forest 37 1984 July 1986 1987 1987 May 1988 Oct. 1989 132a 132b 133 134 135a 135b 135c 136a 136b 137 138a 138b 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146a 146b 147 148 149 151a 151b 152 153 154 -158 159 160 161 162 163a �USA ME Can BC Can BC Can On Can ON Landsat - large scale of forest Harris Dam on Kennebec River and S. D. Warren timberlands - note cutover opening South of Chilliwack near US border - general view South of Chilliwack - farms & forests Near Napanee - juniper taking over old field Near Napanee - juniper taking over old field 38 163b 164 Apr. 1995 165a 165b 166a 166b �North Carolina Trip 1969 Forest Type Description Date P. palustris/P.taeda P. palustris K. A. Armson, Forestry J. L. Farrar at Buffalo, N.Y. border J. L. Farrar & Dick Mannisto at Buffalo, N. Y. Students at Carl Schenck Forest looking at loblolly pine Students at Carl Schenck Forest looking at loblolly pine Schenck Forest, Raleigh, N.C. P. taeda with heavy undergrowth at C. Schenck Forest P. taeda with heavy undergrowth at C. Schenck Forest Fusiform rust gall in loblolly, C. Schenck Forest Fusiform rust gall in loblolly, C. Schenck Forest Students in loblolly seed orchard - C. Schenck Forest P. taeds seed orchard in C. Schenck Forest Grafted P. taeda seed orchard tree Cecil loam - eroded phase Cecil loam - eroded phase Cecil loam - eroded phase Sandhills Forest - P. palustris with hardwood understorey Sandhills Forest - longleaf Sandhills Forest - longleaf pine seedlings Sandhills Forest - students in P. palustris - burned Dec. 1969 Sandhills Forest - Longleaf pine burned Dec. 1969 burned in 3 year cycle Sandhills Forest - Longleaf pine - burned Dec. 1969 Sandhills Forest - note ice & snow breakage Sandhills Forest - paleoudult plinthite paleogley Sandhills Forest - ice storm damage to longleaf and lolblolly Sandhills Forest - sleet & ice damage to longleaf pine P. palustris/P.taeda Aberdeen, N.C. - ice storm damage to longleaf and loblolly pine P. taeda P. taeda P. taeda P. taeda P. taeda P. taeda P. taeda P. taeda P. taeda Pl taeda P. palustris P. palustris P. palustris P. palustris P. palustris P. palustris P. palustris 39 Feb. 18/69 Feb. 18/69 Feb. 1969 Feb. 1969 Feb. 1969 No. 1 2 3a 3b 4 5a 5b 6a 6b 7 8 9 10a 10b 10c 11 12 13 14 15 16a 16b 17 18 19 20 �P. palustris/P.taeda P. taeda P. taeda P. taeda P. taeda P. palustris P. taeda P. serotina P. serotina Aberdeen, N.C. - ice storm damage to longleaf and loblolly pine Greenboro, N.C. - general view of Clarridge Nursery Clarridge Nursery - front sign. Clarridge Nursery - 1+0 loblolly beds being lifted Clarridge Nursery - 1+0 lolblolly beds - note purpling and pine straw Clarridge Nursery - 1+0 loblolly pine - note “fall” purpling Clarridge Nursery - seedbed lifter Clarridge Nursery - longleaf pine straw baled for use in Clarridge Nursery. Bob Mitton Clarridge Nursery - weighing, “mud packing” and baling inside shed Clarridge Nursery - weighing, “mud packing” and baling inside shed Trenton, N. C. - Spanish moss Trenton, N. C. -Bald cypress & Spanish moss Trenton, N. C. - bald cyress & Spansih moss Trenton, N. C. - Hofmann Forest - loblolly pine on poorly drained land Hofmann Forest - pond pine Hofmann Forest - pond pine on a pocosin Hofmann Forest - pocosin Hofmann Forest - R. J. Day on pocosin Hofmann Forest - R. J. Day on pocosin Hofmann Forest - Albemarle Paper Co. - pettibone slasher Hofmann Forest - Albemarle Paper Co. - hydraulic shears Hofmann Forest - Albemarle Paper Co. - pettibone slasher Hofmann Forest - Albemarle Paper Co. - Beloit skidder (with choker) hauling tree lengths to pettibone slasher Hofmann Forest - Albemarle Paper Co. - hauling 5 ft. pulpwood from poor Pond Pine stand Hofmann Forest - Albemarle Paper Co. - cut over after Marden chopper Ready for baling Hofmann Forest - bedding with Rome disks no slide Hofmann Forest - bedding with Rome disks Hofmann Forest - close-up of bedding with Rome disks Hofmann Forest - general view of bedded areas 40 Feb. 1969 Feb. 9/69 21 22 23 24 25a 25b 26 27 28a 28b 29 30 31 32 Feb. 1969 33 34 35 36a 36b 37 38 39 Feb. 1969 40 Feb. 1969 41 42 43 44 45 46 47a �P. taeda P. taeda P. taeda P. palustris P. palustris P. palustris P. palustris Hofmann Forest - burned and bedded areas Hofmann Forest - close-up ob burned and bedded areas Hofmann Forest - 1+0 P. taeda 3 yeqrs after planting in edded land Hofmann Forest - 1+0 loblolly e years after planting Hofmann Forest - loblolly 3 years after planting on bedded land Croatan National Forest - cut over, chopped & planted with longleaf Croatan National Forest - longleaf pine planted Croatan National Forest - longleaf plus tree Croatan National Forest - longleaf burned Jan. 1969 Croatan National Forest - bamboo thicket, oak in foreground Croatan National Forest - bamboo & R. J. Day Croatan National Forest - bamboo close-up Croatan National Forest - Dibble tree planter - built 1967-68 Croatan National Forest - Dibble tree planter Croatan National Forest - Dibble tree planter - close-up Outer Banks, N. C. - dune stabilization with beachgrass 41 Feb. 1969 Feb. 1969 47b 48 49a 49b 49c 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 �Norway, 1976 Location Forest Type Oslo BE PNsy PNsy/BE PIa PIa PIa PIa BEa/PIa PIa/BEa PIa PIa/BEa PNsy PNsy PNsy PNsy PNsy Description Date Sogsvaen Park - note dead BE Sogsvaen Park - logs & stump Sogsvaen Park - logs Sogsvaen Park - dying BE from overuse Sogsvaen Park - note clear cuts across lake Sogsvaen Park - PNsy on peat - seed tree in original soil Sogsvaen Park - PNsy seed tree on peat with BE regeneration 7 Sogsvaen Park - planted PIa Sogsvaen Park - planted PIa - note age class groups Sogsvaen Park - note species distribution Sogsvaen Park - planted PIa in spring and competition removal 11 Sogsvaen Park - planted age class Sogsvaen Park - clear cutting Sogsvaen Park - oldest age class & clear cutting Sogsvaen Park - oldest age class & clear cutting Sogsvaen Park - rocks for people Sogsvaen Park - a forest outing for children Sogsvaen Park - Nurse BE a & PIa planted Sogsvaen Park Sogsvaen Park - clearing in PIa Sogsvaen Park - Pia planted in Bea Sogsvaen Park - people Sogsvaen Park - people IUFRO tour - PNSY 99 yr., vol. 133 cubic metres/ha - fertilized 1945, thinned 1956 & every 6 years since, age now 130 yr. IUFRO tour - PNsy fertilized 1945 and every 6 years since, age now 130 yr. IUFRO Tour - cross-section of PNsy now 130 years old IUFRO tour - upper bole IUFRO tour - PNsy fertilized at 99 years, now 130 years 26 42 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22a 22b 23 24 25a 25b �PNsy PNsy PNsy PNsy PNsy PNsy PNsy Norway PNsy PNsy PIa PIa PIa PIa PIa PIa PIa PIa PIa PIa PIa PIa PNc/PIm PNc/PIm Northern Norway IUFRO tour - crowns of 130 yr trees IUFRO tour - 34 year old PNsy - 2 metre spacing. Geo. Stoebler IUFRO - Solena - 1.6 m spacing IUFRO - Solena - 2.5 m spacing IUFRO - Solena - PNSY control IUFRO - Solena - PNsy control IUFRO - Solena - precommercial, thinned at 13 years, now 34 years old IUFRO - Adal - PNsy fertilized at 45 years, inc. 2-3.5 cubic metres/ha/yr - now 51 years old IUFRO - Adal - PNSY fertilized at 45 years, now 51 years IUFRO - Vardal - 19 year old Pia, thinned at 14 years IUFRO - 19 year old Pia, thinned at 14 years IUFRO - Vardal - 19 year old Pia, thinned at 14 years IUFRO - Veldre - 80 - 100 year old PIa - note crown shape IUFRO - Veldre - 80 - 100 year old PIa - note crown shape IUFRO - Veldre - 80 - 100 year old PIa - note crown shape IUFRO - Veldre - fertilization of old stands IUFRO - Veldre - hard fertilized - NH4NO3 - at $38.50/ac IUFRO - Veldre - hard fertilized @ $38.50/ac IUFRO - Veldre - hard fertilized @ $38.50/ac IUFRO - clear cut IUFRO - windthrow in 1971 and salvage clear cut IUFRO - general forest view with cutting in the windthrow IUFRO - 41 year old PIa IUFRO - 41 year old PIa IUFRO - general view of logged area IUFRO - PNc and PIm planted on organic soils IUFRO - PNc and PIm planted on organic soils IUFRO - Podsol at Sandmoen IUFRO - clear cut or 300 ha - private farm forest IUFRO - cut over 43 27 28 29 30 31a 31b 32 33 34 35 36 37 38a 38b 38c 39 40a 40b 40c 41 42 43 44a 44b 45 46a 46b 47 48a 48b �SITE PREPARATION EQUIPMENT Equipment No. Effects 1U, 2Z, 3F, 3I, 3j, 3K, 3L, 5R, 5X 5J, 5K, 5W, 5Y No. Bracke Flange & Flange & Shark-fin barrels 4V, 7K, 7L, 7M, 8G, 8R, 8S, 8U, 8V, 8X Flange barrels Flange seed barrels - Geraldton Flange barrel scarification furrow 1Ka IKb 5B, 5C, 5L, 7N 7O 7P, 7Q, 7W, 7X, 7Y Marttiini Plough 1Q, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3H, 6M, 6N, 6O Miscellaneous 1 shark-fin barrel shark-fin Marttiini in clay 1Z 3N, 3O, 3P, 3Q, erosion fill in 3R 3S, 3T, 3U, 6P, 6Q Description 1G 1I 1R, 1S, 1T, 1V 2K 2L 2M 2Q 2R Shear blade corridor Ignace - 15 years after burn & dried seeding Burned & seeded - PNb after 15 years Burned & seeded PNb after 15 years 44 �Clark 880 Ripper - D8H - cat power unit 2U 3D, 3E, 3G, 3M, 3Z, 4S, 5M 7G 7H, 7R, 7S, 7Z, 8B, 8C, 8E, 8F, 9X 10L 10M, 10N, 10S, I10, I11, I13, no number Blowdown 1J Proposed for Young’s Teeth Miscellaneous 2 Marttiini - foreground & shear blade - background Bulldozer & straight blade 1N 1O, 2A, 2D, 2E, 4Z 5A, 5N, 6F, 6I, 6J 6S, 6T, 6Z, 8P, 9B 9C 9U, 9Z, 19B, 10F, 10X Ripper testing Young’s teeth corridor Miscellaneous 3 shark-fin barrels shark-fin barrels & spiked and/or chains shark-fin or flange barrels shark-fin on 35% slope shark-fin 1A 1B 1E 2F 2W 2X 4A, 4B, 4E, 4F, 4L, 4N, 4O, 4P, 45 �shark-fin flange barrels shark-fin & flange barrels 4Q 4R 4T,4W, 5S, 5Q 7I 7J 8D 8H, 8I, 8J, 8K, 8N, 8O, 8Y, 9M, 9P Ploughs V-Blade corridor V plow - Cochrane Shear blade Shear blade Effects 1W 1X 11B 1La 1Y, 2B, 3Y, 5Z 6A 6B, 6C, 6D Rippers ripper furrow 10K 11E, I14, I15, I17 9V, 9W, I19 No number Shark-fin barrels 4C, 4D, 4I, 4J, 4K, 8L, 8M, 8W P.B. & barrels 1F 1H 1P, 2G, 2H, 2I, 2J shark-fin in shallow sort 46 shark-fin in shallow & rocky site 2O 2P, 2S, 2T, 2V, 2Y, 4G, 4H, 4U, 5D, 5E 5O, 5P, 5T, 5U, 5V, 2N �7T, 7U, 8T, 9N, 9Q, 9R, 9S Straight blade convector 6G, 6H 6E, 6K, 6L 6V, 6X 7D 7F 9H, 9Y, 10A, 10C, 10E, 10G, 10 h, 10I, I5 I7 no number 6W, 6Y, 7A, 7B 7C, 7E, 9E, 9F, 9G, 9I, 9J, 9K, 9L, 9T, 10C, 10D, 10O, 10P, 10Q, 10R, 10S, 10T, 10U, 10V, 10W, TTS TTS furrow TTS mixed furrow Mixed furrow Canadian detachable TTS teeth regular TTS teeth 11C 11F 11G I2, I2, I4, I31, I32, I38 No number No number Young’s teeth 4X, 4Y, 9D 5F, 5G, 8Q, 8Z, 9A 47 �Tree Slides No. Description Date Plot # Box 1 2 Plot on ? In cut spruce with pine type, typical cover. White pine in right corner July 14/94 28 2 East ? ? - Mc Niece Pond. Black spruce & jack pine up to Pw on top. July 23/54 6 ft. 6 in. stock in soil pit in ?, North end McNiece Pond, washed boulders with white spruce ? forest type - ?. July 23/54 80 Cedar Po - black spruce. Cover of black spruce cedar type. East S Norway Pt. July 19/94 32 10 General stand ? of 70 year jack pine - black spruce on white pine - black spruce type July 23/54 51 10 Black spruce slope - Long Lake. Good! 12 Cedar, spruce - Long Lake. Good scarp, poor colour 13 White cedar, white pine, white spruce and balsam fir - white cedar type. East side Norway Pt. July 19/94 41 Ground cover and young growth. 35 year cover on white pine - black spruce type East Bay ? July 19/51 37 3-4 4 5 7 16 17 48 �17 Ground cover understory 90 years on white pine - black spruce type. Note jack pine needles and moss July 17/54 38 July 28/54 61 18 18 Birch 19 Birch 20 21 ? contrasting in ? Pw - black spruce F. r. West side Norway Pt. Box 2 3 Crataegus monogyna stricta - tree form - 15 ft. 4 Prunus - Kwanzan cherry - tree form - 12 ft. 7 Carnus - red grafted on white - flowering 8 Quercus palustris - foliage - chlorotic 12 Halesia monticola - tree form (in flower) 13 Halesia - flowers & leaves 15 Crabapples 34 Prunus virginiana - tree in flower 49 �no number Fagus sylvatica atropunicea? - foliage colour - June 3 10 Ontario forest on Trans Canada highway north of Sault Ste. Marie Quercus palustris - tree form & autumn colour 12 Aesculus hippocastarium - flower head - general 15 Tilia americana - stump sprouts - red 27 Cercidiphyllum japonicum - foliage 31 Cercidiphyllum japonicum - tree form - 35 ft. tall Genetics - self-fertility testing - Horsholm, Denmark - Fagus sylvatica Prunus sargentii Box 3 - M. Mezgher, U of T Left side 2 Forest Geog. - vegetation established near limits - invasion of disturbed ground Pinus flexilison lava, Idaho 2 Forest Regions - N. A. - Inter-mountain dry basin, Wyoming - temporary stream bed 6 Forest geog. - exposed coastal - cool & summer dry - Picea sitchensis 8 Forest Regions - N. A. - Montane - most sub-region - Thuja plicata, pin. montic., Pseudo menz, Tsuga hetero - Cascade Mountains, BC 11 Forest regeneration - N. A. - Montane - Lx occid., Pseudots. menz., Pin. pond. in mixed stand, Okanagan Valley, BC 50 Dec. 1963 �12 Umbellaria californica - foliage 13 Larix occidentalis, Pinus ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii - young. Montane forest - dry sub-region, East Kootenay, BC 15 Forest regions - montane - young Douglas fir, Pin. monticola, Pin. ponderosa Oregon 16 Forest regions - montane - Pseudo. menz., Pin. lambertiana, Southern Oregon 17 Forest regions - N. A. - montane - moist sub-region - Lx. occident. & Picea engelm. on far bank, Pinus ponderosa on near 18 Forest regions - N. A. - montane - Picea engelmannii, Ab. lasicarpa, Pinus contorta, Yellowstone Park 19 Forest regions - N. A. - montane - young pinus contorta & flowers - Yellowstone Park 20 Forest regions - N. A. - coastal BC 22 Picea sitchensis - tree form - mature - 180 ft. 22 Sequoia sempervirens vs - Sequoiadendron giganteum (R) - tree form 24 Forest regions - N. A. - plains - showing lack of trees near stream bank - South Dakota 25 Forest regions - N. A. - west coast - souther half. Vancouver Is. - Pseudo. menz., Tsuga hetero. - Cowichan Lake 29 Forest regions - N. A. - west coast - mature Douglas fir, hemlock, Abies grandis 51 �30 31 34 Pseudotsuga menziesii virdis - bark mature. Lk. Cowichan, Vancouver Is., BC Forest regions - N. A. - montane - wet sub-region - Tsuga hetera, Abies grandis, Thuja plicata, Pinus monticola, Pseud. menz. - Nelson BC Forest regions - N. A. - montane - wet sub-region - Picea engelm., Abies grandis, Pop. tricho, Pseudo. menz., (Pinus pond.) - Salmo, BC 36 Forest regions - N. A. - montane - Lx. occid., Pseudo. menz., Tsuga hetero., Picea engelm., Abies grandis - W. Kootenay Valley, BC B4 Forest regions - N. A. - west - sub-alpine forest F53 Forest regions - N. A. - west - montane - Rocky Mountain trench - Invermere Valley H77 Western red cedar no number Forest regions - N. A. - coastal - wet - logging after blowdown Right Side 2 Forest geog. - “Pumice deserts” & cones - red cone in centre - Pin. contorta & Tsuga mertensiana 3 Picea engelmannii & Abies lasiocarpa - summit of Selkirk Range, BC 7 Forest regions - N. A. - montane - dry portion - cultivated valley (Pop. trichocarpa natural) & dry mountain slopes 7 Forest regions - N. A. - Inter-mountain dry basin, Wyoming - lack of trees along stream 8 Forest regions - N. A. - Inter-mountain dry basin, Wyoming - absence of trees along stream 8 Forest regions - N. A. - boreal - in Saskatchewan - north of Prince Albert 52 �9 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana - young tree in stand - Oregon coastal highway 11 Genetics - varieties - Pseudotsuga menziesii - slow-growing, short-leaved coastal variety 12 Forest regions - N. A. - boreal - aerial view - Saskatchewan - north of Prince Albert 12 Forest regions - N. A. - Rocky Mountains - sub-alpine forest - Pc. engelmannii & Abies lasiocarpa near Cranbrook, BC 18 forest regions - N. A. - montane - Pinus ponderosa, contorta, Populus trichocarpa (Too low for western larch and Douglas fir) - Kettle River, BC 29 Abies procera - tree form - mature, showing cones 33 Pinus monticola - tree form - young - w Pinus contorta, Pseudo. menz., Picea engelm., Betula papy, Pop. trem., Salmo, BC 35 Forest regions - N. A. - montane - forest zones from valley to mountain top, - Wyoming, - grassland, aspen, pine - fir, spruce - larch, spruce - balsam, barren 37 Forest geog. - lava flow - eastern Idaho B13 Crater Mt. - abandoned - preemption range F58 Cranbrook Valley H75 Hemlock - Jordan R. H81 Sitka spruce - Jordan R. 53 �H93 Near L. Cowichan H95 Near Mesatchie L. 95 Dwarf mistletoe - Queras garryana, Oregon No number Picea sitchensis - golden variety No number Genetics - colour variation in Douglas fir - Pseudotsuga menziesii. Coastal zone, Vancouver Is., Alberni Highway near McMillan Park No number Genetics - stunted form of Pinus sylvestris in central Sweden 1955 Box 4 Left side 1 Norway Pt. - red pine stand cut spruce, white pine July 19/54 28 4 Decollert? jack pine - mature - birch & spruce, understory of spruce & fir July 14/54 29 6 Red pine stand on white spruce - white pine type - note ? pine - brush cover July 19/54 33 Black spruce - sphergnum type July 16/54 35 White pine & black spruce - reproduction index - 70 year old cover type - on White pine white spruce type - McNiece Pond 54 July 23/54 52 1 8 10 11 13 �16 20 70 year poplar black spruce cover on black spruce cedar fir type - over ? pine - area #5, Mgt. #56 90 year red pine cover on white pine black spruce type - outcrop in Mosane Centre - white spruce white pine ? industry in stable Pw - black spruce (bordering cedar clay) - west side Norway Pt. Right side 5 Fringe - Irving Island at Nawakou Falls 6 Uncut white pine - North side of Nawakou R. 7 White pine along hill tops - black spruce & jack pine lower July 23/54 11 Ground cover - 70 year old jack pine, white & black spruce on white pine white spruce type - McNiece Pond July 23/54 19 15 - 17, 20 20 - 22 22 Box 5 - Martin Fung Box 6 - Bark trees - M. Meagher Left side 6 Carya (pecan illinoensis) orchards 8 Quercus cacinea? velutina? - bark - 12 in., 60 ft. 14 Betula nigra - bark - young mature 55 July 24/54 July 17/54 July 28/54 40 61 52 �15 Pinus elliottii - bark - 17 in. 16 Platanus occidentalis - bark - young 16 17 Oxydentrum arboreum - tree - 12 in.dbh. 35 ft. Betula nigra - tree group 18 Carya tomentosa - tree form 27 Liriodendron tulipifera - crowns show fruit heads 31 Liquidambar styraciflua - view up tree showing fruit heads - Georgia 31 Taxodium distichum - crown - winter 32 Cercis canadensis & magnolia grandiflorum 32 Taxodium distichum - bole 34 Magnolia grandiflorum - foliage 34 Taxodium distichum - crown - winter 36 Liquidambar - bark - mature 37 Liquidambar - crowns - mature 38 Pinus echinata - bark - young mature Right side 2 Fx amer. - bark, showing variation - Backus woodlot, St. Williams - 1/100 5.6 56 �4 Betula nigra - bark 14-16 in. 4 q. prinus - bark mature 5 7 Ulmus glata - bark Liriodentron tulipifera - bark - 15in. - trees - 64 years 7 Carya pecan - tree 8 Carya pecan - limbs 13 Castanea dentata - chestnut blight damage 16 Oxydendrum arboreum - bark mature 17 Oxydendrum arboreum - view up tree 19 Carya tomentosa - bark mature 22 Oxydendrum arboreum - bark mature & poison ivy 22 37 Pinus pungens - mature trees in forest - Appalachians in Virginia Quercus coccinea - tree form - like Q. rubra, but persis branches along bole Box 7 - 1979 cutting 2 3 4-5 months 4 57 �5 PIm cuttings at 14 months - RAI 55cm2 7 PIm at 14 months - RAI 78cm2 14 PNb at 7 months 5/10/76 15 PIm at 6 months 5/10/76 18 Cutting setup 18 Orono, Feb. 1979 - plastic house for PIm vegetable propagation 19 Orono, Dec. 7/79 - Martin Fung - approximately 20 days after germination 19 PNb at 7 months 20 Orono, Feb. 7/79 - Martin Fung & PIm 14 days after germination 20 Dr. Zsuffa’s PNb - 3 ½ years old 21 Orono, Feb/79 - 1 year x PO aspen from seed 21 PIm cuttings at 14 months - RAI 78cm2 5/10/76 22 22 Orono, Feb. 7/79 - 1 yr x PO aspen & Bill Benting 23 Orono, Feb. 7/79 - Bill Benting & 1 yr x PO aspen 58 �Box 8 2 Shorelines of rP Class I (age) and rP Class II (immature) 2 Pine stand around north Angus Lake Cabin 3 Fringe: Hilly Island Lac La Croix 4 9 Canadian Pt. - rP regeneration at position of log-dump; Untouched stand - north side Namakou R. 13 Fringe: Irving Island - partly burned 23 Line #40 - s. slope into low-lying Po 24 Line #40 - NE slope: Po, wB, mtn Maple 27 White pine forest in low-lying area - Basswood Island Box 9 2 Carya tomentosa - tree form - dbh 18 in. ht. 75 ft. 6 Koelryteria paniculata - flowers - close 13 Nyssa sylvatica - bark mature 20 Landscaping - prunus variation - street in Vancouver 22 Pj - Pl hybrids from Alberta - intermediate hybrid 23 Pinus banksiana - tree form - young July 18/54 59 �24 Fagus sylvatica atropunicea - Victoria, BC 25 Sugar maple - Owen Sound 25 Salix circulifolia? tortuosa? 