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PAGE

1 of 4

Volume Two , Number Two - December 1986

NATIVE LANGUAGE
EDUCATION in ONTARIO
JJfnr uuto us u .cqi!h i5 horn, 


ADVANCE NOTICE FOR NLIP ­
Three important notes concerning next su11111er's
NLIP
1. 	Because of a sharply rising number of appli­
cants, it may be necessary to limit first
year enrollment of NLTC in the sunmer of
1987. For this reason, it is strongly re­
commended that: (a) All sponsoring agencies
and potential students be advised to decide
early on their training needs for the summer.
(b) Those desiring to enter year one of the
program apply as early as possible. (c) All
applicants read carefully and fully prepare
their application forms before submitting
them, incl uding any background or reference
material that may be requested. Applications
are not accepted until all information is
complete.
Students presently enrolled in NLIP are re­
quested to pass the above notice along to all
who might be interested. Thank you!
2. 	 "The Institute" is considering the possi­
bility of offering a course in (computer)
word-processing in the sun111er of 1987.
Preference would be given to those who
already know how to type. If you are an
NLIP grad, and are interested in taking such
a course, do try to prepare yourself by
learning the basics of touch typing (if you
don't already know how).
This course (if we are able to offer it) will
be an i ~portant one for those interested in
improving their skills in materials prepara­
tion, and would be well worth the extra effort
involved.
3. 	NASL/NLI Diploma Students, please note:
The fourth and final year of studies toward
your diploma in a Native Language as a
Second Language is-offered' only once every
two years. It will be offered in the summer
of 1987, but not, we expect, in the sunmer of
1988. Please make your plans accordingly.
M.L.M.
NLTC STUDENTS -- A7TENT10N
Ann Guthmann recently contacted you by letter
requesting that you submit your teaching time­
table for this year. If you haven't already done
so, please send this in at your earliest con­
venience, or phone Ann between 9-12 or 1-4 any
Monday or Wednesday at (807)345-2121, ext. 542.
M.L.M.

AND when we give
each other Christmas gifts
in Hi~ name, let us remember that He
has given us the sun and the moon and the
stars, and the earth with its
forest~ and mountains and oceans-