26 Sugar maple - Owen Sound 27 32 Sugar maple - dead - Owen Sound Acer negundo? - Owen Sound 32 Red cherry - landscaping -Sault Ste Marie 33 Ullmus parvifolia - bark - 8 in. dbh 34 Zelkova serrata? - bark - dbh 16 in. 35 Fagus grandifolia - chlorotic in early August 35 Zelkova serrata? - tree form - 50ft tall - Rochester 36 Red oak - chlorotic 37 Red oak - chlorotic - leaves no number Pollen - heavy crop in Cedar Lake, Brent, Algonquin Park Box 10 Left Side 1Lb Shear blade - Hearst 1M Spring 60 May 1964 �6R Mid summer 6U Mid summer 31 Thunder Bay - C & H plough 32 Thunder Bay - C & H plow 33 Thunder Bay - C & H plow 34 Thunder Bay - C & H plow Right Side 1C - Before and After shots - incomplete Niblock - before 4 1D Wold River Road - before 4 7V Wolf River Road - after 1 8A Wolf River Road - after 9 Box 11 - Temagami stand structure Left Side 13 - 22 No number Temagami stand structure 4 slides Right Side no number 10 - 12 5 slides Temagami stand structure 13 Tem Isl 2 61 �18 Tem Isl - PNs wind throw 2 20 Tem Isl - PNs 150 - 260 years 2 22 Tem Isl - Note PNs chicot? - alive after fire 2 26 Tem Isl Box 12 - Southern Trees Left Side 2 Betula lenta - bark - 10 in dbh 3 Betula nigra - trees - nr. rvr. - and Platanus occi. 3 Q. prinus (Montana) - tree form - mature 9 Halesia carolina - bark - 2-3 in. 10 Pinus rigida near Brockville, Ontario 11 Magnolia fraseri - clump from coppice 11 Liquidambar styraciflua - crown of young 12 Castanea dentata - sprouts showing blight damage 12 Pinus rigida near Brockville, Ontario 14 Tsuga caroliniana - small tree 15 Tsuga carliniana - foliage 62 �15 Nyssa sylvatica - bole and Quercus prinus 18 Tsuga canadensis - mature tree, North Carolina 20 Pinus pungens - tree form - young 21 Platanus occidentalis - tree form - mature + hemlock & Aesculus glabra 21 Pinus pungens - foliage and cones 26 Celtis occidentalis - view up tree (dbh 24 in.) - Georgia 31 Aesculus glabra - tree - mature 33 Cornus florida - bark 7 in. dbh Right Side 1 Liquidambar styraciflua - young trees - 8 ft. high 7 Quercus phellas? or nigra? - Georgia 8 Quercus phellas? or nigra? - stream bank - Georgia 10 Betula lenta - from seed - 17 years - 8in., 45 ft. 10 Liquidambar styraciflua - young tree + Betula nigra & Acer negundo - Georgia 12 Liquidambar styraciflua - crown of young tree 23 Betula lenta - bark 24 Betula lenta - trees along road - North Carolina 63 �25 Celtis occidentalis - bark - 24 in. - flood line - 5 ½ ft. - Georgia 27 Liquidambar styraciflua & “white” Platanus occi. 28 Quercus pagodaefolia - large tree in flower - Georgia 29 Liquidambar styraciflua - crown of large tree - Georgia 29 30 Magnolia acuminata - crown - North Carolina - mountains Liquidambar styraciflua - bark - 16 in. 32 Aesculus glabra - bark - mature - 30 in dbh 33 Cercis canadensis - flowers - general 35 Quercus coccinea - bark & bole - 16 in. dbh 36 Quercus coccinea - view up tree showing persis branches Box 13 - Composite photos of tree spp Left Side D4 Norway spruce, hemlock, white spruce D5 White cedar D7 Hickory D8 Walnut & butternut D25 Ash 64 �11 Ac. platanoides 19 Ac. rubrum Right Side D1 White pine D19 Black locust, honey locust D21 Sugar maple D22 Red maple, Manitoba maple, Silver maple 12 Ac. platanoides Box 14 3 JDI - Pat Mareeau 7 Nipigon, Beardmore - The “Party” 14 Ian Poulin, Bob Bouehe, Bill Foster, John Burton 25 Pillow stock - EMV - Ed Markus 33 St. Regis ? Box 15 Left Side D3, D9, D11, D16, D18, D20, D23, D27, D29 - D31 E8, F86 Right Side 65 Oct. 1979 �D2 D6 Native willow & poplars D10 Chestnut, Blue beach, hornbeam D13 D14 Red, white & rock elm D15, D17 D24 Bass D26 D26 Bur oak, white oak D28, D32 Box 16 Left Side 7, 9, 11, 14, 18, 24 - 26, 28 - 32 25 Needles - primary & secondary Right Side 8, 10, 12 14 Complete nutrients 23, 23 -24, 26, 29 - 30 - Entire plant 66 �30 Greenhouse setup - White pine - deficiency series 32 67 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ken Armson fonds Subject The topic of the resource Forestry Description An account of the resource A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1995 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Armson slides, all other categories, listing Description An account of the resource A listing of slides from the Ken Armson fonds: Archaeology Erosion & Rehabilitation Finland-Sweden 1970 Fire Damage Study 1968 Forest Management Audits 1993 Genetics & Tree Improvement Geology & Land Forms Land Use North Carolina Trip 1969 Norway, 1976 Site Preparation Equipment Tree Slides Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/4d3af632a9f0ffc57edeaa04824dfc3c.pdf bc2578c84082810002254f01ec433537 PDF Text Text FMAHOLDER LOCATION SPECIES Abitibi‐Price, Iroquois Falls Camp 33 Black spruce ACTIVITY Planted‐ containers Abitibi‐Price, Iroquois Falls Camp 33 Black spruce Plantation Abitibi‐Price, Iroquois Falls Camp 33 Black spruce Harvesting NUM REMARKS DATE BER Area whole‐tree harvested , no site preparation, then planted with  paper pots 1981. N.B. no slash. 15/08/1981 1 Area harvested 1977, bladed in winter 1978, planted with 2+0 black  spruce 1979.  Trees are 3 yrs old. Person George Stanclik. 15/08/1981 2 John Deere skidder equipped with United wide tires to minimize      rutting in organic soils in frost‐free season. N.B. lack of ruts &  slash. 15/09/1981 3 g Abitibi‐Price, Iroquois Falls Camp 33 Black spruce Harvesting no rutting. 15/09/1981 4 Abitibi‐Price, Iroquois falls Camp 33 Black spruce Harvesting Liebherr feller‐buncher in operation on organic soil. N.B.wide track 15/09/1981 5 Abitibi‐Price, Iroquois falls Camp 33 Black spruce Harvesting View of Liebherr feller‐buncher. N.B. wide track 15/09/1981 6 Abitibi‐Price, Iroquois Falls Camp 33 Black spruce Harvesting 15/09/1981 7 Abitibi‐Price, Iroquois Falls Camp 33 Black spruce Harvesting 15/09/1981 8 Abitibi‐Price, Iroquois falls Camp 33 Black spruce Harvesting 15/09/1981 9 Abitibi‐Price, Iroquois falls Camp 33 Black spruce Stand View of cutting heqads on Liebherr feller‐buncher. View of Liebherr feller buncher moving into black spruce on organic soil. N.B. lack of disturbance due to wide track View of ground surface on organic soil after pass by Liebherr feller‐buncher. N.B. lack of disturbance 140 yr old black spruce on shallow(telluric peat). SC II+. N.B. deadstems and opening up of stand. 15/09/1981 10 Avenor English river Jack pine Site preparation View of site prepared cutover 15/08/1981 11 j g p Avenor English River Jack pine Wildlife value "easy" approach. 15/08/1981 12 Avenor English river Jack pine Wildlife value. 15/08/1981 13 Avenor English River Jack pine Wildlife value View fom clearcut to lake. cf #12. View in clearcut to shoreline re waterfowl landing "approach". N.B. gentle slope and surface organic intact no erosion. 15/08/1981 14 Avenor English River Jack pine Site preparation View of site repared cutover for natural seeding of jack pine 15/08/1981 15 Avenor English River Jack pine Regeneration Natural regeneration of jack pine(1 yr) after site preparation      (cf #15). 15/08/1981 16 E.B.Eddy, Lower Spanish Rose Lake Clearcut 1980‐81 Cutover to be site preparared for planting 1982. Person is Harry    Pearce 15/09/1981 17 E.B.Eddy, Lower Spanish Kettle Lake road Jack pine Jack pine‐ white  spruce Harvesting Skidding logs. N.B. wildlife corridor with considrable white spruce. 15/09/1981 18 Jack pine Site preparation Cutover site prepared with Young's teeth ready for planting 1982. g y g p of rutting Cutover where skidder with Rolligon tires has made 6 passes on the  same area. N.B. lacof disturbance and water on peat soil. Cutover where skidder had conventional 24" tires after 2 passes. cf. #20. N.B. rut and water. Person is N.Vardar. p 15/09/1981 19 15/09/1981 20 15/09/1981 21 15/09/1981 22 15/09/1981 23 15/09/1981 24 15/09/1981 25 E.B.Eddy, Lower Spanish Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Harvesting Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Harvesting Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Harvesting Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Harvesting Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Harvesting Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Harvesting area. N.B. Ruts Cutover where conventional skidders(narrow tires)were used in winterN.B. lack of surface rutting in organic peat soil, cf. #20,21,22,23 Cutover where skidders were equipped with Rolligon tires & operated in frost‐free season. N.B. no rutting. Person is Garn Bell. �Spruce falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Skidder Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Harvesting Timberjack skidder equipped with Firestone 43" tires for operation  on organic peats in frost‐free season 15/09/1981 26 Skidder equipped with Rolligon tires on peat soils in frost‐free    season Bull rsuhes invading black spruce cutover on deep peats,harvested infrost‐free period. person is Al Peacock. 15/09/1981 27 15/09/1981 28 15/09/1981 29 15/09/1981 30 Spruce Falls Gordin Cosens Black spruce Regeneration Spruce falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Regeneration Spruce Falls Grdon Cosens Black spruce Harvested Spruce falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Seeding Natural black spruce ‐1 yr.old ‐ in moss on cutover on peat soil. Cutover where skidder was equipped with Rolligon tires on peat soil in frost‐free season. person is N.Vardar. Black spruce seeded thencovered with plastic"greenhouse"to improve  germination and early growth. p p p y p g y g p 15/09/1981 31 Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Regeneration greenhouse. 15/09/1981 32 Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Harvesting John deere skidder equipped with Rolligon tires 15/09/1981 33 E.B.Eddy Lower Spanish Jack pine Regeneration 15/06/1982 34 E.B.Eddy Upper Spanish Upper Spanish, Hwy  144 Jack pine Logs 15/06/1982 35 Jack pine Harvest design Jack pine seeded on cutover in 1974, now after 8 yrs. Log deck of jack pine 72 yr.old Harvested 1981.N.B. fluting on buttsfrom Cronartium comptoneae(sweet fern blister rust) Chevron clearcuts along Hwy #144 to provide more "aesthetic" view totraffic. Harevesting was in 1973(9yrs earlier than photo) Jack pine Jack pine seedlings Thinning‐Pre  commercial E.B.Eddy Upper Spanish Upper Spanish,  Vrooman Twp Upper Spanish,  Inverary Twp Jack pine E.B.Eddy Upper Spanish Jack pine E.B.Eddy E.B.Eddy 15/06/1982 36 15/06/1982 37 15/06/1982 38 Road reserve Container seedlings of 1+0 jack pine ready for planting. Area clearcut 1964, aerially seeded 1965. pre‐commercially thinned  in 1980 to 100  stems/acre(250/ha). persons are Jim Waddell & Dennis Brophy. Reserve blew down 1976. Then cut 1977 and planted with jack pine in 1979(Ontario  tubes), now 3 yrs. later. 15/06/1982 39 Regeneration Natural regeneration 3‐6yrs old after clearcut. 15/06/1982 40 Lower Spanish, Cartier Jack pine Access FMA road crossing river. 15/10/1982 41 E.B.Eddy Lower Spanish, Cartier Jack pine Access 15/10/1982 42 Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Stand history New FMA road with bridge crossing river. Black spruce @ 90 yrs.(fire origin). Slide #43a shows stand after   ground fire ca. 40 yrs earlier. slide # 43b is part of stand that   escaped ground fire. N.B. differences in  ground cover & diameters.  Persons are Rod Gemmel & Rob Arnup 15/09/1982 43 E.B.Eddy E.B.Eddy Black spruce Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Black spruce Stand ‐ crowns Vigorous black spruce 90 yrs. N.B/ shape and length of live crown.  cf. slide #43 15/09/1982 44 Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Black spruce Soil profile 15/09/1982 45 Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Black spruce Stand Humo‐ferric podzol under black spruce stand cf Slides # 43 & 44. p y ( g ) mushrooms. 15/09/1982 46 Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Bog landscape Fen bog general view 15/09/1982 47 Stand general view of fire origin jack pine/spruce stand. N.B. form ofjackpine crowns. 15/09/1982 48 y Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Jack pine‐black  spruce Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Poplar‐aspen Landscape General view of stand edge from fen bog. N.B. pitcher plant flowers in foreground. 15/09/1982 49 Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Black spruce 50 Iroquois Falls Black spruce 15/09/1982 51 Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls, Camp 33 Black spruce Black spruce in main log dump‐50 thousand cunits(142 thousand cu.m.) p g p y ( ) y one yr. later. Paper pot black spruce planted 1978 after 4 yrs.large to small.Kent Virgo holding samples. Cf slide # 53 15/09/1982 Abitibi‐Price Log dump g herbicide 15/09/1982 52 Regeneration �Black spruce 3+0 planted in 1978 on winter‐bladed cutover.at 4yrs.Cfslide #52 of paper pots on same area Abitibi‐Price Ioquois Falls, Camp 33 Black spruce Plantation Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Harvesting Spruce Falls Black spruce Harvesting Jack pine Clearcut blocks Jack pine‐spruce Avenor Gordon Cosens English River, Camp  328 English River,  Megikans River English River,  Ignace/Dollar lake Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Spruce Falls Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Gordon Cosens, Hearst  area Black spruce Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Site preparation Winter blading (2 passes) on organic soils for spring planting. y vegetation Cutover ‐ old Aerial view of old(ca.15yrs) cutover. N.B. black spruce regenerationand dead poplar & balsam fir(due to budworm). Black spruce Plantation Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Gordon Cosens,  Torrance Twp Gordon Cosens,  Torrance Twp Black spruce‐ balsam fir Black spruce Plantation Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Site preparation Avenor Avenor 15/09/1982 53 15/09/1982 54 15/09/1982 55 15/10/1982 56 Clearcuts‐wildlife Aerial view of cut blocks patterns and major wildlife corridor with buffers. 15/10/1982 57 Jack pine Clearcut 15/10/1982 58 Boreal forest Landscape 15/06/1982 59 Group seed trees Aerial view of group seed tree cutting for natural regeneration 15/06/1982 60 Site preparation 15/02/1983 61 15/07/1981 62 15/06/1981 63 15/08/1983 64 Black spruce planted 1976, after prescribed burn. Herbicided. Now at7yrs old. Virgo(red hat),Harry Smith(yellow hat facing thro'treeN.B. Group of academics sponsored by MNR(KAA) 15/08/1983 65 15/08/1983 66 Aerial view of shearblading(winter 1983) in preparation for planting Ground view of area cut 1982, winter shearbladed 1983. This is the  ground view of aerial viewed slide #67. N.B amount of ground vegetation. 15/08/1983 67 15/08/1983 68 15/08/1983 69 15/08/1983 70 Black spruce Aerial view of skidders with Rolligon tires on organic soils. Aerial view of skidders with Rolligon tires operating on organic    soills in frost‐free season. N.B. lack of ruts Aerial view of clearcut blocks. N.B. well‐designed roads, shoreline buffers and distribution of cuts in relation to second cut later on. Alternating clearcut blocks on lake Aerial view of mosaic pattern of fire origin boreal forest. N.B. thepoplar clones and old winter road(diagonal) FMA title slide Spruce Falls, Spruce Falls Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Site preparation Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Regeneration Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Clearcut Aerial view of 30 yr. old cutover. N.B. Regenerated forest and the  old strip roads. Current clearcut being harvested with wide tire skidders. N.B. treesleft as seed source & minimmal slash and disturbance. p g Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Harvesting disturbance. 15/08/1983 71 Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Harvesting 15/08/1983 72 Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls White spruce Plantation Aerial view of Drott feller‐buncher operating in black spruce. N.B. harvest pattern. p p y p 74 15/07/1983 73 Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls White spruce Plantation 15/07/1983 74 Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls White spruce Plantation 15/07/1983 75 White spruce Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Black spruce Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Black spruce White spruce planted 1981, at 2 yrs. No herbicide, cf. slide #72 Cutover bladed winter 1981, planted 1981 and herbicided with Roundup now 2yrs  old. N.B. vigorous growth. cf slide # 75 Plantation White spruce planted 1981 after winter shear blading. No Roundup.cf.slide #75 15/07/1983 76 Access 15/07/1983 77 Planting Bridge built with all local materials. Planting in upland mixedwood after conifers have been harvested. N.B amount of residual poplar. 15/06/1983 78 Harvesting Whole tree harvesting in 85yr black spruce. SC II+, telluric site 15/06/1983 79 �Abitiibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Black spruce Harvesting Harvested log from stand cf. slide # 79. Person is Rod Gemmell. 15/06/1983 80 Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Black spruce Landscape Aerial view of cutovers, Camp 33. 15/06/1983 81 Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Black spruce Clearcuts‐ strip Aerial view of strip clearcuts in black spruce 15/06/1983 82 Abitibi‐Price Iroquois Falls Black spruce Clearcut‐strips Aerial view of strip clearcuts. 15/06/1983 83 Abitibi‐Price Black spruce Plantation Aerial view of cutover, shear bladed and planted 1982‐83. 15/06/1983 84 E.B.Eddy Iroquois Falls Upper Spanish,  Ramsey Town site Aerial view of Ramsey depot. 15/06/1983 85 E.B.Eddy Upper Spanish Jack pine Thinning 15/06/1983 86 E.B.Eddy Upper Spanish Jack pine Thinning Aerial view of 15 yr old jack pre‐commercially thinned 1983.        cf.slide # 87 Precommercially thinned 15 yr‐old jack pine, from seeding. Persons  are Dave  Cope(beard) & Jim Waddell. cf. slide # 86 15/06/1983 87 E.B.Eddy Upper Spanish Poplar Clones 15/06/1983 88 E.B.Eddy Upper Spanish Poplar Conversion Aerial view of poplar which shows clonal/species differences. Aerial view of cutover with high poplar content.Poplars being felledand then site preparation to plant jack pine. Very high cost $150/ac 15/06/1983 89 Avenor English River Jack pine‐spruce Landscape Aerial view of cutovers, some regenerated. 15/08/1983 90 Avenor English River Black spruce Improvement Black spruce seed orchard. Persons are Bob Carman & Bruce Ferguson. 15/08/1983 91 Avenor English River Site preparation Modigied Koehring harvester converted to site preparation by Avenor 15/08/1983 92 Aerial view of current cutovers, N.B. residual poplar stands p g ( )p g y (y Carman(red hat) 15/08/1983 93 15/08/1983 94 15/08/1983 95 15/08/1983 96 15/08/1984 97 Abitibi‐Price Spruce River Black spruce Cutovers Abitibi‐Price Spruce River Spruce River, Wolfe  River Spruce River, Wolfe  river English River, Sioux  Lookout Black spruce Plantation Black spruce Plantation Black spruce Black spruce‐jack  pine Plantation Landscape Abitibi‐Price Abitibi‐Price Avenor ) Black spruce paper pot planted 1982 after 1 yr. N.B. lush vegetation Black spruce planted 1976 after prescribed burn. at 7yrs old.Personsare Roy Klein(red hat) and Wayne Nakamura(green hat). Avenor Dog River, Mattawin Jack pine Site preparation Aerial view of forest, clearcuts and lakes.N.B. relative% land/water gp g p g slash. 15/09/1985 98 Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Skidders Aerial view of skidder camp. N.B. array of wide tired skidders. 15/06/1985 99 Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Black spruce Clearcuts Aerial view of cutovers. N.B. reserves on water bodies 15/06/1985 100 Spruce Falls Gordon Cosens Kapuskasing Aerial view of mill and town of Kapuskasing. 15/06/1985 101 E.B.Eddy Lower Spanish Nairn sawmill Lumber yard and crane. 15/06/1985 102 E.B.Eddy Upper Spanish FMA sign This was the sign we(MNR) produced to my design for the first FMA   companies. 15/06/1985 103 E.B.Eddy Upper Spanish Moose Wildlife 104 Upper Spanish Jack pine Regeneration 15/06/1985 105 E.B.Eddy Upper Spanish 15/06/1985 106 E.B.Eddy Upper Spanish Jack Pine Site preparation 15/06/1985 107 E.B.Eddy, Upper Spanish Ivy Twp. Camp 12 Jack pine Regeneration Young moose on access Rd. p g j p "organic" Durban airstrip was put in to facilitate spraying with Bacillus     thuringiensis (Bt) for control of jack pine budworm. Stand heavy to residual poplar being site prepared for planting withjack pine. Cost was very high. Area cut 1980, planted 1982 with 2+0 jack pine, herbicided 1984.    Photo June  1985. person is Jim Waddell. N.B. Unaffected poplar etc 15/06/1985 E.B.Eddy 15/06/1985 108 Durban airstrip �p y p g Great Lakes Forest Products Dog River ‐ Mattawin Site preparation seeding jack pine. 15/06/1986 109 Great Lakes Forest Products Dog River ‐ Mattawin Site preparatioin Four‐headed power scarifier developed by GLFP to planting or seed   jack pine. 15/06/1986 110 Great Lakes Forest Products Dog River  ‐ Mattawin Jack pine 15/06/1986 111 Spruce Falls P&P Gordon Cosens Forest Black spruce 15/09/1987 112 Spruce Falls Power & Paper Gordon Cosens Forest Black spruce 15/09/1987 113 Spruce Falls Power & Paper 15/09/1987 114 Spruce Falls Power & Paper Gordon Cosens Forest Black spruce Gordon Cosens Forest,  Chain‐of‐lakes Site preparation 100 Millionth  tree Planting  100millionth tree Planting  100millionth tree Spruce Falls Power & Paper Power headed scarifier in operation. MNR Minister Vince Kerrio and SFP&P President Fred Campling(#112a), and with  Ivan Sachs(112b) at celebration of planting 100 million    trees MNR Minister Vince Kerrio and SFP&P President Fred Campling celebrating the  planting of the 100 millionth tree. MNR Minister Vince Kerrio and SFP&P President Fred Campling with the100   millionth tree ‐ black spruce 15/09/1987 115 Gordon Cosens Forest Black spruce Landscape ‐esker Aerial view of esker, Chain‐of‐lakes Aerial view of old cutover(1950's) with "new" 30+yr old black spruceforest. N.B. "New" forest evidenc of old strips 15/11/1987 116 Spruce Falls Power & Paper Gordon Cosens Forest Black spruce Landscape Aerial view of are cut 1950's now regenrated to "new" black spruce  forest. 15/11/1987 117 Spruce Falls power & Paper Site preparation Winter shear bladed and planted area in cutover. 15/11/1987 118 Spruce Falls Power & Paper Gordon Cosens Forest Black spruce Gordon Cosens Forest,  Teetzel Twp Black spruce Plantation Plantation of black spruce planted 1986, photo1987 after two seasons 15/11/1987 119 Pineland Chapleau, Oates Twp Plantation 15/11/1987 120 Boise‐Cascade 15/10/1989 121 Seeding Tree  improvement 15/10/1989 122 Boise‐Cascade Seine White spruce Seine, south Dryberry  Lake Jack pine Seine Forest, Dirty  water Jack pine Intensive Forest Management (IFM) with jack pine planted 1986, photo1987 White spruce planted 1971, herbicided with Vision in 1986. Photo in October 1989. person is John Bagacki Use of Zircon tubes to hasten germination and growth of seeded jack pine. Person is Paul Jewiss Family test site established by MNR on Seine FMA. 15/10/1989 123 Boise‐Cascade Lake of the Woods Landscape 15/10/1989 124 Boise‐Cascade Jack pine Plantation Aerial view of Lake of the Woods. p p g Boise‐Cascade Lake of the Woods Jack pine Seeding 1987. 15/10/1989 125 Boise Cascade Lake of the Woods Jack pine Plantation Aerial view of jack pine planted 1984, in Ocgtober 1989. 15/10/1989 126 Boise Cascade Lake of the Woods Balsam fir Budworm Aerial view of budworm‐killed balsam fir. 15/10/1989 127 Boise Cascade Lake of the Woods Jack pine‐balsam fir Budworm 15/10/1989 128 Boise Cascade Lake of the Woods Two foresters Aerial view of budworm kill in balsam fir/overmature jack pine ( ) ( ) photo 15/10/1989 129 Boise Cascade Lake of the Woods 15/10/1989 130 Boise Cascade Lake of the Woods improvement Aerial view of seed orchard at Ulster Lake. Seeding ‐ Hakmet  Jack pine seeded 1986 then Hakmet cone placed over to create more   heat for cone germination & growth. Photo October 1989 after two seasons. 15/10/1989 131 Boise Cascade Pakwash Forest energy Solar and wind energy sources for remote radio repeater station 15/07/1990 132 Boise Cascade Pakwash Forest Jack pine Loader Loading 8‐ft wood 15/07/1990 133 Boise Cascade Pakwash Forest Jack pine area(1983) Aerial view of old area that has had a more recent fire (1983). cf  slide #135 15/07/1990 134 Jack pine Jack pine Boise Cascade Pakwash Forest Regeneration Jack pine regeneration in 1990, after 1983 burn.Person is Dale Munro 15/07/1990 135 Boise Cascade Pakwash Forest Site preparation TTS disk trencher. 15/11/1990 136 Boise Cascade Pakwash Forest Site preparation TTS disk trencher 15/11/1990 137 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ken Armson fonds Subject The topic of the resource Forestry Description An account of the resource A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1995 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Forest Management Agreements slides, full listing Subject The topic of the resource Forest Products Industry Description An account of the resource A full listing of slides for Forest Management Agreements, as part of the Ken Armson fonds. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/7bd3b83cee6c13e6b3a086ca12eaf4dc.pdf fe2908e03bf66d82a710c7cb9ce7a893 PDF Text Text ROOTS SLIDES - Kenneth A. Armson R.P.F. SPECIES Radiata pine Radiata pine Ponderosa pine Ponderosa pine Ponderosa pine Eastern hemlock Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Sugar maple Red maple Red maple Silver maple Silver maple Yellow birch Sugar maple Sugar maple Red maple Red oak Black spruce Black spruce Longleaf pine Longleaf pine Red pine Loblolly pine Eastern white pine Eastern white pine Eastern white pine Eastern white pine Eastern white pine Eastern white pine Eastern white pine DESCRIPTION Plantation system in pumice soil, North Island Plantation system in pumice soil, North Island Graph of crown volume(cone wall) x tree height Roots in pumice, N.B. tiered system Roots inpumice showing two-tiered system Soil profile showing two layers of pumice including buried profile Horizontal root system over bedrock, nr. Dorset Roots of 70 yr. jack pine in windbloown sand, N.B. vertical roots,Swastika Roots of 25 yr planted pine after extraction at Midhurst nursery Pretzel" root of jack pine in medium sand, nr. Dorset Root mat of maple, Harvard Forest Root mat of red maple in upper soil layers, Harvard Forest View of change in density and form of roots with depth, Harvard Forest Fine root in gravel. photo D.C.F.Fayle Fine root in humus, Photo D.C.F.Fayle Adventitious roots in tree's own rot, nr. Dorset Roots in upper dump till over basal till, Swan Lake, Algonquin Pk. Roots in dump till over bedrock, tree 100yrs+, nr. Dorset Roots over bedrock, nr. Dorset Roots in dump till over bedrock, nr. Dorset Roots of 140 yr black spruce in peat,Leitch Twp. Cochrane. W.Stanek's thesis Drawing of root system of spruce showing original layer origin in peat Tap root of longleaf pine, Sandhills Root system of old pine. Person is Prof. J.T.May(U.Georgia), Sandhills Fomes annosus in 45 yr. plantation red pine, St.Williams Fomes annosus killed loblolly pine , Sandhills Air layering root development in sphagnum casing, Glendon Hall Live stump, 5 yrs after thinning in plantation, St. Williams, N.B. callus Root grafting in natural white pine(80 yrs.), nr. Dorset Root grafting in natural white pine, nr. Dorset Tiered system of pine in fractured granite/gneiss, nr. Dorset Root system in shallow till over bedrock, nr. Dorset Root system in shallow till over bedrock, nr. Dorset DATE 09/15/63 09/15/63 09/15/63 05/15/68 07/15/69 07/15/61 05/15/69 08/15/68 08/15/68 08/15/68 07/15/63 07/15/63 06/15/60 04/15/60 04/15/69 04/15/69 04/15/69 06/15/61 06/15/61 08/15/68 08/15/68 07/15/59 08/15/68 04/15/57 08/15/61 05/15/59 05/15/60 05/15/60 05/15/60 05/15/60 SLIDE No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 �SPECIES DESCRIPTION Eastern white pine Eastern white pine Eastern white pine Eastern white pine Eastern white pine Eastern white pine Eastern white pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine Red pine E. white cedar Red pine White spruce Red pine Red pine Red pine Eastern white pine Red pine Lateral root at 38 ft. from stump in natural white pine, nr. Dorset Roots exploiting deep fissure in bedrock, nr. Dorset Roots exploiting deep fissure in bedrock, nr. Dorset Roots in surface over bedrock, nr. Dorset Roots exploiting horizontal fissures in bedrock, nr. Dorset Roots exploiting horizontal fissures in bedrock, nr. Dorset Roots of 7 yr plantation tree, vertical root @17.3ft., tree ht.6ft. person is KAA Plantation 45 yr. root system, St.Williams Plantation 45 yr. root system, general view St.Williams Plantation 45 yr. sytem showing grafting, St. Williams Plantation 45 yrs. showing network of roots, St.Williams Plantation 45 yrs tree showing detail of one tree's system Plantation 45 yrs tree showing detail of one tree's system Plantation tree (15. yrs) showing roots following B horizon, Vivian Forest Plantation tree (15. yrs) showing roots following B horizon, Vivian Forest Plantation tree(15yrs). root" bunch" at bottom of B horizon tongue, Vivian Drawing of root sytem of 33yr plantation tree, Northumberland Co. Forest Drawing of naural root sytem(106 yrs.) Northumberland Co. Forest Roots of pine 7 yrs after planting, Vibvian Forest Roots of tree in No.52, N.B. avoidance of plow layer, Vivian Forest Roots of tree in No.52, showing vertical limit, Vivian Forest Roots of red pine in B horizon tongue in waterlaid calcareous sand, Vivian Roots of red pine in B horizon tongue in waterlaid calcareous sand, Vivian Roots following B horizon tongue at depth, N.B. Calcium carbonate casing, Viv Calcium carbonate accumulation around roots, Adjala Twp. photo D.C.F.Fayle Calcium carbonate accumulation around roots, Adjala Twp. photo D.C.F.Fayle Roots in B horizon tongue + calcium carbonates, Adjala Twp. photo D.C.F.Fay Roots of cedar in old rabbit burrow, Adjala Twp. Photo D.C.F.Fayle Root graft in 45 yr old plantation red pine, St.Williams Roots of planted 16yr tree, N.B. roots in plow layer. Victory Tract, Wellington C Roots showing dead tip and origin of laterals to give ultimate root form, Vivian Roots showing dead tip and origin of laterals to give rt. angle root form, Vivian Brush" root at junction with coarse texture, Vivian Stump of large white pine exposed after erosion. nr. Orono. Photo W.R.Bunting Roots of 5x5ft spaced trees. Petawawa F.E.S. photo W.Stiell DATE 05/15/60 05/15/60 05/15/60 05/15/60 05/15/60 05/15/60 06/15/58 08/15/61 08/15/61 08/15/61 08/15/61 08/15/61 08/15/61 06/15/58 06/15/58 06/15/58 06/15/57 06/15/57 06/15/58 06/15/58 06/15/58 06/15/58 06/15/58 06/15/58 02/15/64 02/15/64 02/15/64 02/15/64 08/15/61 07/15/58 06/15/58 06/15/58 06/15/58 06/15/65 05/15/70 SLIDE No. 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 �SPECIES Sugar maple Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Black spruce Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine DESCRIPTION Root system of 80-100yr tre in shallow till over bedrock, nr. Dorset Lateral roots of planted tree 6 yrs after planting, Davidson Twp, Swastika Excavating root system with backhoe. Syd Shea study, Swastika Excavating root system with backhoe. Syd Shea study, Swastika Soil profile away from root system of pine, Syd Shea study pit#62D, Swastika Syd Shea taking soil samples at pit#62D, Swastika Start of pit ready to proceed with root excavation, pit #62D, Swastika Taking samples as roots are progressively exposed, N.B. painted roots Exposed and painted roots at pit #62D, Swastika Existing roots cut off, and face ready for next exposure, pit#62D, Swastika Main roots pit#62D, Syd Shea study, Swastika Stump & heart of root, N.B.buried Ae, pit#62D, Syd Shea study, Swastika General view from undisturbed side of tree at pit #62D, Syd Shea study, Swast Proliferation of roots at depth in fine sand under coarse sand, pit#62D, Swastik Sampling 2+0 seedlings with a nailboard, Swastika Nursery Nailboard with seedlings prior to removal of soil, Swastika Nursery Nailboard with soil removed to expose roots for measurement, Swastika Nurse Drawings of roots in peat, W Stanek study, Leitch Twp. Cochrane Roots of 50yr tree pit#57E, Syd Shea study, Swastika Profile(bisequum) at Pit#1, Syd Shea study,Truax Twp. Swastka Root system at Pit #1, Syd Shea study, Truax Twp. Swastika Root system at pit #1 showing stump and major roots, Syd Shea study, Truax T Stump and root collar with main rots, pit#1, Truax Twp, Syd Shea study, Excavating planted tree 8 yrs after planting, Davidson Twp, Swastika Root system of 8 yr tree, planted with Sandvik, Davidson Twp, Swastika Root system of 8 yr tree, planted with SandvikDavidson Twp, Swastika Root system of 8 yr tree, planted with SandvikDavidson Twp, Swastika Root system of 8 yr tree, showing roots in soil horizonsDavidson Twp, Swastika Root system of 8 yr tree, showing laterals in F,H, horizonsDavidson Twp, Swas Root system of 8 yr tree, planted with SandvikDavidson Twp, Swastika Root system of 8 yr tree, planted with SandvikDavidson Twp, Swastika Root system of 8 yr tree, planted with SandvikDavidson Twp, Swastika Root system of 8 yr tree, planted with SandvikDavidson Twp, Swastika Root system to show influence of Sandvik in distorting roots, Davidson Twp Root system to show influence of Sandvik in distorting roots, Davidson Twp DATE 05/15/70 09/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 06/15/61 07/15/69 07/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/70 07/15/70 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 SLIDE No. 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 �SPECIES Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Beech Sugar maple Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Black spruce Red oak Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine DESCRIPTION Root system to show influence of Sandvik in distorting roots, Davidson Twp Root system to show influence of Sandvik in distorting roots, Davidson Twp Root system to show influence of Sandvik in distorting roots, Davidson Twp Root system to show influence of Sandvik in distorting roots, Davidson Twp Root system to show influence of Sandvik in distorting roots, Davidson Twp Root system to show influence of Sandvik in distorting roots, Davidson Twp Root system 50yr large beech in dump till, nr, Dorset Root system of 80 yr sugar maple in dump til, nr. Dorset Root system of 57yr tree, in waterlaid sand, Holmes Twp, Swastika Root system of 57yr tree, in waterlaid sand, Holmes Twp, Swastika Root system of tree 7yrs after planting, Burt Twp. Swastika Root system of 56yr tree in waterlaid sand, Holmes Twp. Swastika Roots of red oak in dump till, nr. Dorset Jack pine after being windthrown, Holmes Twp. Swastika Root system of 57yr tree, in waterlaid sand, Holmes Twp, Swastika Lateral roots of 57 yr tree N.B. buried profile from windthrow, Holmes Twp. Profile at pit#58 prior to root extraction, Syd Shea study,Swastika Profile at pit#58 to show root system, Syd Shea study,Swastika Profile at pit#58 to show root close to stump, Syd Shea study,Swastika Profile at pit#58 to show root tap root (uncommon), Syd Shea study,Swastika Profile at pit#58 to show root root at stump, Syd Shea study,Swastika Profile at pit#56 prior to root extraction, in till, Syd Shea study,Swastika Profile at pit#56 prior to root extraction, Syd Shea study,Swastika Profile at pit#56 showing roots as exposed, Syd Shea study,Swastika Profile at pit#56 showing roots approaching stump, Syd Shea study,Swastika Profile at pit#56 showing roots,a) dominant,b)codominant,Syd Shea study,Swa Profile at pit#59 prior to root extraction, Syd Shea study,Swastika Profile at pit#59 roots in coarse sand, Syd Shea study,Swastika Profile at pit#59 roots in coarse sand, N.B.shallownessSyd Shea study,Swastik Profile at pit#59 Laterals at stump, Syd Shea study,Swastika Profile at pit#59 main roots at stump, Syd Shea study,Swastika Profile at Pit#62, in fine/coarse sand, Holmes Twp, Syd Shea study Profile at Pit#62, in fine/coarse sand,N.B. roots at interface, Syd Shea study Pit#62 showing roots close to stump, Syd Shea study, Swastika Pit#54, coarse/fine sands, Main roots, Syd Shea study, Swastika DATE 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 09/15/71 05/15/72 05/15/72 07/15/72 07/15/72 09/15/72 09/15/72 05/15/72 06/15/72 07/15/72 07/15/72 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 SLIDE No. 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 �SPECIES Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine White spruce Black spruce Black spruce Slash pine Slash pine Slash pine Slash pine Slash pine Yellow birch White spruce Tamarack Tamarack Maritime pine Douglas fir Sugar maple Douglas fir Jack pine DESCRIPTION Pit F/73 showing pseudo tap root, Syd Shea study, Swastika Plot 70, Dunmore Twp. also showing last 20yr crown growth, S.Shea study Profile at plot#70 prior to root extraction, S.Shea Study, Swastika Plot 70 showing laterals at distance from stump, S.Shea study, Swastika Plot 70 showing vertical roots at silt layer, S.Shea study, Swastika Plot 70 showing tap root at silt layer, S.Shea study, Swastika Plot 70 showing small fine roots in silt at depth, S.Shea study, Swastika Plot 70 showing small fine roots in silt @ 2m. at silt layer, S.Shea study, Swast Plot 70 showing grid of roots near stump, S.Shea study, Swastika Plot 70 showing roots distorted in compact silt loam, S.Shea study, Swastika Showing intensity of roots in fine/coarse textures, S.Shea study, Swastika Showing intensity of roots in coarse/fine textures, S.Shea study, Swastika Showing roots truncated at compact layer, S.Shea study, Swastika Showing intensity of roots in fine/coarse textures, S.Shea study, Swastika Pit#64 roots in medium/coarse textures, S.Shea study, Swastika Knobkerry" root pit#64. S.Shea study, Swastika Sinker roots all ending in medium/fine textures, S.Shea Study, Swastika Profile to show windblown features of sand at Dunmore, Swastika Roots of planted treee after 7yrs, JDI, Black Brook Roots of planted treee after 8yrs,N.B. shallowness JDI, Black Brook Roots of planted treee after 8yrs,N.B. shallowness JDI, Black Brook Roots continuously below watertable @2.5m Photo R.P.Schultz Roots of 10yr planted tree after disking, photo R.P.Schultz Roots of 10yr planted tree after disking, photo R.P.Schultz Roots of 10yr planted tree, cover cropped, photo R.P.Schultz Roots of 10yr planted tree,sinkers to6.7ft., photo R.P.Schultz Stilt" roots showing origin of seedling in old stump(now rotted), Aylmer Roots of natural white spruce in waterlaid sands, Swastika Roots of natural tamarack in waterlaid sand. Swastika Roots of natural tamarack in waterlaid sand. Swastika Roots of Pinus pinaster, 5 yr after seeding,, Dordogne Roots of 8yr planted tree Roots of sugar maple in sandy loam till, photo, Blake Macdonald Roots of natural tree on dump/basal tills, Vanc. Island Roots of planted tree showing distortion due to planting tool(Sandvik) DATE 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 07/15/69 06/15/73 06/15/73 06/15/73 11/15/73 09/15/73 09/15/73 09/15/73 11/15/73 11/15/73 07/15/74 04/15/74 SLIDE No. 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 �SPECIES DESCRIPTION Jack pine Jack pine Black spruce Black spruce Black spruce Black spruce Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jarrah Sugar maple Sugar maple Sugar maple Sugar maple Sugar maple Sugar maple Douglas fir Douglas fir Douglas fir Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Jack pine Eastern white pine Eastern white pine Comparison of 10yr old planted and natural trees' roots Cross-section to show root fusions Roots of 10yr natural tree, Sapawe Roots of tree 10 yr after planting, Sandra Twp, Beardmore Drawing ofr Roots of tree 10 yr after planting, Sandra Twp, Beardmore Roots of 3+0 seedling to show fine & coarse roots General view of Nelder #11, Swastika Lateral roots of pine planted @ 0.6m. spacing in 1968 tree & lateral roots of pine planted @ 1.8m. spacing in 1968 tree & lateral roots of pine planted @ 3.7m. spacing in 1968 Eucalyptus saligna, Jarrah growing in bauxite rehab.W. Australia, photo Syd Sh Rootlets in humus, with new emerging ones, photo D.C.Fayle New emerging root from 6+yr old root, photo D.C.Fayle Root in gravel, photo D.C Fayle Grafted roots in natural tree, photo D,C.Fayle Trees showing layered origin, photo D.C.Fayle Trees showing layered origin, photo D.C.Fayle Roots of planted Bare root seedling after 7 yrs, Vanc. Island (M&B) Roots of styroplug seedling after6yrs, Vanc. Island Roots of oldest plantation tree after 24 yrs, Vanc. Island Roots of Ontario tube planted 1966, after 12 yrs, Geraldton Roots of Ontario tube planted 1966. Swastika Roots of Ontario tube planted 1970. Swastika Roots of Ontario tube planted 1970. Swastika Site of root excavation(Slide #31) used as evidence in EA Hearings Site of root excavation(Slide #31) used as evidence in EA Hearings DATE 04/15/74 10/15/76 06/15/75 06/15/75 06/15/75 08/15/75 09/15/77 09/15/77 09/15/77 09/15/77 04/15/74 05/15/78 05/15/78 05/15/78 07/15/78 08/15/80 08/15/80 08/15/80 06/15/92 06/15/92 SLIDE No. 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ken Armson fonds Subject The topic of the resource Forestry Description An account of the resource A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1995 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Roots slides, full listing Subject The topic of the resource Forest Products Industry Description An account of the resource A full listing of roots slides as part of the Ken Armson fonds. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/12bb169826bb346812a4b5ead3dea208.pdf 1b98df76585de1dc02da7cb950966866 PDF Text Text FOREST SOILS SLIDES - Kenneth A. Armson R.P.F. ORDER Type LOCATION PROPERTYDISTURBDEPTH DESCRIPTION DATE No. SPODOSOL UK P C F D Podzol profile under heathlqnd, from Bronze Age, Bramshill. Vegetation heather& gorse 05/15/55 1 SPODOSOL ON P C F S Profile near Nipigon, Ontario, Ae colour masked by colour of the 06/15/52 2 INCEPTISOL ON P C F D Profile at Dorset, Ontario in waterlaid sand; eluviated eutric brun-isol(Can); hdwd litter 04/15/52 3 INCEPTISOL ON P C F D Profile of eluviated eutric Brunisol(Can) in silty fine sand near Key River, Georgian Bay; n.b. lack of intensity of colour 07/15/53 4 ALFISOL ON P T F D Profile off Hwy# 71, n. of Fort Frances; former chernozem now supp- orting fire-origin jack pine; n.b. colour, structure and pine root. 07/15/52 5 ENTISOL ON P M D Orthic humic gleysol in central Ontario; n.b. typical gley colours, compaction lenses in the upper C horizon and the uncompacted lower fine sandy loam 07/15/53 6 HISTOSOL ON P S D Deep peat(sphagnum) in Leitch Twp. Cochrane; profile part of study by Walter Stanek M.Sc.F.(1961) U.Tor. on physical properties of 07/15/60 7 ENTISOL ON P SB General view of a Lithosol near Lake Traverse in Algonquin Pk.; 07/15/51 8 ALFISOL ON H C HC D Plow layer at St.Williams nursery, Lots 11 & 12; n.b. homogeneity ofthe plow layer and sharp delineation from lower soil 05/15/56 9 ALFISOL ON P C F D Gray-brown podzolic with plow layer; an old field soil that has been planted to red pine at York Regional Forest(Vivian); n.b. this is abisequum with podzol developing in upper A, lower B i 06/15/56 10 SPODOSOL ON P FF F 11 SPODOSOL ON HF FF SPODOSOL ON P C SPODOSOL ON HF FF F SPODOSOL Czech'kia P C F SPODOSOL ON P C F MOLLISOL ON HC S E SPODOSOL ON HC S SPODOSOL ON P C SPODOSOL AL P INCEPTISOL ON INCEPTISOL INCEPTISOL mudstone(mesa) in which profile developed; mixed Boreal species vegetation, incl. trees(red pine) rooted in fissures in granite peats gneiss D Close-up of forest soil at Dorset in sandy loam; n.b. fine roots in thin Forest Floor - area has a fire history; Ae irregular and weak 05/15/56 D Litter from redpine plantation after 45 years;n.b. openess allowing full infiltration 05/15/56 12 D Profile in waterlaid sand; n.b.shallowness of actual profile in deepC materials; mixed forest of white pine/poplar; located near Achray in Algonquin Pk. 07/15/52 13 D Poplar litter showing flat `shingle' type surface, cf. Slide #12 05/15/56 14 D Intense Ae and Bh developed in old heathland now planted with spruceslide courtesy of J.A.(Steve) Brodie 06/15/57 15 D Podzol profile in deep sand near Manitouwadge; supporting mixed jackpine and black spruce 07/15/57 16 D Hexagonal cracking in clay at Caledon, where the upper horizons havebeen eroded away 07/15/58 17 D Windblown sand showing the `mare's tail ' structure; taken at ForbesCreek in Algonquin Pk. 06/15/52 18 WT D Buried profile near Bancroft as a result of a flood; n.b. there 07/15/57 19 C WT D Alluvial/colluvial near Kananaskis on mountain slope under lodgepolepine 08/15/63 20 P C F SB Acid Brown forest at Dorset; altho' over bedrock the soil acts as a deep soil with telluric water & is v. productive. See Slides Nos.22 to 25 for details of horizons 04/15/63 21 ON HF S Litter of maple in Spring, n.b. dogtooth violets breaking up leaves Forest floor of Slide #21 04/15/63 22 ON HF BSP F layer in forest floor of profile Slide #21; n.b. the fungal hyphae 04/15/63 23 INCEPTISOL ON HA C Lower part of Forest floor - some H, but mixed to give an Aeh; n.b. fine roots & relatively sharp boundary between F and Aeh. 04/15/63 24 INCEPTISOL ON HB S B horizon of profile Slide #21; n.b. fine granular structure and theintensity of rooting. 04/15/63 25 SPODOSOL ON P C F D General view of profile at Plonski Forest adjacent to nursery; Jack pine forest; waterlaid medium/fine sand. 05/15/63 26 SPODOSOL ON P C F D General view of profile under 70yr.jack pine;waterlaid sand at the Plonski Forest; n.b. root system & concentration in upper portion ofthe `soil' 06/15/67 27 MOLLISOL AL P C D Typical black prairie soil near Irricana;n.b. gopher hole 08/15/63 28 ARIDISOL AL P C D Photo of a black solodized solonetz by Soil survey in Alberta 06/15/63 29 INCEPTISOL OR P C F SB Sol brun acide in Eocene sandstone nr. Alsea, OR; mapped as the 08/15/63 30 INCEPTISOL OR P C F D Sol brun acide developed in what is described as a yellow-brown 08/15/63 31 INCEPTISOL OR P S F D Sol brun acide nr. Alsea; closeup of A to show concretionary `shot' structure; same profile as Slide # 31 08/15/63 32 SPODOSOL ON C WN D Windthrow mound in Gt.Lks-St Lwrce forest at Dorset; under maple/bchwhich had white pine and fire history 05/15/63 33 SPODOSOL ON P C WN D Windthrow same as Slide #33, but from angle to show buried Ae and B of profile 05/15/63 34 SPODOSOL ON P C WN D Windthrow as in Slides #33,34 &36; n.b. depth of buried Ae & H and the inversion; yellow/red `firing' of the iron in B where a root 05/15/63 35 SPODOSOL ON P C WN D Profile under the fallen trunk of the windthrown pine;n.b disturbance to the right; also Slides Nos. 33,34,35. 05/15/63 36 SPODOSOL ON P C F D Digging out a soil pit by hand; KAA and Ken Reese doing their thing at the Swastika Nursery where there is to be more clearing of jack pine to enlarge the nursery 06/15/67 37 SPODOSOL ON P C F D Digging the soil pit cf. Slide # 36, technology to the rescue ! At Swastika nursery. 06/15/67 38 SPODOSOL ON HF BSY Nitrogen-fixing nodules on Alnus; actinomycetes the organisms 05/15/62 39 SPODOSOL ON HF BSY Cluster of nodules on Alnus; N-fixing by Actinomycetes 05/15/62 40 ALFISOL ON HF BSY Nodules on Black Locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) with Rhizobium ALFISOL ON HF BSY Cross-section of Black locust nodule(x4) to show general structure and the red colour due to presence of `leghemoglobin' which shows there is active N-fixation ALFISOL ON HF BSY MOLLISOL WA P C MOLLISOL BC P C ENTISOL BC P C ARIDISOL AL P ARIDISOL AL INCEPTISOL INCEPTISOL F would appear to be long intervals between floods `Bohannon' series by US soil survey; photo in douglas fir cutover laterite (bisequum ?); clled `Klickitat' series by US soil survey; nr. Alsea burned (Pine?) bacteria Nitrogen-fixing; see Slides # 42 & 43 05/15/62 41 05/15/62 42 Cross-section of Black locust nodule(x360) to show Rhizobium cells the bacteria which due the N-fixation 05/15/62 43 D Profile under 300+yr Douglas fir & red cedar; Ah 25cm with worms; silt loam with gleying at 60cm.; Pack Forest nr Puyallup 08/15/63 44 F D Brown forest with Ah under 36 yr red cedar at Haney(UBC Forest); B horizon has concretions called `shot' 08/15/63 45 F S Thin regosol under grass and open stands of ponerosa pine; 08/15/63 46 C D General view of solonetzic brown soil nr. Drumheller; n.b.the light colour of the Csk and he columnar B 08/15/63 47 Ah S D Closeup of the Ah horizon in the solonetz to show the granular 08/15/63 48 OR P S F D Lodgepole pine forest on cobbly pumice soil(regosol-brown podzolic) nr. Chemult OR 08/15/63 49 OR P S F D Profile of cobbly pumice soil showing minimal development(soil ca. 1500 yrs old) nr Chemult; see slides #49 & 51 08/15/63 50 nr. Kelowna structure; same profile as Slide #47 �ORDER Type LOCATION PROPERTYDISTURBDEPTH DESCRIPTION DATE No. INCEPTISOL OR P Ah F D Closeup of Ah horizon in cobbly pumice soil nr. Chemult Or;see SlideNos 49 & 50 08/15/63 51 SPODOSOL AL P S F D Profile to show discontinuity, i.e.C/D horizons of water-laid sand over gravel. nr, Hinton 08/15/63 52 INCEPTISOL OR P C F D Sol brun acide, Alsea OR; cf. Slides Nos. 30 & 31 08/15/63 53 INCEPTISOL OR M G D Solifluction nr.Alsea OR 08/15/63 54 INCEPTISOL ON C F D Brown podzolic nr. Dorset; n.b. L, F, and Ae horizons 05/15/61 55 SPODOSOL ON Mycorrhizal roots of white pine, x1.6 11/15/63 56 ALFISOL ON P C D Gray-brown podzolic under maple forest, nr. Claremont, n.b. Ah; C isa loamy till 10/15/63 57 ALFISOL ON P C D Profile of a Gray-Brown Podzolic in a calcareous till at Maple; n.b.mull Ah, dark portions in Ck are wormholes 09/15/64 58 ALFISOL ON HA B D Surface view of Mull (Ah) in late summer showing complete decomp. ofprevious year's litter; this is surface of Slide #58 09/15/64 59 ALFISOL ON HA B D Photo of earthworm in Mull(Ah) of Slides # 58 & 59; G-B podzolic at Maple in calcareous till 06/15/64 60 SPODOSOL ON P C F D Profile in waterlaid sands at Dorset under conifer(w.pine+hdwds); see Slides # 62,63,64,65 & 66 for details of horizons 05/15/62 61 SPODOSOL ON HFM BSP F D Photo of F layer showing fungal mycelia; profile in Slide # 61 05/15/62 62 SPODOSOL ON HF S D Photo of forest floor(L,F,H,) and Ae of profile in Slide # 61 05/15/62 63 SPODOSOL ON HAM C Photo of Ae in profile in Slide # 61; n.b. dominancy of silica grainillustrating weathering and removal, i.e. eluviation 05/15/62 64 SPODOSOL ON HBM C Photo of Bf horizon in profile Slide # 61; n.b. iron colouration andthe fine particles coating the larger grains, i.e. illuviation 05/15/62 65 SPODOSOL ON HCM CM Photo of C horizon (waterlaid)in profile Slide # 61; n.b. individualminerals e.g. silica, feldspar and biotite 05/15/62 66 ALFISOL ON HF T WN D Photo at Vivian of residual old white pine stump on deep sands that eroded after clearing for agriculture in mid 1800's. Pine were app. 200+yrs and came in on old indian fields 06/15/58 67 SPODOSOL ON P C HC D Profile in silt loam at Kirkwood; n.b. plow layer and resulting disturbance in Ae 08/15/62 68 SPODOSOL ON HAM C Close-up(x20) of Ae in profile at Kirkwood Slide # 68 08/15/62 69 SPODOSOL ON HBM Photo of close-up of Bf in profile Slide # 68 at Kirkwood 08/15/62 70 ENTISOL WA P C HC D Profile in central WA (Horse Heaven Hills), n.b. light brown colour with little horizon differentiation; wheat yield 10 bu/ac 09/15/63 71 ENTISOL OR HC C E D Photo of the boundary between two ages of pumice deposit in Oregon from My. Mazama(Crater Lake, ca.1500yrs); lower dark pumice is B 08/15/63 72 ENTISOL OR P C E D Profile in coarse loamy sand (pumice) at Antelope Tree Farm of Weyerhaeuser; Lapine series;n.b. lower buried old B see Slide # 72 08/15/63 73 ENTISOL OR P C G D Photo of upper profile in coarse loamy sand(pumice) at Antelope TreeFarm; Lapine Series. cf. Slides # 72 & 73 08/15/63 74 SPODOSOL PQ P HB F D Well-developed Bh under Balsm fir in central Quebec;humus has formeda firm `pan' 05/15/57 75 INCEPTISOL ON F T Cumulative texture curves for profile Slide # 21 horizons 07/15/63 76 SPODOSOL ON F T Cumulative texture curve for profile Slide # 27 06/15/63 77 ALFISOL ON P C D Photo of root system of red pine in calcareous wl sand at Vivian; n.b. note Ca carbonate accumulations in lower soil these developed around old roots cf.Slide # 79 06/15/57 78 P BSY horizon of buried profile. n.b. gopher hole ALFISOL ON HB C D B horizon developed around successive root channels in calcareous sands at Vivian; n.b. water laid sand in C 06/15/57 79 ARIDISOL OR P C D Photo of regosol under sage brush in central Oregon 08/15/63 80 INCEPTISOL AL P C D Orthic alpine brown soil. Slide from Can. Dep. Agric SPODOSOL AL P C D Podzol developed in brown wooded an example of a bisequum; photo MOLLISOL AL P S D Grumic dark brown n.b. structure of soil. Photo Can. dep. Agric. 83 ARIDISOL AL P C D Calcareous brown soil under grass. Photo Can.Dep.Agric. 84 ALFISOL ON P S D Gray-brown podzolic in till; N.B. nut structure of B horizon. Photo Can. Dep. Agric. 85 ALFISOL ON P C D Gray-Brown Podzolic in clay; N.B. drainage impeded and some gleying but not very visible; photo Can. Dep.Agric. 86 ALFISOL ON P C D Gray-Brown Podzolic in sandy loam; N.B. greater intensity of colour than if in clay loam. Photo Can.Dep.Agric 87 INCEPTISOL PQ P C Profile of an orthic gleysol; N.B. colours associated with gleying blue-grey, yellow-brown. Photo Can.Dep. Agric. 88 ALFISOL AL P C D Profile of an acid brown wooded. photo can Dep.Agric. 89 ENTISOL PQ P M D Carbonated rego-humic gleysol; Photo Can. dep. Agric. 90 SPODOSOL PQ P M D Humic podzol; N.B. intense Ae and dark colour of Bg due to humus andiron. Photo Can. Dep. Agric 91 SPODOSOL PQ P C D Orthic podzol in sandy loam; N.B. intensity of horizon colouration and on left upper the Ae/H a sign of windthrow. 92 ALFISOL AL P C D Podzol developing in uppeer horizon of acid brown wooded. Photo Can. Dep. agric. 93 INCEPTISOL PQ P M D Orthic humic gleysol. Photo Can.Dep.Agric 94 ALFISOL AL P C D Orthic Gray Wooded in sandy loam. Photo Can.Dep. Agric. 95 INCEPTISOL AL P C D Orthic alpine brown. Photo Can. Dep. Agric. 96 INCEPTISOL PQ P C D orthic gleysol. Photo Can.Dep. Agric. 97 INCEPTISOL AL P M D Gleyed orthic alpine brown. Photo Can. Dep. Agric. P C D Cutanic i.e. some modification in microstructure, podzo-regosol. D Many waterlaid depositions; N.B. distribution of roots and Forest Floor development. Photo Can.Dep.Agric. 100 D Cryic orthic brown wooded. Photo Can. Dep.Agric. 101 ENTISOL ENTISOL ON P M INCEPTISOL AL P C WN WT 81 from can. Dep. agric. 82 98 Photo Can.Dep. Agric. 99 �ORDER Type LOCATION PROPERTYDISTURBDEPTH DESCRIPTION DATE calcareous material. Photo Can Dep. Agric. used in KAA's soil text No. ALFISOL AL P C D Bisequum of a podzol developing in a gray brown podzolic in a ALFISOL AL P C D Bisequum of a podzol developing in a gray wooded; N.B. the lower B of the gray wooded above a darker brown C(/). Photo Can.Dep.Agric. 103 102 ARIDISOL SA P S D Black solonetz, N.B. structure of columnar B and rounded tops. PhotoCan.Dep.Agric. 104 ALFISOL AL P C D Bisequum of podzol developing in gray wooded. Photo Can.Dep. Agric. 105 SPODOSOL PQ P M D Humic eluviated gleysol. Photo Can.Dep. Agric. 106 SPODOSOL PQ P C D Bisequum of a well-developed podzol in a gray brown podzolic (?acid)Photo can. Dep. Agric. 107 ALFISOL AL P C D Orhtic acid brown wooded, N.B. little differentiation in colour 108 INCEPTISOL BC P S D Concretionary brown soil under Douglas fir i.e. `shot' soil. Photo Can. Dep. Agric. 109 SPODOSOL PQ P M D Gleyed podzol Lac Ste. Jean. Photo Can. Dep. Agric. 110 INCEPTISOL ON P C D Orthic brown forest. Photo Can.Dep.Agric. 111 SPODOSOL PQ P S D Ortstein i.e. iron pan in a podzol due to impeded drainage. Photo Can.Dep. Agric. 112 INCEPTISOL BC P S D Concretionary brown i.e. `shot' soil under conifers. Photo Can. Dep. Agric. 113 SPODOSOL PQ P C D Humic podzol showing intense colouration of Bh. Photo Can. Dep. Agric. 114 INCEPTISOL AL P M D Gleyed alpine brown; N.B. humic A horizon. Photo Can.Dep.Agric. 115 OXISOL KENYA P C D Soil pit near Diraja; n.b. depth f weathering; slide by Lloyd 116 OXISOL KENYA ARIDISOL KENYA ALFISOL Photo Can. Dep. Agric. Burridge B I Termite mound in Kenya; slide by Lloyd Burridge L V HC Vegetation on solodized sites near Galole, at end of irrigation AL P C D Bisequum in a calcareous material;n.b upper podzolic Bf and the und-ulating lower B; cover white spruce & lodgepole pine 03/15/75 119 ULTISOL NC P C D Plinthic paleudult in loamy south central North Carolina(Sandhills) 07/15/68 120 ULTISOL NC P C D Plinthic paleudult showing rooting of Loblolly pine(P.taeda) near Sandhills in South central NC 07/15/68 121 ULTISOL NC P C D Arenic paleudult with clay lenses(plastic) 07/15/68 122 ULTISOL NC P S D Arenic paleudult nr. Sandhills NC, under Loblolly pine(P.taeda); 07/15/68 123 ULTISOL NC P HA E D Typic hapludult, Cecil fsl; non-eroded phase; cf. Slide # 125 for the eroded phase; in Schenk Forest 07/15/68 124 ULTISOL NC P HA E D Typic hapludult, Cecil fsl, eroded phase, cf. Slide # 124; in SchenkForest 07/15/68 125 ULTISOL NC HA C D View of Ah in Hernden silt loam in Duke Forest under oak, hickory & tulip; n.b. colour and degree of mineralization 07/15/68 126 ULTISOL NC P C D Typic hapludult under oak, hickory & tulip in Duke Forest, cf Slide # 126 for close-up of Ah 07/15/68 127 ENTISOL NC P C D Quartzic psamment in the Sandhills; n.b. colour difference with 07/15/68 128 ENTISOL NC L B Stump of Loblolly pine(P.taeda) two years after thinning growing in a quartzic psamment(sand); stump hollowed out by termites 07/15/68 129 07/15/68 130 07/15/68 131 I 117 system; slide by lloyd Burridge 118 n.b. clay lenses difference in moisture, & lack of horizon differentiation ENTISOL NC P C D Profile of a quartzic psamment in Sandhills ULTISOL NC P C D Typic hapludult, Durham loamy sand derived from weathering of ULTISOL NC P M D Poor drainage in a typic hapludult, Duke Forest 07/15/68 132 NF L S Frost polygons in central Newfoundland; person is Bob Van Nostrand of Canadian Forestry Service, St.John's Nfld 09/15/68 133 INCEPTISOL ON P C S/B Poorly developed Podzol in ablation till(granite gneiss) over bedrock at Dorset, n.b. dark B and roots 05/15/69 134 ENTISOL ON P S F S/B Very thin materials over fractured granite gneiss bedrock nr.Dorset,n.b. soil/root occurrence in openings 05/15/69 135 ENTISOL ON P C F S/B Note intensity of rooting in this very shallow over granite gneiss bedrock 05/15/68 136 INCEPTISOL ON P C WN D Evidence of perturbation due to windthrow after fire under a white pine stump in till nr. Dorset 05/15/59 137 ON HAM T Closeup to show quartz and feldspar particles from the Ae of 03/15/62 138 ENTISOL OR P T D Roots of young poderosa pine in pumice soil(1500 yrs ago) n.b. the two-tiered root system 09/15/63 139 ALFISOL ON P C D Grey-brown podzolic in a clay loam ubder maple,beech,ash at the 09/15/69 140 ALFISOL ON HB S 04/15/59 141 ALFISOL ON HB S Clay illuvation in Bt of Grey-brown podzolic nr. Maple; N.B. the 04/15/59 142 ALFISOL ON HB M Gleying in the lower part of a grey-brown podzolic nr. Maple 04/15/59 143 SPODOSOL ON HF FF F Surface after an August fire in a jack pine cutover, Burt Twp in thePlonski Forest, Swastika;N.B. intensity of burning to mineral soil due to slash fuel; cf.Slide # 145 09/15/68 144 SPODOSOL ON HF FF F Surface after an August fire in a jack pine cutover in Burt Twp. of Plonski Forest, Swastika; n.b. some exposure of mineral soil and theevidence of surface erosion by lining up of fine twigs 09/15/68 145 INCEPTISOL ON HF FF F Forest floor under maple after a Spring(April) prescribed burn; n.b.only partial removal, floor remains intact;cf. #144 & 145 04/15/59 146 ULTISOL NC P C 02/15/69 147 ULTISOL NC HB C SPODOSOL ON P C SPODOSOL ON P S A ALFISOL ON P C ALFISOL ON B C granite Podzol profile in the Kirkwood Forest, nr Thessalon Dunlap Observatory, Richmond Hill; photo used in KAA text Clay illuviation in Bt of a grey-brown podzolic nr. maple D biotite mineral Plinthic paleudult, n.b. the paleogley in the upper portion of the profile(very ancient,i.e. 1+m yrs); forest is Longleaf pine, P.palustris in Sandhills, N.C. Closeup of the paleogley in the plinthic paleudult in the Sandhills N.C. under Longleaf pine; cf Slide # 146 02/15/69 148 D Buried podzol under peat in Dunmore Twp, Plonski Forest nr. SwastikaChang in drainage was sudden and caused by a beaver dam located in the bog down from where photo was taken 07/15/70 149 Closeup of buried profile under peat in Dunmore Twp. Plonski Forest,Swastika;for cause see slide # 149. n.b. weak colour of Bf and the structure of the peat with remains of tree roots 09/15/70 150 HC D Bisequum in sandy loam at Glen Williams; was site of indian bonepit,n.b lower Bf above calcareous sand; plow layer at top; see slide 09/15/69 151 HA D Tongues of Bf horizon excavated at bone pit site Glen Williams, 06/15/69 152 A cf. slide # 151 # 152 �ORDER Type LOCATION PROPERTYDISTURBDEPTH DATE No. NB P C INCEPTISOL ON P C TN L SY Aerial view of a rural area in Hawkins Co., Tennessee; area is app. 1.5x1mile; phot prior to being mapped cf.Slide # 156 TN L SY Area in hawkins Co. Tennessee which has been typed for soil survey n.b. differnet intensity of cleared areas compared with forested ON F SY Map of the soil associations of Ontario; see slides # 158 & 159 for closeups of two areas in this map 01/15/65 157 ON F SY Closeup of slide # 157 to show soils in Toronto region; n.b. yellow is interlobate(Oak ridges)moraine, blue are clay tills, brown are also tills of coarser texture 01/15/65 158 Closeup of the Simcoe Co. area in Slide # 157 to show soil variation 01/15/65 159 ON F SY ENTISOL ON P S ALFISOL ON P C ALFISOL ON HF ALFISOL ON HA ALFISOL ON P C ALFISOL ON BF S ALFISOL ON P C ALFISOL ON P ALFISOL ON ALFISOL ALFISOL F DESCRIPTION SPODOSOL SB 09/15/69 153 Acid brown soil at Dorset to show roots of Hard maple in a dump tillove rgranite gneiss bedrock 04/15/58 154 155 ones 156 D Bedded alluvial deposits overlain by clay(till?); location unknown D II yr UT students examining soil profile in interlobate sands nr. Maple 09/15/69 161 V General view of forest floor under maple at Dunlap Observatory, 09/15/69 162 B Microtus hole in the Ah of the profile at the Dunlap Observatory, Richmond Hill; cf. slides # 140, 162 09/15/69 163 D Profile of soil in sandy loam at Glen Williams where bone pit excavations were made; n.b.plow layer and power Bf see slides # 151-153 & 165-169 09/15/69 164 Closeup of iron lines and deposition of organic matter in an old 09/15/69 165 HC D Current plow layer in sands over gravel at Glen Williams bone pit site 09/15/69 166 S WN D View of windblown sand structure at the Glen Williams site; cf. 09/15/69 167 P C HC D Windblown deposits at Glen Williams to show both current upper plow layer and a buried plow layer covered by windblown sand. cf. # 152 & 164 09/15/69 168 ON HB S Bt horizon of gravelly clay in Glen Williams profile cf. Slide #166 clay is illuviated, gravel is calcareous 09/15/69 169 ON HA FF Surface of Ah (mull) before fall's leaf litter at Glen Williams, 09/15/69 170 ON L T Lookin north from Bayview Ave & Hwy#7 (Toronto) across bevelled tillclay plain to the sand/gravel of the interlobate(Oak Ridges) moraine 07/15/69 171 ALFISOL ON P M Gleyed grey-brown podzolic at Hwy # 7 and Bayview Ave 06/15/68 172 ALFISOL ON P C upper part of profile in gleyed G-B podzolic at Hwy # 7 and Bayview cf. # 171 & 172 06/15/68 173 ALFISOL ON HA S Joint planes in clay of Ae horizon G-B podzolic at Hwy # 7 & Bayviewpit cf. slide # 172 06/15/69 174 ALFISOL ON HCM S Thinsection x200of calcareous sandstone in the C horizon, n.b. the quartz grain and calcareous material from profile slide # 172 & 173 10/15/68 175 ALFISOL ON HAM S Thin section x200 of weathered shale on Ae of Profile in slide #172 10/15/68 176 ALFISOL ON HAM S Thin section in Ae to show cleaved biotite;from pi slide # 172 10/15/68 177 ALFISOL ON HAM S Thin section x200 in Ae to show sesquioxide nodule, voids are light coloured. from pit Slide # 172 10/15/68 178 ALFISOL ON HBM S Thin section x200, showing striated neo cutans in Bt of profile 10/15/68 179 ALFISOL ON HBM S Thin section x200; meta vugh orientated neo cutan, in Bt; n.b. blackvoid & to right of it is microcline particle. from pit slide #172 10/15/68 180 ALFISOL ON HBM S Thin section x200 showingexfoliated cutan and quartz grain intruded by clay. in Bt profile in slide # 172 10/15/68 181 ALFISOL ON HCM S Thin section in C horizon to show calcareous matrix; from profile inslide # 172 10/15/68 182 ALFISOL ON HCM S Thin section x200 to show orietated neo cutans from profile slide172 10/15/68 183 ALFISOL ON P C Profile of mod.w.drained G-B podzolic; Hwy #7 and Bayview Ave in 06/15/68 184 ALFISOL ON HB M Mottles(gley) in Btjg of profile slide #184 06/15/68 185 ALFISOL ON HAM Thin section of Ae in slide #184; x200; shows quartz, microcline & biotite 10/15/68 186 ALFISOL ON HAM Low power mounting of grains showing red garnet, violet garnet & 10/15/68 187 ALFISOL ON HAM 10/15/68 188 ALFISOL ON HAM Thin section of Ah in slide #140; showing same as in slide #188, x200 but in ordinary light 10/15/68 189 ALFISOL ON HAM Thin section (x200) of Ah in slide #140, showing weathering of biotite in an organic matrix 10/15/68 190 ALFISOL ON HAM Thin section (x400) in Ae of slide #140, showing clay matrix cuttingacross a piece of hornblende 10/15/68 191 ALFISOL ON HAM Thin section (x400) of a sesquioxidic nodule in Ae of slide #140; ordinary light 10/15/68 192 ALFISOL ON HAM Thin section (x200) in Ae of slide #140 showing minerals such as 10/15/68 193 ALFISOL ON HAM Thin section (x200) of Ae in slide #140 showing ferroargillaceous nodule 10/15/68 194 ALFISOL ON HBM Thin section(x200) of BC in slide #140 showing a calcareous nodule and note the surrounding cutans 10/15/68 195 ALFISOL ON HCM Thin section (x200) showing secondary carbonate deposition in the C of slide #140 10/15/68 196 ALFISOL ON HAM Thin section in the Aej showing plasmic fabric 10/15/68 197 ALFISOL ON HAM Thin section (x200) showing neo-cutan in a channel; white areas are pores 10/15/68 198 ALFISOL ON HAM Thin section same as #198, but with different light; dark areas are pores 10/15/68 199 ALFISOL ON HBM Thin section (x200) showing calcareous nodule in a ferro-argillaceous matrix; black areas are voids 10/15/68 200 ALFISOL ON HBM Thin section (x200) in Bt showing neo cutans 10/15/68 201 ALFISOL ON HBM This section same as slide #201, but with xNicol; other was in 10/15/68 202 ALFISOL ON HA 10/15/68 203 P S WT Podzol developed in stony till, Miramichi; n.b. dense root mat in the Forest floor 160 Richmond Hill. cf. Slide #140 root/worm channel; profile of slides #151 & 164 slides # 151 & 164 under hardwoods, adjacent to profile in Slide #152 slide # 172 Toronto amphibolite. Thin section of Ah in slide # 140 showing root channel; x200 quartz and feldspars ordinary light Crumb structure of Ah in profile of slide #140, at Dunlap Observ. at Richmond Hill woodlot �ORDER Type LOCATION PROPERTYDISTURBDEPTH DESCRIPTION DATE No. ALFISOL ON HB S Blocky structure in the Bt of the profile in slide #140; n.b. the ped , the pores and the argillaceous coating on the ped 10/15/68 204 INCEPTISOL BC HB S Iron concretions (Bfcc) in a Douglas fir soil on Vancouver Island 10/15/70 205 ALFISOL ON HB S Blocky, angular structure in the B of Slide #140 at Dunlap Observ. Richmond Hill 10/15/70 206 ALFISOL ON L Winter and snow cover at the Dunlap Observatory, Richmond Hill 02/15/70 207 ALFISOL ON L Same location as slide #207, but in March as snow is melting n.b. the litter layer of the forest floor 03/15/70 208 ALFISOL ON HF S View of same location as slides # 207 and 208 showing litter after snow has gone, n.b. the curling of the leaves and the exposure of of the surface of the Ah 04/15/70 209 SPODOSOL ON BSY Nodules of Comptonia peregrina N-fixing 06/15/69 210 AUS SPODOSOL ON SPODOSOL ON SPODOSOL ON SPODOSOL BPA the location of profile in slide #140 Mycelium of Phytophthora cinnamomi in W. Australia 211 BSY Comptonia peregrina plant in Plonski Forest; this is the plant whichhad the nodules shown in slide #210 10/15/70 212 HF BSY Nodules on roots of Alnus glutinosa from Dorset area; x10 05/15/70 213 HF BSY Nodules from roots of Alnus glutinosa in Dorset area; n.b. scale 05/15/70 214 ON HF BSY Cross-section of nodule on Alnus glandulosa showing infected 05/15/70 215 SPODOSOL ON HF BSY Microsection of Alnus nodule to show the infected cortical cells; n.b. the mycelia of the actinomycete which terminate in the vesiclescf. slides # 213-217 05/15/70 216 SPODOSOL ON HF BSY Microsection of the cortical cells of an Alnus nodule to show the vesicles (stained red) within the cell which are thought to be the site of Nitrogen fixation 05/15/70 217 NAF HF BSY Algal growth on soil surface which is fixing Nitrogen 05/15/70 218 INCEPTISOL ON P C Close-up of the L, H,, Ah, Bm horizons in a Dystric Brunisol at SPODOSOL ON P C SPODOSOL ON HC ALFISOL ON P ALFISOL ON P C ALFISOL ON HC B ALFISOL ON HB B D ALFISOL ON HA S SPODOSOL ON P C INCEPTISOL ON P INCEPTISOL ON INCEPTISOL cortical cells(actinomycetes?) stained red; central red tissue are the vascular elements Dorset 04/15/69 219 D Profile in a basal till (sandy loam) under mixed boreal forest; n.b.compaction lines in till; location Cairo Twp. in Plonski Forest nr. Swastika 06/15/70 220 S D Close-up of the basal till in slide #220, showing the "lenses" or lines of compaction in the till 05/15/70 221 C D Profile of an orthic gray brown luvisol;n.b. light colour area to right in Ah is due to dry soil; Located at Dunlap Observatory wdlot Richmond Hill; same profile as slide #223 10/15/70 222 D Sam profile as slide # 222, but from different angle; gray-brown 10/15/70 223 D Root channel just below Bt, in Ck; in profile of gray-brown luvisol slide # 222 & 223 10/15/70 224 Root in the Bt of gray-brown luvisol profile , slide #223 10/15/70 225 Ah of the profile in slide # 223; n.b. granular strucure and roots; a typical mull 10/15/70 226 D Windthrow in a till(sandy loam) at Dorset under w.pine; n.b. inversion of horizon; windthrow was after forest fire; intensity of heat in burning root shown by firing at right.Monolith at U.T.fa 05/15/68 227 C D Profile of a eutric brunisol in lacustrine silt loam with Ck; in 06/15/70 228 P C D Showing L, H, Bm horizons of profile in slide # 228, in Burt Twp. Plonski Forest, nr. swastika 06/15/70 229 ON HB S D Platy structure in silt loam in Bm merging into C; close-up of soil profile in slide # 228 06/15/70 230 INCEPTISOL ON HC S D Extracted portion of C to show laminations in silt loam, roots and gleying; this is from profile in slide # 228 06/15/70 231 INCEPTISOL ON P B D Root system of Acer saccharum(sugar maple) in sandy loam till; 04/15/73 232 ALFISOL ON HA S Surface view of Ah (mull) in gray-brown luvisol at Dulap ObservatoryRichmond Hill; cf. slides # 223 & 226 06/15/70 233 ALFISOL ON P C D View of Foestry Soils class, Sept. 1970 II yr students in their 09/15/70 234 INCEPTISOL ON P S D Ablation(dump) till of loamy sand over a basal till of sandy loam, which is compacted; n.b. roots mainly in the upper loose dump till 04/15/70 235 ALFISOL ON P C D Gray-wooded luvisol in Truax Twp., Plonski Forest nr. Swastika; in silty clay; n.b. Ah 05/15/70 236 INCEPTISOL ON HA S Close-up of H,Ah-Ae of gray-wooded luvisol in slide # 236; n.b. 06/15/70 237 SPODOSOL ON P C 05/15/70 238 SPODOSOL ON L SPODOSOL ON P SPODOSOL ON L SPODOSOL ON P C SPODOSOL ON P C SPODOSOL ON BP S F WN F Burt Twp. Plonski Forest, nr. Swastika dystric brunisol(despite Ae!); tree approx. 85yrs old; n.b. "tight" root system field work at Dunlap Observatory. roots and lack of F. D Profile of a podsol in medium-coarse sand; davison Twp. Plonski D Podsol profile in dump loamy till Truax Twp. Plonski Forest; see Forest of poplar & w.spruce after fire(50 yrs); location of profile in slide # 242 05/15/70 241 F D Profile of weak podsol in fine sand over a silt loam; after fire 50 yrs ago; cf slide # 240 for landscape; Truax Twp. Plonski Forest 05/15/70 242 F D Podsol profile in a deep medium/fine sand; Dunmore Twp. Plonski 05/15/70 243 D Bisequum of sandly loam/silty clay/silt loam; n.b. Bt of a gray-wdedluvisol; Truax Twp. Plonski Forest nr Swastika 05/15/70 244 05/15/71 246 F C luvisol F Forest, nr.Swastika;n.b. relatib=ve lack of intensity of profile General view of area 30 yrs after fire; soil material is a washed, loamy till; see slide # 240 for profile; located in Truax Twp., F F development due to coarse texture Plonski Forest slide # 239 for vegetation Forest nr. Swastika; under jack pine & poplar; n.b. shallowness of the profile 05/15/70 239 05/15/70 240 World wide distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi SPODOSOL ON P C ULTISOL AUS P C ULTISOL AUS L C ULTISOL AUS L ULTISOL AUS ULTISOL AUS ULTISOL ULTISOL ULTISOL WN 245 D Disturbed podsol in the Plonski Forest due to windthrow after fire D general view of a laterite in Western Australia; slide by S.R.Shea 247 Jarrah forest (Eucalyptus marginata) on laterite in Western Australia. slide by S.R.Shea 248 Young Jarrah(Eucalyptus marginata) in western Australia; slide by S.R.Shea 249 BSP photo of "black boy", Zanthoraceae pressii which is susceptible to Phytophthora cinnamomi and therefore spreads the disease 250 L BPA Eucalyptus marginata killed by P.cinnamomi, n.b. blackboys, dead & alive in centre of photo 251 AUS L BPA Dead Eucalyptus marginata(jarrah) on coast in western Australia due to Phytophthora cinnamomi; photo by S.R.Shea 252 AUS L BPA Typical dieback in jarrah due to Phytphthora cinnamomi; photo by S. R.Shea 253 AUS L BPA Killed forest of Jarrah from Phytophthora cinnamomi; photo by S.R. Shea 254 �ORDER Type LOCATION PROPERTYDISTURBDEPTH DESCRIPTION DATE No. ULTISOL AUS L BPA Eucalyptus calophylla, alive but remaining forest of Jarrah killed by Phytophthora cinnamomi; photo S.R.Shea 255 ULTISOL AUS L BPA Nature reserve on coastal plain in western Australia; vegetation 256 ULTISOL AUS HF BPA Mycelium of Phytophthora cinnamomi (x100) 257 ULTISOL AUS HF BPA Mycelium and sporangia of Phytopphthora cinnamomi (x400) 258 ULTISOL AUS HF BPA Oospore of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Banksia grandis 259 ULTISOL AUS BPA Plate cultivation of Phytophthora cinnamomi from jarrah; photo by Zentmyer 260 AUS BPA Blue lupin culture grown in Banksia trays(infected with P.cinnamomi)see Newhook article 261 AUS BPA Culture of Banksia grandis with infected area of Phytophthora cinn. in the centre 262 AUS BPA Pot trial of Banksia grandis in soil infected with Phytophthora cinn; n.b. dead seedlings 263 F Slide listing types of diagnostic relationships used in nutritional studies 264 F Relationship between growth and Nitrogen supply and N concentration to illustrate "deficiency" & "luxury consumption" 265 F Changes in nutrient concentration ( N & K) in relation to seedling size 266 F Changes in nutrient concentration with plant size to show the 267 F Seedling growth plotted against Nitorgen concentration to show a F Growth of seedlings at three fertility levels and four seedbed F Tabular data for the graphs shown in Slide # 269 of seedling size inrelation to three fertility levels and four densities 270 F Suggested "objectives" in relation to fertility considerations 271 F Graph showing relationship between growth and Nitrogen content in plantation trees over rotation; data of Switzer, Smith & Nelson 272 F Nitrogen cycling in Pinus taeda(Loblolly pine) 273 F Nutrient cycling in Oak NY L General view of Pack Forest at Warrensburg, N.Y. site of the first nutrient trials of Heiberg 08/15/65 275 NY L NY P C NY HC R NY INCEPTISOL largfely killed by Phytophthora cinnammomi; photo by S.R.Shea Steenjberg effect linear relationship 268 densities to show interrelationships 269 274 View of 30yr old redpine plantation in early June 1965 08/15/65 276 D Hinckley Series sandy loam in outwash. Typical profile at Pack Forest, site of Heiberg's trials 08/15/65 277 D Red pine plantation root deep in C horizon in old root channel cf. with root slides 08/15/65 278 L View of white spruce plantations at Warrensburg; background 08/15/65 279 NY L Dr. H. Lowenstein in 25yr.old red pine of Heiberg's trial. This is the humus series control plot at Warrensburg 08/15/60 280 NY L Dr. Howard Lowenstein in Heiberg's 25 yr.old red pine in which in 1935 Heiberg dug in 2ins. on humus into the soil before planting 08/15/60 281 NY L Red pine 30 yrs.old at Warrensburg, left is untreated control; rightwas treated with K @ 200lb/ac when stand was 15yrs 08/15/60 282 NY L Untreated red pine plantation, 35yrs. old, planted at 1.5x1.5m 08/15/65 283 NY L Red pine plantation 35 yrs. old treated with K @ 200lb/ac. at age 20cf. with #283 and note much less light on forest floor due to denserfoliage 08/15/65 284 HC NY View of branch of deficient white pine. Treated in May with K 08/15/65 285 Spodsol in clay loam, under full hardwood(maple etc) at Camp #2 of J.D.Irving at Black Brook. N.B. disturbed Ae on right most likely from windthrow 06/15/73 286 D Humoferric podzol at Montmorency in dump till over basal till. Underconifer(ABb mainly) 09/15/73 287 D Humoferric podzol at Montmorency showing irregular Ae and evidence of windhrow on right. Stand is balsam fir 08/15/73 288 WN D General view of humoferric podzol in dump/basal till. N.B. nature of Ae, Bh and the effect of the boulder; also windthrow perturbationon left 08/15/73 289 C WN D General view of perturbation due to windthrow in humoferric podzol under balsam fir at Montmorency 08/15/73 290 C WN D Closer view of windthrow perturbation at Montmorency. N.B. Inversionof Ae & Bh on left 08/15/73 291 C D Humoferric podzol at Lac Jacques Cartier. LFH-16cm; Ae-10cm; Bfhc; Bfc: Bfi. This phot was used in the Armson Forest Soils text 08/15/73 292 P C D View of orthic humoferric podzol at Lac Jacques Cartier. Rod divis-ions in decimetres. N.B. Brown soil at bottom of phot is Bf that has fallen down - ignore 09/15/73 293 P C D 294 NB P T SPODOSL PQ P C SPODOSOL PQ P C WN SPODOSOL PQ P C SPODOSOL PQ P SPODOSOL PQ P SPODOSOL PQ P SPODOSOL PQ SPODOSOL PQ ON SPODOSOL ON at Warrensburg D SPODOSOL SPODOSOL fertilized with K@200lb/ac. foreground - untreated P T P T WN D WN D F fertilizer, photo in October. N.B.size and colour of current vs. lastyear's foliage Humoferric podzol at Lac Jacques Cartier showing profile and with the forest floor pulled back to show how the root mat holds it to- gether 09/15/73 Soil moisture measuring equipment. L>R: tensiometer; gypsum blocks for electrical resistance; sampler; tensiometer & case 10/15/73 295 Wind blown fine sand over waterlaid, ferric podzol at Plonski ForestBurt Twp. N.B. fine layering 09/15/73 296 Fine windblown sand over waterlaid. Burt Twp. Plonski Forest. N.B. disturbed Ae due to windthrow 09/15/73 297 Graph showing change in available phosphorus with increase in pH 10/15/73 298 values. Data from set of trials at Glendon Hall, UofT 1973 SPODOSOL ON P C D Weak ferric profile in sandy loam till Algonquin Park, under hemlock 09/15/73 299 SPODOSOL NB P C D Orthic humoferric podzol at JD irvirg, Black Brook. N.B. irregular Ae 06/15/74 300 SPODOSOL NB P C D Orthic humoferric podzol in till at J.D. Irving, Black Brook. N.B. irregular Ae lower boundary 06/15/74 301 SPODOSOL FRANCE P C HC D Podzol after disturbance near Poitiers. Disturbance in heathland profile from cultivation 12/15/73 302 INCEPTISOL FRANCE P C HC D Sol brun acide in heathland soil that has been cultivated. N.B. the plow layer and a root channel. Near Razes 12/15/73 30 SPODOSOL ON P C WN D Orthic ferropodzol in windblown sand at Plonski Forest Burt Twp. N.Bperturbation on left side Stand was fire origin jack pine 09/15/75 304 BC F Portion of soil map for SE Vancouver Island 04/15/74 305 �ORDER SPODOSOL ENTISOL Type LOCATION PROPERTYDISTURBDEPTH DESCRIPTION DATE No. BC F Closeup of soil map for part of SE Vancouver Isld.cf.305 04/15/74 ON F Soil map for part of Plonski Forest(EMU) in NE Ontario. Mapped in 1970 at scale of 1:15,840. cf #308 for FRI of same area 04/15/74 307 ON F FRI cover type map for portion of Plonski(EMU) Forest for same areaas covered by #307 in soil survey map 04/15/74 308 ON F BC P S 306 Map with overlay of FRI cover types and soil types for portion of Plonski Forest(EMU) in NE Ontario, cf. #307 & 308 04/15/74 309 D Brown podzolic under Douglas fir, nr. Campbell River. N.B. upper fine sandly loam over coarse gravel. e.g. fine/coarse 06/15/74 310 Flagstaff AR. N.B. lack of horizon differentiation AR P C D Fine sandy loam under ponderosa pine, Coconino National Forest, 11/15/74 311 NT L S CR D Black spruce on soil subject to cryoturbation. Photo by S. Zoltai 12/15/74 312 SPODOSOL NT P S CR D ross-section through a hummock of a Cryorthod. N.B. Ah layer under hummock and ice wedge 12/15/74 313 SPODOSOL BC P S WN D Disturbed podzol Dewdney PSYU, nr. Chilliwack. under Doug fir at 06/15/75 314 ULTISOL NIGERIA P S D sandy-silt alluvial well-drained soil. N.B. strata Phot of Roger 01/15/75 315 MOLLISOL NIGERIA P C D Soil under woodland developed in gneiss, imperfectly drained. Photo Roger Pitblado 01/15/75 316 MOLLISOL NIGERIA P S D Profile in well-drained gneiss material. Photo Roger Pitblado 01/15/75 317 ULTISOL NIGERIA P C D Well-developed profile impefectly drained. Photo Roger Pitblado 01/15/75 318 ULTISOL NIGERIA P C D Profile in well-drained sandy alluvial material, under Sisal. Photo Roger Pitblado 01/15/75 319 MOLLISOL NIGERIA P S D Profile in sandy clay alluvium, imperfectly drained; under wooded grassland. Photo Roger Pitblado 01/15/75 320 MOLLISOL NIGERIA L FF D Surface view of #320 to show cracks as a result of drying in clay soil, also surface vegetation 01/15/75 321 MOLLISOL NIGERIA L S D Surface of # 320 with no vegetation to show major cracks in clay 01/15/75 322 ULTISOL NIGERIA P C D sandy well-drained under woodland. Photo Roger Pitblado 01/15/75 323 ULTISOL NIGERIA P C D Profile in weathered gneissic drift, under bush. 01/15/75 324 INCEPTISOL NIGERIA P S D Poorly drained recent alluvial under sugar cane. 01/15/75 325 MOLLISOL NIGERIA P S D Alluvial sandy clay, poorly drained. Photo Roger Pitblado 01/15/75 326 ULTISOL NIGERIA P C D Wel-drained under wooded grassland in gneissic drift. Photo Roger Pitblado 01/15/75 327 ULTISOL NIGERIA P C D Well-drained under woodland - Nguru series. Photo Roger Pitblado 01/15/75 328 LUVISOL ON P S D Profile under hardwood(mainly maple) showing Ah,Bt and Cca. Pit at Richmond Hill Observatory 11/15/78 329 LUVISOL ON P S D Profile under hardwood(Mainly maple) showing Ah;Bt; Cca. N.B. the structure of the Bt. Same as # 329. but different lighting 11/15/78 330 LUVISOL ON P S D General view of pit showing clay loam under hardwood. Same location as # 329 & 330. Richmond Hill Obseratory 11/15/78 331 ULTISOL ON HB S Closeup of structure in lower Bt/Cca showing prismatic-columnar 11/15/78 332 LUVISOL ON HC S Closeup view of weathering of pieceof gneiss in top of C horizon at the profiles in # 331 & 332 11/15/78 333 SPODOSOL ON P C Well-drained sandy loam, with Ah;Ae; Bf. under poplar and oak. Next to indian burial mound at Rainy River. 10/15/75 334 LUVISOL ON HF FF Surface of wooded soil(Hardwoods) in June after complete decompsition of previous year's litter. Woodlot nr. Wingham 06/15/76 335 ARIDISOL CA P C D Profile under brush. San Bernadino National Forest 11/15/77 336 ARIDISOL CA P C D Profile under brush same as # 336, but closer. N.B. lack of humus in upper layer and stones 11/15/77 337 SPODOSOL ON P S D Profile in dump till over basal till N.B. restriction of rooting. Under mixed wood in Haliburton 09/15/63 338 SPODSOL ON P S D Profile in dump till/basal till, under mixed wood. Haliburton. N.B. sharp boundary between tills and restriction of roots 09/15/63 339 ON HC S Boundary between dump till and basal till to show pressure lenses orlines in basal till. Same as # 338 & 339. nr. Haliburton 09/15/63 340 Profile in well-drained varved clays. LFH;Ae;B:C. Under 65yr.old 06/15/77 341 SPODOSOL ON P S ON P S ON P C SPODOSOL MN SPODOSOL BC S P S D D 3700ft. Due to windthrow after fire and colluvial movement Pitblado soil. Photo Roger Pitblado Phto Roger Pitblado Photo Roger Pitblado structure; also N.B. roots and rot channels black spruce(fire origin), stand net vol. 147cu.m.; mai 2.26cu.m/ha/yr. Nr. little Abitibi R. A-P Inc. Iroquois Falls Till over limestone boulders. Photo G.K.Rutherford HC 342 D Digging a soil pit in old agicultural land in eastern Ontario. BrianBarkley. N.B. plow layer. 06/15/79 343 D Profile in clay loam under white spruce and hardwood. N.B. platy 08/15/76 344 07/15/96 345 structure and limited depth of rooting. Pine Falls � https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/5b39f4c10c9b7cc4dee8b406722a6b11.pdf 3005dfe6db5cd20d791fbf8c02816ac9 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ken Armson fonds Subject The topic of the resource Forestry Description An account of the resource A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1995 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Soils slides, full listing Subject The topic of the resource Forest Products Industry Description An account of the resource A full listing of soils slides as part of the Ken Armson fonds; an explanation of the filing system of soils slides. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/584a32f74c01c0dfc4b35069cf09e3c2.pdf a9720617adde7564987b4c9b81d6d22d PDF Text Text FOREST TREE NURSERY SLIDES - Kenneth A. Armson R.P.F. LOCATION SPECIES AGE CLASS can.ont.thunder bay spruce white 2+2 ACTIVITY DATE 09/07/59 general view of transplant beds DESCRIPTION NO 1 can.ont.thunder bay spruce white 2+2 09/07/59 close-up of transplants in #1 2 can.ont.midhurst spruce white 2+2 white grub damage 07/05/60 general view of white grub damage 3 can.ont.orono pine red 2+2 nutrient deficiency 07/15/60 lime-induced chlorosis, general view 4 can.ont.orono pine red 2+0 transplanting 05/15/59 holland transplanter,close-up 5 can.ont.orono pine red 2+0 transplanting 05/15/59 holland transplanters, in pairs, generalview 6 can.ont.orono spruce white 3+0 nutrient deficiency - potassium 08/20/60 three seedlings - normal, two stages of potassium deficiency 7 can.ont.chapleau pine,jack 1+0 sawdust used in soil preparation 09/15/59 comparative growth of seedlings - large where no sawdust applied, small where heavy application made in soil preparation 8 can.ont.chapleau pine,jack 1+0 fall colouring 09/30/59 purple colouring in fall after frost in pine; a normal feature not to be confused with phosphorus deficiency can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 20 nutrient deficiency-nitrogen 08/15/57 nitrogen chlorosis showing as a "dished bed"in seedbeds 10 can.ont.chapleau pine,jack 2+0 9 general view 09/15/59 general view 11 can.ont.orono fertilization 06/15/60 dragon fertilization tank on irrigation system 12 can.ont.swastika irrigation 06/15/60 no.70 rainbirds irrigating seedbeds 13 seedbeds 06/09/58 germinating seedbeds, with shades from overwinter 14 soil treatment 09/15/59 peat application @ 100 cu.yds./ac. 15 nutrient deficiency 08/15/60 lime-induced chlorosis,healthy on right chlorotic on left 16 soil treatment 09/15/59 disking in the peat 17 1+0 seedbeds 04/15/54 germinating seedbeds, n.b. sides, rolled shades and straw mulch 18 can.ont thunderbay 1+0 can.ont.dryden can.ont.orono pine,red 2+2 can.ont.dryden can.ont.midhurst can.ont.st.williams spruce, white 2+0 transplanting 04/15/56 machine transplanted field 19 can.ont.st.williams pine,red 2+0 transplanting 05/15/56 holland 2-row transplanter 20 can.ont st.williams spruce,white 1+0 fertilizer trial 05/10/60 Expt.A.60-N-1 lot 41 nitrogen trial 21 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 nutrient deficiency, nitrogen 07/15/57 chlorosis and dishing in bed 22 can.ont.chapleau pine red 2+0 seedbeds 08/15/59 general view showing chlorosis on edge and high fertility in centre 23 can.ont.midhurst pine red 2+1 irrigation 06/15/58 irrigation gun 24 can.ont.orono spruce,white 3+0 nutrient deficiency, potassium 08/15/60 potassium deficiency,healthy and two degrees of chlorosis 25 can.ont.orono spruce,white 3+0 nutrient deficiency, potassium 08/15/60 seedbeds showing chlorosis from potassium deficiency 26 england,kennington,oxfordspruce,sitka 1+0 fertility trial 09/15/55 Forestry Commission fertility trials 27 mulch trials 09/15/54 Forestry mulch trials using grits of different sizes and colours 28 england,kennington,oxford can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 nutrient deficiency, phosphorus 08/04/60 phosphorus purpling in shoots of seedlings can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 fertilization trials 08/20/60 nitrogen fertilization trial A-60-N1,control on left, 100k/ha on 29 can.ont.orono pine, red 2+1 nutrient deficiency 08/15/60 lime-induced chlorosis 31 england,kennington,oxfordspruce,sitka 1+1 fertilization 09/15/55 trial using hopwaste 32 can.ont.orono pine,red 2+1 nutrient deficiency 08/20/60 lime-induced chlorosis 33 usa.mi.east lansing spruce,white 2+1 nutrient deficiency 09/15/58 nitrogen chlorosis in production beds 34 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 1+0 production beds 10/15/59 regular beds with new fertilization schedule 35 can.ont.midhurst hardwoods storage,heeling-in 04/15/54 normal storage 36 can.ont.orono pine,red 2+1 nutrient deficiency 08/15/60 potassium deficiency 37 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 transplanting 07/20/60 summer transplanted (july) seedlings 38 can.ont.chapleau spruce,white 2+0 can.ont.orono spruce,white 2+2 lifting 09/20/56 mechanical lifting,n.b.yellow chlorosis in shoots indicative of can.ont.midhurst spruce,white 2+0 seedlings in bed 05/15/53 general view of seedbeds n.b.healthy look of stock 41 can.ont.kemptville mulching 04/20/57 one of the first grit mulching trials in ontario 42 can.ont.chapleau green cropping 09/11/59 bitter blue lupin sown as a plow down green manure 43 can.ont.chapleau green crop 09/20/59 bitter blue lupin,close-up of #44 right 30 09/15/59 average seedlings extracted n.b.scale 39 potassium deficiency can.ont.chapleau pine,jack 1+0 sawdust added to soil 09/15/59 effect of heavy addition of sawdust on seedlings n.b. they are smallbut not chlorotic i.e. their growth rates have been slow from can.ont.chapleau pine, jack 1+0 40 44 germination 45 sawdust not added to soil 09/15/59 no sawdust added, n.b. large seedlings and green colour.cf#45 46 can.ont.orono acidification 09/15/60 acid injection system in pump house 47 can.ont.dryden peat preparation 09/15/59 shredding peat prior to application on the fields 48 can.ont.dryden peat application 09/15/59 disking in the shredded peat 49 can.ont.swastika clearing land 06/04/60 cleared land and windrowed slash 50 can.ont.midhurst pine,jack 2+0 defiency 09/15/60 lime-induced chlorosis 51 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 1+0 mulch 09/11/61 seedlings with mulch application after sowing(fall) 52 can.ont.st.williams covering seedbeds 05/10/61 manual operation of covering seedbeds 53 can.ont.st.williams mulching 05/10/61 mulching with straw by hand 54 can.ont.st.williams forming seedbeds 05/10/61 seedbeds for black locust sown in spring 55 transplanting 05/15/61 six-row transplanter 56 shade application 10/10/60 laying shades to hold the pine needle mulch on beds 57 can.ont.st.williams can.ont.swastika spruce,white 2+0 �LOCATION SPECIES AGE CLASS can.ont.st.williams ACTIVITY DATE DESCRIPTION NO seedbed preparation 05/15/60 rollng seedbeds by hand 58 can.ont.moonbeam spruce,white 2+1 transplants 08/20/61 erosion in transplant lines 59 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 transplanting 05/15/61 six-row transplanting machine 60 0 sowing seed 05/15/61 sowing seed by hand,demonstration 61 can.ont.st.williams can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 transplanting 05/15/61 yale board transplanting by hand 62 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 transplanting 05/15/61 yale board transplanting by hand 63 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 transplanting 05/15/61 filling yale board can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 transplanting 05/10/61 seedlings transplanted by the forestry class of 6T1, n.b. the can.ont.st.williams lifting 04/15/62 mechanical tree lifter 66 can.ont.st.williams seedbed preparation 04/15/62 rolling seedbeds 67 can.ont.st.williams transplanting 04/15/62 yale board 68 can.ont.st.williams sowing seed 04/15/62 sowing seed with a Gandy machine 69 fall purpling 04/15/62 difference between jackpine and red pine 70 forming and rolling seedbeds 04/15/62 old style forming of beds 71 disease,snow mold 05/15/62 snowmold in pine 72 can.ont.st.williams pine,jack can.ont.st.williams 0 64 seeedlings with the roots up! 65 can.ont.swastika pine, white can.ont.swastika pine white 3+0 disease 05/15/62 snowmold in seedbeds 73 can.ont.midhurst pine red 2+1 irrigation 06/15/63 large irrigation gun 74 buildings 09/15/59 pole barn 75 76 can.ont.dryden can.ont.midhurst pine,red 2+0 transplanting 05/15/60 newly transplanted field can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 transplants 07/20/60 newly summer transplanted seedlings acid injection system 08/15/61 first installation of an automated acid injection system in an can.ont.orono 77 Ontario nursery R.D.Carman main contributor 78 can.ont.chapleau spruce,white 2+0 mulching, lack of mulch results in "caking" 09/15/59 splashing of fine soil around seedlings from irrigation water 79 can.ont.midhurst spruce,white 2+0 irrigation 05/15/56 large irrigation gun-totally oversized 80 usa.mi.east lansing pine,red 2+0 seedbeds 09/15/58 band sown seedbeds n.b. chlorosis 81 can.ont.dryden nursery establishment 09/15/59 R.D.Carman examing soil on the site of the new nursery, n.b.existingvegetation 82 can.ont.dryden peat shredding 09/15/59 shredding peat prior to application on the first seedbeds 83 can.ont.swastika mulching 09/28/61 rotary mulcher built at the nursery 84 can.ont.swastika mulching 09/28/61 closeup of the rotary head of the mulcher 85 can.ont.swastika fertilization 09/28/61 gandy fertilizer spreader 86 mulching 09/28/61 mulching seedbeds with rotary spreader using sawdust 87 seedbeds 05/15/54 seedbeds n.b.short beds(manual not machine treated) and the Skinner irrigation system 88 can.ont.st.williams fertilization 04/25/62 first use of anhydrous ammonia in the preparation of transplant land 89 can.ont.st.williams fertilization 04/25/62 closeup of the injection tines of the ammonia spreader 90 weeding 07/20/64 danish mechanical weeder, scuffling and blowing out the weeds 91 can.ont.orono weeding 07/20/64 general view of danish machine 92 can.ont.orono weeding 07/20/64 closeup of the tines and the airblower 93 can.ont.thunder bay seeding 05/15/63 drill seeder in action 94 can.ont.thunder bay seeding 05/20/63 closeup of the shoes of the seeder 95 can.ont.thunder bay seeding 05/20/63 fertilizer bander in front of seeder 96 can.ont.thunder bay seeding 05/20/63 fertilizer bander shoes on seeder 97 can.ont.thunder bay seeding 05/20/63 covering shoes of the seeder 98 winter "purpling" 10/15/62 normal purpling of jack pine after thwe onset of the first frosts 06/15/63 vertical root pruner in general use at Thunder Bay 100 can.ont.swastika can.ont.midhurst can.ont.orono 0 pine,red spruce,white 2+1 can.ont.swastika pine,jack can.ont.thunder bay pine,jack 3+0 pruning roots can.ont.orono spruce,white 2+2 transplants 10/15/62 comparison of normal 2+2(left) and 1.5+1.5(right) 101 can.ont.swastika spruce,white soil conditions 05/20/61 soil after lifting of first seedling crop, n.b. soil heterogeneity some Ae and Bf horizons 102 can.bc.duncan fir,douglas 08/15/63 general view of seedbeds 103 usa.cl.lucky peak spruce,engelmann 08/15/64 general view of seedbeds 104 usa.cl.lucky peak spruce,engelmann can.ont.swastika 2+0 0 99 shading 08/15/64 shading seedbeds with airplane target material 105 seedbed covering 09/15/62 covering sand being applied to seedbeds 106 winter "purpling" can.ont.swastika pine,jack 09/15/62 purpling in jack pine after first good frost 107 can.ont. thunder bay spruce,white 09/15/59 general view of band sown seedlings 108 can.ont.chapleau pine,jack 09/15/59 typical seedlings,of the first crop 109 can.ont.swastika pine,jack 1+0 10/15/63 typical seedlings n.b. secondary thickening 110 can.ont.chapleau spruce,white 3+0 09/15/59 typical seedling of the first crop 111 can.nb.juniper spruce,red 07/15/65 general view showing short beds and roll shading 112 can.nb.juniper spruce,red 2+0 07/15/65 general view n.b. short beds and roll shading with bed boards 113 kenya,"turbo" cupressus lusitania 1+0 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+0 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+0 can.ont.kemptville pine,jack 1+0 can.ont.kemptville pine,red 1+0 general view; with intercropping 114 09/08/68 general view of seedlings n.b. small stones 115 09/03/68 general view of seedlings, n.b. small stones; cf#114 116 germination 06/15/69 seedlings germinating under straw mulch 117 germination 06/15/69 seedlings germinating under straw mulch 118 seedbeds �LOCATION SPECIES can.ont.kemptville pine,red can.ont.orono pine,red AGE CLASS 1+0 usa.ny.saratoga 0 ACTIVITY DATE DESCRIPTION NO germination 06/15/69 general view of germinating beds of drill sown seedlings 119 germination 07/15/68 general view of drill sown beds 120 seeder and fertilizer 06/15/66 seeder and fertilizer banding machine 121 fertilizing 06/15/66 seed and banded phosphorus placement after banding 122 fertilization 06/15/66 seedling after one season showing original phosphorus placement in soil 123 usa.ny.saratoga spruce,white usa.ny.saratoga spruce,white can.ont.chapleau pine,white 3+0 09/15/59 general view of seedlings, out of the soil 124 usa.cl.lucky peak spruce,engelmann 2+0 08/15/64 general view of seedlings in beds 125 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 1+0 10/15/58 general view of seedbeds 126 can.ont.kemptville pine,jack 2+0 06/15/69 general view of beds,rising 2+0 127 can.ont.kemptville pine,red 3+0 06/15/69 general view of beds 128 can.ont.thunder bay pine,jack 3+0 06/15/63 seedlings rootpruned by vertical knives 129 can.al.oliver spruce,white 2+0 07/15/63 general view of seedbeds 130 can.ont.orono spruce,white 2+0 10/15/63 view of seedling out of bed 131 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 fertilization trial 09/07/61 general view of fertilizer trial 132 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 fertilization trial 08/15/60 control plot in U-2 trial 133 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 fertilization trial 08/15/60 1/2 rate of NP in U2 trial 134 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 fertilization trial 08/15/60 double rate of fertilizer application 135 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 07/15/60 view of beds used in periodic uptake study 136 can.ont.kemptville pine,white 1+0 fertilization trial 09/15/56 general view of trial area n.b. no response 137 can.ont.kemptville spruce,white 1+0 fertilization 09/15/56 nitrogen fertilization trial N @ 300lb/ac as ammonium sulphate,one of the first such trials in Ontario 138 can.ont.kemptville spruce,white 1+0 fertilization 09/15/56 fertilizer trial,N @ 600 lb/ac applied twice, in June and in July as ammonium sulphate 139 can.ont.kemptville spruce,white 1+0 fertilization 09/15/56 fertilizer trial,N @ 1200lb/ac applied in June as ammonium sulphate 140 usa.wash.webster douglas fir 1+0 sowing date 09/10/63 seedlings drill late sown in late November; height-10-14cm 141 usa.wa.webster douglas fir 1+0 sowing date 09/10/63 drill sown in mid-April; height-6-9cm 142 usa.wa.webster douglas fir 1+0 sowing date 09/10/63 drill sown in late May; height-4-6cm 143 can.ont.dryden pine,jack 1+0 wind effect 08/15/61 Effect of wind on bed at time of sowing 144 can.ont.swastika pine,white 1+0 cabbage heading 07/10/65 natural cabbage heading probably from fertilizer pellet 145 can.ont.maple pine, white 1+0 cabbage heading 10/15/63 cabbage heading induced by placement of fertilizer pellet 146 can.ont.swastika pine,jack 1+0 damping-off 05/29/63 damping-off in extracted seedlings can.ont.st.williams pine,red 1+0 arsenic toxicity 06/15/58 arsenic poisoning in compartment that was converted from an apple orchard to seed beds. Arsenicals were sprayed regularly on the can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+0 frost damage 09/15/69 September temperature of -12C(10F) causing frost damage on apical growth 149 can.ont.st.williams spruce, white 2+0 nutrient deficiency, N & P 08/04/60 Foliage symptoms of N-chlorosis and P-purpling 150 can.ont.st.williams spruce, white 2+0 nutrient deficiency, phosphorus 08/04/60 foliage symptoms of P-purpling deficiency, eye level view of seed can.ont.st.williams spruce, white 2+0 nutrient deficiency, Nitrogen 05/15/56 "dishing" of seedlings in the seeedbed as a result of inadequate can.ont.midhurst pine, red 1+0 damping-off 05/20/55 damping-off in germinating seedbeds; soil and water are alkaline 153 can.bc.duncan cypress,lawson's 2+0 windblown contamination by seeds 06/15/65 western hemlock "seeding-in" by wind in Lawson's cypress beds 154 usa.wa.webster douglas fir 2+2 transplant beds, general view 08/15/63 general view of beds, n.b. skinner irrigation system 155 can.ont.swastika pine, jack 1+0 fertilization using irrigation system 07/15/69 Dragon fertilizer injector used in fertilizing seedbeds 156 can.ont.kemptville pine, red 1+0 germinating seedbeds 06/15/69 general view of germinating beds 157 view of nursery from air 07/15/65 aerial view of Juniper nursery before any change or enlargement general view of seed beds 07/15/65 ground view of seed beds, n.b. the bed boards and roll shades as can.ont.swastika view of nursery from air 09/15/68 Aerial view of nursery also showing surrounding forest can.ont.swastika view of nursery from air 09/15/68 Aerial view of nursery, looking south with Engelhart River on right can.ont.swastika view from air showing land preparation 09/15/68 Aerial view of seed and transplant beds, n.b. lower areas which can.nb.juniper view of nursery from air 06/15/66 Aerial view of complete nursery showing original seed beds to right and transplant beds at bottom and to left. N.B. SW branch of Miramichi R. and peat lands surrounding the nursery can.nb.juniper can.nb.juniper usa.mi.east lansing spruce, red 1+0 pine, red england,oxford,kennington can.bc.green timbers spruce and doug fir root pruning view of seedbeds 08/20/58 general view of seedbeds experimental plots 08/15/54 General view of the research nursery; showing grit mulch plots, 147 apple trees bed 148 151 nitrogen supply 152 158 well as the painted wood; also the orientation of the beds so that each is short 159 160 161 have just had peat application; upper beds are seedbeds with shades 162 163 164 165 and large-scale fertilizer trial in background 2+0 view of seed beds 09/15/61 General view of seed beds , n.b. roll shades and bed boards.Compare with the Juniper nursery of Irving 1965 166 england,oxford,kenningto spruce, sitka 1+1 experimental nursery 08/15/54 General view of the experimental nursery showing transplant trials 167 can.ont.kemptville pine,red 2+0 fertilizer trial 09/15/56 can.ont.orono spruce,white 2+2 transplant stock 05/15/53 Lifted machine transplanted stock showing distortion i.e. J-shaped roots as a result of being dragged by the machine at time of can.ont.midhurst spruce,white 2+1 can.ont.kemptville pine,red Fertilizer trial in transplant red pine at rates of 50,100 and 200 lbs/acre, photo 100#N/ac as amm.nitrate 168 planting 169 transplants 07/15/53 General view of transplanted lines after a hand weeding n.b. the weeds in the paths 170 weeding by hand 06/15/69 Manual weeding of rising 2+0 seedbeds 171 can.ont.st.williams seed bed grooved roller 04/15/63 Grooved roller developed at nursery by weldind V-iron strips on a roller 172 can.ont.st.williams seeding with grooved roller 04/15/63 Grooved roller followed by the Gandy seeder and a seed bed coveringwith a dragged piece of fencing 173 can.ont.st.williams seeding 04/15/63 Grooved seed drills created by grooved roller 174 can.ont.orono seeding grooved drills 11/15/68 covering seed bed made by grooved roller 175 can.ont.swastika seeding using grooved plate 09/15/68 Gandy seeder and grooved plate to create drills for seeding 176 can.ont.kemptville seeding using grooved roller 05/10/69 grooved roller and gandy seeder sowing conifer seed 177 can.ont.kemptville seeding, making drills for hand sowing 05/10/69 set of teeth used to make drills for sowing hardwoods by hand 178 can.ont.st.williams lifting and undercutting equipment 05/15/61 lifter/undercutter designed in England by U.K. Forestry Commission 179 �LOCATION SPECIES AGE CLASS ACTIVITY DATE DESCRIPTION can.ont.st.williams lifting and undercutting 05/15/61 U.K. lifter and undercutter, details of construction can.ont.st.williams lifting and undercutting 05/15/61 U.K. lifter and undercutter in operation. There was a collecting of roots around the central support arm which clogged the cutting NO 180 action 181 �LOCATION SPECIES can.ont.swastika pine,jack can.ont.swastika pine,jack AGE CLASS ACTIVITY DATE DESCRIPTION NO lifting with a potato digger 09/15/68 Using a potato digger to lift seedling jack pine,this process brings up much soil with the roots especially if soil is moist 182 lifting with potato digger 09/15/68 potato digger in action note he amount of soil brought up with the roots 183 can.ont.kemptville lifting equipment 06/15/69 Modified potato digger developed by Kemptville and federal 184 can.ont.kemptville lifting equipment 06/15/69 Front view of lifter developed by Kemptville and federal agriculturestaff 185 can.ont.kemptville lifting equipment 06/15/69 Rear view of modified potato digger developed by staff of nursery and federal agriculture 186 2+0 agricultural staff can.ont.kemptville pine,red 3+0 lifting 06/15/69 Modified potato digger in operation, note that the tops and roots are tangled when they go into the bin 187 can.ont.kemptville pine,red 3+0 lifting with modified potato digger 06/15/69 Front view of lifter in operation 188 can.ont.swastika greenhouses 07/15/66 The first set of "meccano" greenhouses set up to produce Ontario tubed seedlings 189 can.ont.maple greenhouses 05/15/66 Details of "portable"greenhouse showing construction of wood and polyfilm, "meccano"set bench frames and oil space heater 190 can.ont.swastika greenhouses 07/15/66 General view of tubed seedling greenhouses with first crop of seedlings to right 191 can.ont.swastika pine,jack 1+0 greenhouse, tubed seedlings 06/15/66 Seedlings outside for hardening off prior to out-planting 192 can.ont.kemptville poplar,carolina 1+0 cuttings 06/15/69 Carolina poplar cuttings in conventional beds 193 can.nb.juniper spruce, white 2+1 transplants 06/15/70 11/2+11/2 transplants after their first growing season at the Irving nursery, n.b. the compact root system 194 can.ont.moonbeam spruce, black 2+1 transplants 07/15/61 195 greenhouse, plastic 06/15/70 First plastic greenhouse at the Irving nursery 196 can.nb.juniper Erosion in transplant lines due to soil texture and slope can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 greenhouse 06/15/70 First crops of spruce cuttings and special seed lots 197 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 greenhouse 06/15/70 Interior of house showing rising 1+0 seedlings in broadcast beds 198 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 sowing seed 10/15/69 199 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 sowing seed 10/15/69 General view of drill sower in operation 200 can.nb.juniper stone picking equipment 06/15/71 Stone picker, a potato machine 201 can.nb.juniper stone picking 11/15/69 Results of use of the stone picker n.b. absence of stones to left 202 Dril sowing seed using a modified agricultural drill sower can.nb.juniper spruce, black 2+1 dessication 06/15/70 Winter dessication from low snow cover ,especially in late winter 203 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 2+1 dessication 06/15/70 Close-up of seedlings showing upper top kill from late winter 204 cultivation 06/15/70 Rototilling land preparatory to planting 205 Representative seedlings from the seed beds, one of the first crops 206 can.nb.juniper dessication can.ont.chapleau pine, white 2+0 seedlings 09/15/59 can.ont.chapleau pine, red 2+0 seedlings 09/15/59 Representative seedlings from the first crops can.ont.chapleau pine, jack 2+0 seedlings 09/15/59 Representative seedlings from the first crops 208 can.ont.swastika pine, jack 2+0 seedlings in bed 07/15/69 Seedlings in situ in bed with roots and soil exposed, n.b. location of roots and the well-developed plow layer after approx. 10 years since nursery was established. Location Comp. B-11 209 can.ont.swastika pine,jack 2+0 root distribution 06/15/69 Installing nail board to measure root distribution in situ 210 can.ont.swastika pine,jack 2+0 root distribution 06/15/69 Nail board extracted showing general placement of roots can.ont.swastika pine,jack 2+0 root distribution 06/15/69 Nail board with soil washed from roots,showing root distribution can.ont.moonbeam spruce,black 2+2 lifting, hand 08/15/61 Hand lifting at the Spruce Falls Power & Paper Co nursery.Note that trees are being baled on stone boat 213 root trimming 09/15/61 Trimming roots prior to shipping 214 can.ont.midhurst spruce, white 2+2 transplants 07/15/61 General view of lengthened compartment(1500ft.) to facilitate use of machines 215 can.ont.st.williams spruce, white 1+0 Mulching, 09/15/61 Soil cones resulting from non-use of mulch on exposed seed beds 216 can.ont.st.williams spruce,white 2+0 Fertilizer experiment 07/15/60 Fertilizer experiment - amount and timing of Nitrogen fertilizer 217 can.ont.utglendon hall douglas fir 1+0 container stock 01/15/71 Douglas fir grown in B.C. Styroblock for demonstration 218 can.ont.utglendon hall pine, jack 1+0 containers 01/15/71 View of different containers,- Jiffy, Jiffy 7, Domtar tretube, Ont tubes, Paper pot, Conwed 219 can.ont.utglendon hall pine,jack 1+0 Nutrient deficiency - phosphorus 02/15/71 220 1+0 Root measuring equipment - Rhizometer 02/15/71 General view of the first rhizometer made, n.b. wooden construction 221 1+0 Cuttings, rooted 04/15/71 222 can.ont.thunder bay thinning seedbeds 06/15/71 Mechanical seedbed thinner designed at Thunder Bay nursery 223 can.ont.thunder bay thinning seedbeds 06/15/71 Details of mechanical thinner designed at nursery 224 can.ont.thunder bay lifting, seedling harvester 06/15/71 Seedling harvester developed at nursery, note manner of movement of seedlings to remove soil 225 can.ont.thunder bay lifting, with harvester 06/15/71 Details of mechanical harvester developed at nursery 226 cultivating 06/15/71 Cultivating a la Niels Kreiberg in transplant stock 227 cultivation 06/15/71 228 can.ont.midhurst can.ont.utglendon hall can.ont.utglendon hall can.nb.juniper spruce, black spruce,black 2+1 can.nb.juniper 207 211 n.b. the nails are at 1" intervals in Lot U-2 results published Phosphorus deficiency in seedling jack pine at 70 days from germin-ation First rooted spruce cuttings at Glendon Hall, these were part of IVyr student Wally Bidwell"s project details of harrows on Danish cultivator 212 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 cutting 06/15/71 Rooted black spruce cutting taken from outstanding plantation tree 229 can.ont.orono spruce, white 2+0 transplants 06/15/71 Comparison of seedlings used for transplant stock: on left(yellow) seedlings from overwintered beds ; on right those from stock lifted in fall and frozen stored until transplanting 230 231 can.ont.swastika spruce,black 3+0 thinning 07/15/71 Chemically thinned with "gramoxone" can.nb.juniper spruce, black 2+2 transplants 06/15/71 General view of transplant lines after enlargement of field 232 greenhouse 06/15/71 General view of plastic greenhouses to grow paper pots;, each house can grow 2 million seedlings 233 can.nb.juniper can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 container stock, paper pots 06/10/71 First main plastic house crop in paper pots after 50 days i.e. 50 days after sowing 234 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 seedlings 06/15/71 50-day old black spruce in plastic house, broadcast peat beds 235 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 container stock 06/10/71 Generalview inside greenhuse can.ont.swastika pine, jack 1+0 sowing in drills 06/15/71 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 container stock 06/10/71 Extracted seedlings to show root development 238 can.ont.orono pine,white seedbeds 11/15/71 Seeds in grooved seedlines from grooved roller 239 can.ont.orono pine, white 11/15/71 Mulching grooved seedbeds with straw 240 germination 12/15/71 Internal germinator using modine gas heater 241 germination 12/15/71 seedlings that have been germinatedin BC styroblocks in a separate room 242 0 0 mulching can.bc.duncan can.bc.duncan douglas fir 1+0 drillsown jack pine, really results in bands. first slide shows 236 September beds and the second the same in June 237 �LOCATION SPECIES AGE CLASS ACTIVITY DATE DESCRIPTION NO can.bc.duncan hemlock, western 1+0 root pruning 12/15/71 Air pruning of roots of hemlock in BC styroblock 243 can.bc.surrey douglas fir 1+0 container stock 12/15/71 General view of styroblocks laidout in nursery beds 244 can.bc.surrey douglas fir 1+0 container stock 12/15/71 View of styroblocks in nurseryy, note skinner irrigation system 245 can.bc.surrey douglas fir 1+0 container stock 12/15/71 Moving styroblocks in nursery fertilization 12/15/71 Fertilizer injection system at container nursery container stock 12/15/71 Extracted "plug" seedling 248 can.bc.surrey can.bc.surrey douglas fir 1+0 246 r 247 can.nb.juniper nursery, aerial view 06/15/71 Aerial view of nursery from west side; n.b. peat bog in foreground greenhouses mid left for container stock 249 can.nb.juniper nursery aerial view 06/15/71 Nursery from south, large transplant field, dark area is where more than normal application of peat was made @150cu/yd/ac 250 can.nb.juniper nursery ,aerial view 06/15/71 Aerial view of nursery from south n.b. portion of transplant field where peat was applied at 150cu/yd/ac 251 can.ont.st.williams lifting equipment 08/15/72 Largetree lifter for landscape stock 252 lifting 08/15/72 Lifting large landscape stock fertilizer, equipment 08/15/72 Fertilizer spreader for use in landscape beds or general land can.ont.st.williams ash, white 2+2+2 can.ont.st.williams 253 application 254 can.ont.st.williams walnut, black 1+0 seedbeds 08/15/72 General view of rising 1+0 seedlings, n.b. size 255 can.ont.st.williams ash, white 1+0 irrigation 08/15/72 Irrigation usung Skinner system on ash seedbeds 256 can.ont.st.williams spruce, white 2+0 damage, chemical 08/15/72 Damage from varsol applied as weed control; uneven application is the problem 257 nursery 07/15/72 General view of nursery 258 259 can.ont.chapleau can.ont.chapleau spruce, white 3+0 budworm damage 06/15/72 multiple leader from budworm damage can.ont.chapleau spruce,white 3+0 cabbage heading 06/15/72 cabbage heading in 3+0 PIg, possibly from budworm can.ont.orono pine, red 3+0 storage trial 06/15/72 Red pine lifted in the fall at different times and freeze-stored, then outplanted the next spring. Dead trees lifted prior to Nov. 260 live trees lifted later after major frost 261 can.ont.swastika nursery, aerial 06/15/72 Aerial view from north n.b. Engelhart R. regenerated clearcut and main access road off to left 262 can.ont.swastika nursery aerial 06/15/72 Aerial view of transplant compartments, seedbeds top right 263 can.ont.thunder bay nursery headquarters 06/15/72 New headquarters building 264 can.ont.thunder bay spruce, black 3+0 root pruning/wrenching 07/15/72 Root pruning ,or wrenching using a lifter blade 265 can.ont.thunder bay spruce, white 3+0 frost damage 06/15/72 Leader injury from late spring frost 266 can.ont.thunder bay pine,red 1+0 herbicide application 06/15/72 Dacthal application on right of book, no application on left 267 can.ont.midhurst pine,red 2+0 irrigation 06/15/72 Skinner system on a low set of supports 268 can.ont.midhurst pine,red 3+0 thinning 06/15/72 Seedbed thinning after strip application of paraquat can.ont.midhurst pine,red 2+0 thinning 06/15/72 Manual thinning of seedbeds from 40-65sdlgs/sq.ft. by hand to can.ont.gogama pine,jack 2+0 irrigation 06/15/72 Wade irrigation system on seedbeds 271 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 2+2 transplants 09/15/72 Healthy spruce being inspected by Bob Bezzant 272 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+0 Aphid damage 08/15/72 Aphids in succulent leader 273 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+0 Aphid damage 08/15/72 Dead top of leader resulting from aphid attack 274 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+0 Aphid damage 08/15/72 Sedling from bed to show dead foliage from aphid attack can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+0 Botrytis damage 08/15/72 Botrytis mold on lower foliage in very dense and moist seedbeds can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+0 Botrytis and aphid damage 07/15/72 Cross-section of seedlings in situ showing lower dead foliage due toBotrytis and dead leadertop to aphids 277 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+0 Botrytis damage 08/15/72 Cross-section of dense seedbed(300sdlgs/sq/ft) to show effects of Botrytis mold 278 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+1 container, paper pot 08/15/72 Seed sown March, outplanted July 1972 at Camp 66, Miramichi 279 can.ont.swastika spruce,black 2+0 seedbed 09/15/72 seedling showing evidence of frost-heaving inseedbed 280 can.ont.swastika spruce, black 1+0 seedbeds 09/15/72 Band sown spruce 281 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 greenhouse 06/15/72 Broadcast greenhouse beds for transplanting in summer, ht. 10-15cm. 282 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+1 transplants 09/15/72 Comparison of greenhouse grown seedlings vs regular seedbed stock left: sdlgs sown greenhouse Feb. heeled-in June, transplanted Aug right: 11/2 seedbed stock transplanted Aug 283 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+1 transplant 09/15/72 Comparison of seedlings from greenhouse1/2+1 vs seedbed 11/2+1; 284 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+0 mulching, peat 09/15/72 Mulched sedbeds to prevent frost heaving, n.b. success can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 mulching 09/15/72 Peat mulch applied to seedbeds in late August to prevent frost mulching, equipment 09/15/72 Mulching spreader used to apply peat to seedbeds can.nb.juniper 269 30sdlgs/sq.ft. 270 275 density approx. 300sdlgs/sq/ft n.b. greenhouse with compact root system, although smaaller than 276 conventional stock 285 heaving 286 287 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 mulching seedbeds 07/15/72 Mulching seedbeds n.b. machine has put on mulch ,now it is being brushed to ensure even distribution can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 seedbeds, general view 10/15/72 General view of seedbeds in fall 289 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 provenance 10/15/72 Comparison of seed sources, Ontario(Kapuskasing) on left, NB(Black Brook) on right. NB shows interbreeding with red spruce 290 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 2+0 provenance 08/15/72 Comparison of Ontario(Kapuskasing )left and NB spruce (right) 291 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 2+0 seedbeds 09/15/72 Side view of seedlings in bed 292 can.nb.juniper spruce, white 1+0 provenance 09/15/72 Comparison of two NB sources; left local Juniper source, right seed from Sussex,NB 293 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+2 lifting and packing 05/15/72 Lifting and packing in the field as one operation 294 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 2+2 Lifting,plowing and transplanting at same time 05/15/72 Concurrent operations in the same field to achieve maximum can.nb.juniper container equipment, seeding 05/15/72 Paperpot seeding line, the first in Canada 296 can.nb.juniper container equipment, seeding roller 05/15/72 Close-up of the seeding roller to show vacuum holes which hold the seeds 297 production 288 295 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+1 transplants 06/15/72 Transplanted paperpot seedlings, sown April'71, transplanted Aug'71 photo June'72; n.b. healthy vigorous condition 298 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+1 transplant stock 06/15/72 Paperpot seedlings sown April'71, transplanted Aug'71, photo June'72for comparison n.b. seedling with pot still on roots 299 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+1 transplant stock 06/15/72 Paperpot seedling , sown April'71, transplanted Aug'71,photo June'72n.b. root development 300 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+0 container stock 08/15/72 Paperpot seedlings sown March'72, photo Aug'72, n.b. colour & size 301 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+1 transplanting seedlings 05/15/72 10-row transplanter using conventional seedbed stock 302 land preparation equipment 06/15/72 Vibrashank plow in use at nursery to break-up soil 303 can.nb.juniper �LOCATION SPECIES AGE CLASS can.nb.juniper can.nb.juniper spruce,black 3+0 ACTIVITY DATE DESCRIPTION NO drainage 06/15/72 Installing plastic drainage pipe in transplant compartment: cf Land Use Slide#1 304 seedling roots 06/15/72 Comparison of two seedlings ,one with fine root system(ht.19.5cm., diam.4.7cm) and coarse roots(ht.18.5cm., diam5.3cm) 305 �LOCATION SPECIES AGE CLASS ACTIVITY DATE DESCRIPTION NO can.nb.juniper larch,european 1+0 frost damage 05/15/72 Late spring frost mortality, but n.b. one surviving seedling 306 can.nb.juniper pine,jack 1+0 seedbed seedlings 06/15/72 General view of seedlings rising 2+0 307 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+0 container seedlings 08/15/72 Paperpot seedlings sown March'72, photo Aug'72 308 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+0 Cuttings, rooted 06/15/73 Cuttings taken from superior looking plantation trees at Black Brk. can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+1 transplant stock 06/15/73 Comparison of 1/2+1/2(left) and 11/2+1/2(right) stock; cf. with can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+1 transplant stock 06/15/73 Greenhouse seedlings sown winter'72, transplanted July'72, photo can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+1 transplant stock 06/15/73 Conventional 11/2 seedling transplanted in July'72, photo june'73 compare with slide#310 &311 All in same field(O) 312 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+0 container stock 06/15/73 Greeenhouse seedlings sown winter'73 heeled in spring'73 313 can.ont.orono pine,red 2+0 seedling stock 06/15/73 Comparison of seedling stock, one set sown in fall, the other in can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+0 container stock 06/15/73 Paperpot seedlings winter sown, photo June'73 315 can.nb.juniper fertilizer equipment 06/15/73 Egedal fertilizer applicator and cultivator 316 can.nb.juniper fertilizer equipment 06/15/73 Egedal fertilizer applicator and cultivator 317 can.ont.orono greenhouse, cuttings 06/15/73 General view of first plastic house for rooting cuttings 318 309 Nursery Slide#279 June'73 the following spring 310 311 314 can.ont.orono spruce 1+0 Cuttings 06/15/73 General view of cuttings from larger selected trees being rooted can.ont.orono spruce 1+0 cuttings 06/15/73 Close-up of individual cuttings being rooted; these are cuttings can.ont.orono spruce, white 1+1 container stock 06/15/73 Nisula roll stock grown experimentally can.ont.st.williams ash, white 1+0 seedlings 08/15/73 White ash seedlings in experimental treatment,- Control no N can.ont.st.williams ash, white 1+0 seedlings 08/15/73 White ash seedlings fertilized with N @ 100lb/ac; seedbed density can.ont.st.williams ash, white 1+0 seedlings 08/15/73 Extracted bed run seedlings 324 can.ont.st.williams oak, red 1+0 seedlings 08/15/73 Extracted bed run stock 325 can.ont.st.williams oak, red 1+0 fertilization trial 08/15/73 seedlings in control plot - no N 326 can.ont.st.williams oak, red 1+0 fertilization trial 08/15/73 seedlings from treatment of 100lb/ac N 327 can.ont.st.williams oak,red 1+0 fertilization trial 08/15/73 seedlings from treatment with 200 lb/ac N; 10/sq.ft. 328 can.nb.juniper pine,jack 1+0 container stock 09/15/73 Paper pot stock sown June'73 in plastic house and now set outside for overwintering and the spring'74 planting 329 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 greenhouse seedlings 08/15/73 seedlings sown in greenhouse Feb'73, heeled-in for transplanting 330 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+1 transplants 08/15/73 Greenhouse seedlings(1/2) sown Feb'72, transplanted Aug'72 and can.ont.st.williams pine,red 2+0 disease,pine needle cast 04/15/73 Lophodermium pinastri in seedbeds can.ont.st.williams pine, red 2+0 disease,needle cast 04/15/73 Close-up of seedlings attacked by Lophodermium pinastri, n.b. the can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 seedbeds 08/15/73 General view of seedbeds where surface was covered with plastic to bring about more uniform germination n.b. evenness 334 can.ont.thessalon birch, yellow 2+0 seedbeds 08/15/73 general view of seedbeds 335 can.ont.thessalon spruce, black 3+0 seedlings 08/15/73 extracted seedlings to show root development 336 can.ont.st.williams walnut,black 1+0 seedbeds 08/05/73 general view of seedbeds n.b. height of seedlings ;R.Laupert(Supt.) 337 can.ont.swastika spruce, black 1+1 transplants 08/29/73 Transplanted 11/2+1/2 stock extracted to show roots 338 can.ont.chapleau spruce, white 3+0 seedbeds 08/22/73 General view of seedbeds, amitrol has been used to control weeds 339 can.ont.gogama pine,red 1+0 container stock 08/23/73 Seedlings in Ontario tubes 340 can.ont.thessalon spruce, white 1+0 container stock 08/21/73 Over wintered Ontario tubed seedlings 341 land preparation 09/15/73 Compartment given peat dressing and seeded to oats to protect from erosion during fall and early spring 342 can.ont.swastika 319 taken from selected larger trees 320 321 322 10 sdlgs/sq.ft. photo Aug'73 grown through second season(1), i.e.1/2+1 - field O 323 331 332 dead foliage and some dead seedlings 333 can.ont.swastika spruce, white 2+1 transplants 09/15/73 General view of 11-row transplant beds 343 can.ont.swastika pine, jack 2+0 lifting 09/15/73 seedling harvester used to lift seedlings 344 can.ont.swastika pine, jack 2+0 lifting 09/15/73 seedling harvester lifting jack pine 345 can.ont.swastika pine, jack 2+0 lifting 09/15/73 seedlings being lifted by harvester, n.b. lack of soil on roots can.ont.orono mulching 11/15/73 hydro mulcher applying a thin coating of a pulp-type mulch to can.ont.orono mulching 11/15/73 Views of mulch being applied and close-up of mulched bed 346 seedbeds 347 348 can.nb.orono spruce, white 2+0 fertilization trial 11/15/73 Keith McClain's fertility/density trial,1973 349 can.ont.st.williams spruce, white 3+0 seedling, super 04/15/73 Super seedling with R. Laupert(Supt.) 350 can.ont.utglendon hall pine,jack 1+0 cabbage-heading 02/15/73 Initiation of cabbage-heading, cause unknown 351 can.ont.utglendon hall spruce,white 2+0 root exposure 03/15/73 seedlings whose roots have been exposed for periods of 2, 6 and 10 hours before simulated planting: Green(2), right(10), middle(6) 352 can.ont.utglendon hall pine,jack: spruce,wh 1+0 experimental irrigation 02/15/73 Seedlings watered atintervals of 3,5 or 9 days 353 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+0 transplanting 06/15/74 transplanting using dual 5-row machines 354 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 container stock 06/15/74 Paper pot seedlings in greenhouse after 133 days of growing 355 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 1+0 container stock 06/15/74 close-up of seedlings in paper pots after 133 growing days 356 can.nb.juniper spruce, black 2+0 seedlings 06/15/74 Extracted seedlings from regular seedbeds(Field J) 357 greenhouses 06/15/74 General view of greenhouses with planting area for seedproduction area using rooted cuttings from superior plantation trees in fore- ground 358 can.nb.sussex can.nb.sussex greenhouses 06/15/74 Greenhouses(new) and Niels Kreiberg 359 can.nb.sussex pine,jack 1+0 container stock 06/15/74 general view of plastic house and paper pot seedlings after 30 days 360 can.nb.sussex spruce, black 1+0 container stock, nisula 06/15/74 general view of Nisula machiine in operation 361 can.nb.sussex spruce,black 1+0 container stock, nisula 06/15/74 General view of Nisula rolls in holding area 362 seed production area 06/15/74 General view of seed production area after preparation 363 seed production stock 06/15/74 First planting of rooted cuttings from superior plantation trees 364 frost damage 05/15/72 Late spring frost damage, n.b. brown tips of leaders 365 seeding equipment 09/15/74 Modified gandy seeder to drill sow, really it produces a band ratherthan a single drill 366 can.nb.sussex can nb.sussex spruce, black 1+1+2 can.ont.midhurst spruce, white 3+0 can.ont.swastika �LOCATION can.ont.swastika SPECIES AGE CLASS ACTIVITY land preparation DATE 09/15/74 Peat application of 200cu.yds/ac DESCRIPTION NO 367 �SPECIES AGE CLASS can.ont.swastika LOCATION spruce, black 2+0 transplanting 09/15/74 6-row transplanter in operation 368 can.ont.swastika spruce, white 1+0 container,Ontario tube 09/15/74 seedlings in Ontario tubes; sown April, photo Sept. 369 1+0 container, shade house 07/15/74 Shade house for BC styroblock stock taken from greenhouse in spring 370 container, shade house 07/15/74 Interior of shade house, n.b. irrigation sprinkler 371 can.bc.surrey can.bc.surrey ACTIVITY DATE DESCRIPTION NO can.bc.surrey douglas fir 1+0 seedbeds 07/15/74 General view of drill sown(spring) beds,n.b. mulch 372 can.bc.surrey spruce, white 2+0 root pruning 07/15/74 General view of beds that have been root pruned(wrenched) 373 can.bc.surrey spruce, white 2+0 root pruning 07/15/74 Close-up in bed of root-pruned(wrenched) stock 374 can.bc.surrey douglas fir 2+0 aphid damage 07/15/74 close-up of leaders affected by aphids 375 container building 07/15/74 Shelter house being constructed for container stock 376 container stock 07/15/74 seedlings in BC styroblock"8" sown May 1 after approx.95 days 377 can.bc.duncan container, shade house 07/15/74 Shade house for container stock, Jack Long (Supt.) can.bc.duncan greenhouse, container 07/15/74 Large plastic house for BC styroblock containers n.b. motorized can.bc.green timbers can.bc.green timbers douglas fir 1+0 378 overhead irrigation trolley 379 can.bc.duncan hemlock,western 1+0 container stock 07/15/74 extracted plug from BC styroblock 380 can.bc.skimikin spruce, white 1+0 seedbeds 07/15/74 General view of rising 1+0 seedlings 381 can.bc.skimikin spruce, white 1+0 seedbeds 07/15/74 General view of seedbeds 382 can.bc.skimikin spruce, white 2+0 seedling stock 07/15/74 Seedling extracted from seedbed, n.b. root system with long roots 383 irrigation, reservoir 07/15/74 Large reservoir(1 million gallons capacity) for irrigation water 384 1+0 container stock 07/15/74 General view of containers - BC styroblocks can.bc.skimikin can.bc.vernon 385 can.bc.vernon douglas fir 1+0 container stock 07/15/74 seedlings germinated under two conditions, - outside(white) and inside (red) - n.b. difference in size can.bc.red rock spruce, white 1+0 seedbeds 07/15/74 general view of seedbeds, n.b. size of field without windbreaks can.bc.red rock spruce, white 1+0 container stock 07/15/74 seedlings in BC styroblock showing low germination and symptom of usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 386 387 phosphorus deficiency(purpling) 388 greenhouse, container 08/15/74 General view of greenhouses with seed orchard in foreground 389 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser greenhouses 07/15/74 General view of houses, n.b. wide doorsfor vehicle access 390 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser containers 07/15/74 Leach tubes stacked for use; Rochester nursery 391 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 container stock 06/15/74 seedlings in Leach tubes; Rochester nursery 392 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 container stock 07/15/74 general view inside greenhouse, n.b. low irrigation boom and worker riding on it; Rochester nursery 393 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 container stock 07/15/74 seedlings and low irrigation boom, with support for people to ride 394 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 container equipment 07/15/74 Woman moving irrigation boom across house 395 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 container equipment 07/15/74 Detail of irrigation equipment 396 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 container stock 07/15/74 general view of house,n.b. low irrigation boom in use and platform for workers to tend seedlings. 397 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 seedlings 07/15/74 General view of seedlings sown April, at 4 months 398 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 seedlings 07/15/74 Seedlings sown in April at 4 months; cf.slide #398. Difference is due to different soil mix 399 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 container 07/15/74 Seedling at 4 months, extracted from Leach tube 400 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 container 08/15/74 Overwintered container(Leach tube); sown April 1973, photo Aug/74 401 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 seedbeds 07/15/74 Drill sown June 1/74 at Aurora nursery 402 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 2+0 seedbeds 07/15/74 Drill sown beds of rising 2+0 douglas fir at Aurora nursery 403 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 2+1 transplants 07/15/74 Transplant lines at Aurora nursery 404 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 2+1 transplants 07/15/74 Transplants mixed with millet and grass, Aurora nursery 405 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir shelter house 07/15/74 shelterhouse showing benches at Aurora nursery 406 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 container 07/15/74 Container stock sown in March/74 in leachtubes at Aurora nursery 407 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 container 07/15/74 Extracted seedling at 4 months n.b. dry peat; Aurora nursery 408 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser spruce, sitka 1+0 container 07/15/74 Sown on Oct 26/73, photo July/74; slow growth! 409 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser fir,noble 1+0 container 07/15/74 Sown Dec 7/73 in Leach tubes;Aurora nursery usa.wa.weyerhaeuser hemlock, western 1+0 container 07/15/74 Sown Oct.26/73 in a soil mix of bark and sand at Aurora nursery; usa.wa.weyerhaeuser douglas fir 1+0 container 07/15/74 Over wintered stock in Leach tubes at Aurora nursery 412 usa.or.weyerhaeuser general view 07/15/74 General view of nursery from heliport at Jefferson nursery 413 usa.or.weyerhaeuser greenhouses 07/15/74 General view of the greenhouses at Jefferson nursery 414 07/15/74 Ponerosa pine in greenhouse at Jefferson nursery 415 416 usa.or.weyerhaeuser 410 n.b. poor development 411 pine, ponderosa 1+0 container greenhouse 07/15/74 Detail of hot air heating underneath benches at Jefferson nursery usa.or.weyerhaeuser pine,ponderosa 1+0 container 07/15/74 Pine in extra long(10") Leach tubes, to accomodate long tap root; at Jefferson nursery 417 usa.or.weyerhaeuser pine, ponderosa 1+0 container 07/15/74 Extracted ponderosa pine at 21/2 months in 10"tube at Jefferson 418 greenhouse 07/15/74 General view of Wood nursery growing for Crown Zellerbach 419 420 usa.or.weyerhaeuser usa.or.wood nursery usa.or.wood douglas fir 1+0 container 07/15/74 Ed Wood holding large seedling he grows for Crown Zellerbach usa.or.wood douglas fir 1+0 container 07/15/74 Seedlins in "Wood's" tubes usa.or.wood douglas fir 1+0 container 07/15/74 General view of container stock in greenhouse. Grown for Crown usa.or.wood hemlock,western 1+0 container, mix 07/15/74 Hemlock grown in bark mix cf. slide #411 423 usa.or.wood fir, noble 1+0 container 07/15/74 Noble fir grown in large "wood" tubes 424 usa.or.wood spruce,sitka 1+1 container 07/15/74 Sitka spruce seedlins transplanted into containers, large in March, the smaller in May 425 07/30/74 General view of greenhouses 426 usa.or.hoehnke 421 Zellerbach 422 usa.or.hoehnke container 07/30/74 View inside greenhouse, n.b. asphalt surface with containers on it. 427 usa.or.hoenhke container 07/30/74 View inside shade house, containers on wooden supports off asphalt 428 �LOCATION usa.or.hoenhke SPECIES douglas fir AGE CLASS 1+0 ACTIVITY container DATE 07/30/74 Douglas fir sown April, photo in July DESCRIPTION NO 429 �LOCATION usa.or.hoenhke SPECIES pine, ponderosa AGE CLASS 1+0 ACTIVITY container DATE DESCRIPTION NO 07/30/74 Pine seedling grown in 10" tube,cf.slide#418 for Jefferson nursery 430 usa.or.cottage grove 07/30/74 General view of shade house, this is nursery for Georgia Pacific 431 usa.or.cottage grove 07/30/74 Detail of roof of shade house to show vent for hot air 432 usa.or.cottage grove douglas fir 1+0 container, styroblock 07/30/74 Douglas fir sown in April in styroblocks, photo July 433 usa.or.cottage grove douglas fir 1+0 container, styroblock 07/30/74 Douglas fir extracted from block,sown April, photo July 434 usa.or.cottage grove hemlock, western 1+0 container, styroblock 07/30/74 Extracted hemlock seedling, sown April, photo July 435 can.ont.utglendon hall pine,jack 1+0 moisture loss 02/15/71 Moisture loss from Jiffy pot 30 minutes after planting in dry soil 436 can.ont.utglendon hall pine, jack 1+0 moisture loss 02/15/71 Moisture loss from Paper pot after 30 minutes, cf.slides#436 & 438 437 can.ont.utglendon hall pine, jack 1+0 moisture loss 02/15/71 Moistrue loss from Ontario tube after 30 minutes,cfslides#436 & 437 438 can.ont.utglendon hall pine,jack 1+0 nutrient defiency, phosphorus 10/15/74 Phosphorus deficiency in jack pine at 25 days 439 can.nb.sussex spruce, white 2+0 container,nisula 06/15/75 Nisula roll white spruce, put in roll in April, photo in June 440 can.nb.sussex spruce,black 1+1 container, nisula 06/30/75 Black spruce grown in greenhouse, transplanted as 1+0 in June,1974 photo June, 1975 441 can.nb.sussex spruce,white 1+1 container,nisula 06/30/75 Nisula rolls in Suusex nursdery of J.D.Irving 442 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+0 seedbeds 08/15/76 Seedbeds in field "J". Third crop, height 25 cm 443 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+0 seedbeds 08/15/76 View of seedbeds in Field `K';Maurice Dionne & Paul Bourque 444 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+0 container 08/15/76 Paperpot seedlings beginning second growing period. 445 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+1 lifting 08/15/76 Lifting in August; 200 trees per bale; 400k on a truck. Being shipped directly to the planting site,i.e. summer planting 446 can.nb.juniper spruce,white 2+1 transplants 08/15/76 Comparison of fresh and frozen stock after first growing season in transplant lines 447 can.nb.juniper spruce, white 2+1 transplants 08/15/76 Comparison of fresh and frozen stock, extracted seedlings, 448 lifting 10/15/74 Lifting machine in operation on spruce seedbeds 449 can.ont.orono spruce, white 2+2 transplants 10/15/76 Stock on Bill Bunting's right was kifted fresh in mid May '75, that on his left was lifted in April and cool stored. Both stock transpplanted at same time 450 can.ont.orono spruce,white 2+1 transplants 10/15/76 Cool stored(left) and fresh lifted ttransplants after one growing season n.b. very little visible difference ;cf.slide#450 451 hoop houses 09/15/76 Hoop houses for container stock - not very successful 452 453 can.ont.kemptville can.ont.swastika cf.slide #447 can.ont.swastika pine,jack 1+0 container 09/15/76 Jack pine in paper pots, sown in June'76 can.ont.swastika spruce,white 1+0 container 09/15/76 Spruce in paper pots, n.b. mortality due to drouhgt from improper watering 454 can.ont.swastika spruce,white 2+0 nutrient deficiency 09/15/76 Seedbeds showing `dishing'due to nitrogen deficiency; staff at 455 can.ont.swastika spruce,black 1+1 transplants 09/15/76 Close-up of 1/2+1, i.e. seedling raised in plastic house(Feb-May) then transplanted to field 456 can.ont.swastika spruce,black 1+1 transplants 09/15/76 general view of seedbeds of seedlings raised in plastic house from Feb-May, then transplanted i.e. they are1/2+1, cf.slide#456 457 greenhouse 03/15/76 General view of greenhouse 458 container 03/15/76 general view of styroblocks seeded to fraser fir to go to Xmas tree growers from this nursery run by NC Forest Service 459 usa.nc.clayton usa.nc.clayton fir,fraser 1+0 nursery had chnaged and those already there were lax; no excuse! can.al.hinton pine.lodgepole 1+0 container 04/15/76 General view inside greenhouse showing seedlings in Spencer-Lemaire book containers; Bill Mattes 460 can.al.hinton pine,lodgepole 1+0 container 04/15/76 Overwintered stock in Spencer-Lemaire containers, n.b. purpling of many seedlings, Bill Mattes 461 can.al.hinton spruce, white 1+0 container 04/15/76 Overwinterd stock in Spencer-Lemaire, cf.Slide#461 462 seeding 07/15/77 Seeding and fertilizer placement machine. cf.slide #121,122,123 463 seeding 09/15/77 Coated seed in drills after sowing by seeder/fertilizer placement 464 can.bc.surrey root pruning 09/15/77 New Zeakand designed root pruner in white spruce 465 can.bc.surrey seeding 09/15/77 Detail of seeding drum used for containers 466 467 can.bc.surrey can.bc.surrey spruce,white 0 can.bc.surrey hemlock,western 1+0 seedling 09/15/77 Western hemlock in styroblocks after 6 months growth can.bc.surrey hemlock,western 1+0 seedlings 09/15/77 Roots `shaved' from underside of styroblock at 6 months can.bc.surrey hemlock,western 1+0 seedlings 09/15/77 General view of seedlings in styroblocks, white spruce in the can.bc.surrey hemlock,western 1+0 seedling 09/15/77 Extracted seedling from styroblock at 6 months 470 can.nf.grand falls larch,eeastern 2+0 transplants 07/15/77 First transplanting at Grand Falls nursery 471 can.nf.grand falls seeedbeds 07/15/77 Shaded seedbeds down in late spring n.b. poor growth 472 can.al.hinton greenhouse 04/15/77 Interior of greenhouse to show tiered arrangement of containers 473 seedbeds 06/15/77 Drill sown seedbeds 474 weeder 06/15/77 Mechanical weeder used in drill sown seed beds 475 can.bc.red rock spruce,white 1+0 can.bc.red rock 468 foreground, hemlock behind 469 can.bc.red rock pine,lodgepole 1+1 transplanting 06/15/77 Transplanting{lining out) pine by hand 476 can.bc.red rock spruce,white 1+0 container 06/15/77 Spruce in styroblocks at 3 months 477 fertilizer 06/15/77 Detail of machine for fertilizer placement 478 transplanting 06/15/77 Egedal 6-row transplanter in white spruvce n.b. end of row(4 rows) and protection for workers 479 can.bc.red rock transplanting 06/15/77 Interior of Egedal transplanter. cf.slide #479 480 can.bc.red rock transplanting 06/15/77 Women turning transplanter at end of row 481 can.bc.red rock can.bc.red rock spruce,white 2+1 can.ont.Abitibi pine,jack 1+0 container 05/15/77 First paperpot crop of overwinterd pine at Camp#228, Harry Oneschuk 482 can.ont.abitibi pine,jack 1+0 container 05/15/77 Overwintered paperpot stock grown at Camp#228. n.b. dessication in some of the containers 483 can.ont.st.williams spruce,norway 1+2 transplants 10/15/77 Norway spruce,1+2 with Ralph Laupert(nursery supt.) 484 can.ont.st.williams linden,little-leaf 1+0 seedbeds 10/15/77 Linden, that on right (with Ralph Laupert) sown August 30'76, that on left sown Sept28'76 485 screening peat 09/15/77 Screening peat from Dunmore bog, prior to application to land 486 can.ont.swastika can.ont.utglendon hall spruce,black 1+0 mulching 04/15/74 Demonstration of effects of grit,peat and sand mulches on seedling growth.Results published in Tree Planters Notes:26:4:8-9 487 can.ont.utglendon hall spruce,black 1+0 mulching 04/15/74 Extracted seedlings from mulch experiment. see slide # 487 for details 488 usa.wa.weyerhaeuser seeding 06/15/78 Detail of seeding machine at Rochester nursery 489 can.ont.kemptville land development 10/15/78 Road and drainage ditch leading to new land fro poplar production(inbackground) 490 �LOCATION SPECIES AGE CLASS ACTIVITY DATE DESCRIPTION NO can.ont.kemptville poplar 2+0 stool bed 10/15/78 Two-year-old stool bed n.b. dead area in foreground, cause unknown Alf Campbell 491 can.bc.duncan hemlock,western 1+0 container 10/15/78 Container(styroblock) hemlock 492 �LOCATION can.bc.duncan SPECIES AGE CLASS spruce,white 1+0 ACTIVITY container can.pei.charlottetown DATE DESCRIPTION NO 10/15/78 Container white spruce in styroblocks 493 09/15/78 General view of greenhouse 494 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+0 container 08/15/79 Seedlings sown in May'79 in 8" styroblocks 495 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 1+0 container 08/15/79 Extracted seedling from styroblock, sown May'79.cfSlide#495 496 can.al.pine ridge grreenhouse 09/15/79 General view of greenhouses and screen area 497 can.al.pine ridge racks for support 09/15/79 Wheeled racks that can be stacked; used instead of benches 498 can.al.pine ridge pallets 09/15/79 Stacked pallets(plastic) used in conjunction with wheeled racks 499 can.al.pine ridge container benches 09/15/79 Wheeled racks and palletts in place with seedlings in containers 500 can.al.pine ridge spruce,white 1+0 container 09/15/79 Containers of white spruce 501 can.al.pine ridge spruce,white 2+1 transplants 09/15/79 transplant beds of spruce and lodgepole pine 502 can.al.pine ridge seed storage 09/15/79 Seed storage building 503 can.ont.ramore greenhouses 08/15/80 General view of Ramore private grower; uses waste heat from natural gas compressor station 504 transplanting 05/15/80 10-row transplanter in action 505 greenhouses 05/15/80 General view of Fraser Inc.'s operations 506 can.nb.juniper spruce,black 2+1 can.nb.second falls can.nb.second falls spruce,black 1+0 container 06/15/80 Germinants in multipots; n.b. poor germination(40% filled cavities) 507 can.nb.second falls spruce,black 2+0 container 06/15/80 Seedlings after two! growing seasons in multipots, n.b. mortality and poor growth 508 usa.ga.savannah pine,loblolly 1+0 seedbeds 03/15/81 General view of Union Camp nursery outside Savannah 509 can.ont.creekside greenhouses 02/15/82 General view of Dennis' Trevisanuto's nursery outside Thunder Bay 510 can.ont.creekside greenhouse 02/15/82 Inside of greenhouse to be used to grow seedlings for MNR 511 can.ont.hills greenhouses 02/15/82 General view of Hill's greenhouses from outside 512 can.ont.hills greenhouses 02/15/82 general view of construction at Hills for growing of seedlings for MNR 513 can.ont.hodwitz greenhouse 02/15/82 General view of construction at Hodwitz' to grow seedlings for MNR 514 can.ont.lafleur pine,jack 1+0 container 05/15/82 View of pine in paperpots grown for MNR at Timmins, Lafleur's 515 can.ont.aidie creek spruce,black 1+0 container 05/15/82 View inside greenhouse of seedlings in paperpots 516 can.ont.swastika spruce,black 1+0 cuttings, rooted 05/15/82 Rooted balack spruce cuttings from seedlings(400k produced) 517 can.ont.swastika spruce,black 1+0 soil mix 05/15/82 Growth of Marchantia in spruce bed resulting from using a purchased soil mixIPromix) which contains alkaline peat,i.e. liime mixed in 518 seedbeds 09/15/82 General view of seedbed lands 519 520 can.bc.red rock can.bc.red rock spruce,white 2+0 seedbeds 09/15/82 View of 2+0seedbeds; bandsown with Phosphorus placement at that time can.bc.red rock spruce,white 2+0 seedling 09/15/82 Extracted seedling from beds in slide#520; n.b. fibrous root system 521 can.bc.prince george spruce,white 2+1 transplants 09/15/82 General view of transplant beds of Indutrial Forestry AssociationIFAat Prince George 522 can.bc.prince george spruce,white 2+1 transplant 09/15/82 Extracted seedling n.b. fibrous roots; IFA nursery cf.slide#522 523 greenhouses 09/15/82 General view of forestry centre and greenhouses of Northwood Pulp atPrince George 524 525 can.bc.prince george can.bc.prince george spruce,white 1+0 container 09/15/82 View in side greenhouse of Northwood Pulp at Prince George can.ont.kenora pine,jack 1+0 container 07/15/82 View in side Weisgerber's(private grower for MNR) greenhouse in can.ont.swastika spruce,black 1+0 container 09/15/82 View of black spruce in paperpots, ready for hardening off. 527 can.nf.grand falls spruce,black 2+0 seedbeds 06/15/84 General view of seedbeds in new land 528 can.nf.grand falls greenhouses 06/15/84 General view of seedbeds and greenhouses 529 can.ont.swastika building 06/15/83 View of new nursery building opened June,1983 530 Kenora 526 can.ont.swastika spruce,black 1+0 container 06/15/83 General view of black spruce in paperpot containers in shade lot 531 can.ont.swastika spruce,black 1+0 cuttings 06/15/83 Parent stock of full sib cuttings 532 can.ont.swastika spruce,black 2+0 cuttings 06/15/83 Parent stock,full sib cuttings 533 greenhouses 06/15/83 General view of greenhouse(glass) at Lava Mtn. private grower. This is the old radar property 534 can.ont.ramore can.ont.ramore spruce,black 1+0 container 06/15/83 General view inside greenhouse 535 can.ont.val gagne spruce, black 1+0 container 06/15/83 General view inside Millson's greenhouse(private grower for MNR) 536 can.ont.swastika spruce,black 1+0 container 07/15/83 View inside plastic house on occassion of academic tour hosted by MNR(KAA's initiative) 537 can.ont.timmins spruce,black 1+0 container 06/15/83 View of spruce being "hardened off" at Lafleur's greenhouse in 538 can.ont.timmins Timmins(he is private grower for MNR) 06/15/83 Sign in front of Northern Greenhouses(Deluce owned) one of the private growers for MNR; east of Timmins 539 can.ont.timmins spruce, black 1+0 container 06/15/83 General view of hardening off of early crop and greenhouses can.ont.timmins spruce,black 1+0 container 06/15/83 View inside Northern Greenhouse's(Stan Deluce-owned) with the peoplefrom the academic tour(Dave Love is visible) 541 1+0 hardening off 06/15/83 View of shaded hardening-off area and track for vehicle to carry 542 greenhouses 08/15/83 Dennis Trevisanuto, owner of Creekside nursery explaining to Bob can.ont.timmins can.ont.thunder bay 540 containers Carman(Sec'y to Cabinet) about his production of seedlings for MNR 543 can.ont.thunder bay spruce,black 1+0 transplanting 09/15/85 Container used to raise seedlings in Castle & Cook system. Seedling now ready for transplanting;Thunder Bay MNR nursery 544 can.ont.thunder bay spruce,black 1+0 transplanting 09/15/85 General view of Castle & Cook seedlings being raised at Thunder Bay nursery of MNR for fiel transplanting 545 can.ont.thunder bay spruce,black 1+1 transplanting 09/15/85 Extracted transplant after two months in field transplant lines at Thunder Bay MNR nursery 546 can.ont.swastika aerial 06/15/85 Aerial view of Swastika nursery cf.slides #160,161,162 547 can.ont.timmins greenhouse 05/23/85 Mary Mogford(Deputy Min. MNR), Stan Deluce, George McCormack at the Northern Greenhouses(owned by Deluce) 548 container 08/15/84 View of seedlings inside greenhouse 549 aerial 08/15/84 Aerial views of MNR's Thessalon nursery in the middle of the can.ont.thessalon can.ont.thessalon pine,red 1+0 Kirkwood forest 550 can.ont.thunder bay 05/15/87 Investigation team set up to investigate reasons for loss of 17mm seedlings by private growers in the Thunder Bay area at Hodwitz' 551 can.ont.thunder bay 05/15/87 John Cary asking, "What the hell is this?" 552 can.ont.thunder bay 05/15/87 KAA, John Cary and Gord Oldford looking at dead tres at Creekside nursery(Trevisanuto-owned) 553 �LOCATION SPECIES AGE CLASS can.ont.thunder bay spruce,black 1+0 container ACTIVITY DATE 05/15/87 View if dessicated, dead seedlings at Creeekside nursery, part of investigation DESCRIPTION NO 554 can.ont.thunder bay spruce,black 1+0 dessication 05/15/87 View of green and dessicated seedlings to show roots; from beds in slide #554 at Creekside nursery(Trevisanuto) 555 �SPECIES AGE CLASS can.ont.pass lake LOCATION spruce,black 1+0 containers 05/15/87 View of containers to show why there is poor germination; lack of support so that containers are irregular and this causes gaps and compaction 556 can.ont.pass lake spruce,black 1+0 container 05/15/87 KAA and Keith McClain at Grundy's private greenhouse 557 can.ont.thunder bay pine,jack 1+0 container 05/15/87 View of one set with only 70% mortality. Why? See other beds in background. This is at Hodwitz' 558 restocking 05/15/87 Hodwitz' workers restocking trays, after major losses to dessication 559 560 can.ont.thunder bay ACTIVITY DATE DESCRIPTION NO can.ont.dorion spruce, black 1+0 dessication 05/15/87 View of mortality at A&R nursery as a result of dessication can.ont.dorion spruce,black 1+0 dessication 05/15/87 Views of extracted seedlings showing degree of dessication to can.ont.midhurst pine,red 2+0 disease 04/15/88 Poor growth of red pine due to attack by Cylindrocladium spp. 562 can.ont.midhurst pine,red 2+1 transplant 04/15/88 Middle bed did not have the roots dipped in slurry, while all other seedlings in other beds did 563 can.ont.midhurst pine,red 2+0 disease 04/15/88 Extracted seedlings showing damage to roots by Cylindrocladium spp. cf.slide#562 564 can.ont.guelph seedbeds 07/15/06 View of Ontario's first tree nursery at OAC,Guelph; established in 1904 by Prof.Brown 565 can.ont.st.williams seedbeds 04/15/09 View of first seedbeds being prepared in 1909; the province's first tree nursery(gov.) established 1908 566 can.bc.maple ridge greenhouses 11/15/91 General view of Pelton's greenhouses;very large production-17mm+ 567 mortality at A&R's greenhouse 561 can.bc.maple ridge spruce,white 1+0 container 11/15/91 Extracted seedling from styroblock container, ready for cold storage 568 can.bc.maple ridge poinsettias 1+0 flowers 11/15/91 Poinsettias grown in "off" season to provide income 569 can.bc.maple ridge spruce,white 1+0 storage 11/15/91 Removing plugs for packing in winter storage 570 can.ont.alliston hemlock,eastern roots 08/15/91 Hemlock extracted to show major root development in summer 571 can.al spruce, white 2+2 05/15/80 Outplanted 2+2 BR at Cardinal coal mines, N.B. Nitrogen deficiency as shown by chlorosis 572 can.al spruce, white 1+0 05/15/80 Outplanted container stock at Cardinal coal mines, cf.#572. These container seedlings show no Nitrogen deficiency 573 2+2+2 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ken Armson fonds Subject The topic of the resource Forestry Description An account of the resource A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1995 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Forest tree nursery slides Subject The topic of the resource Forest Products Industry Description An account of the resource A full listing of forest tree nursery slides as part of the Ken Armson fonds. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ken Armson Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text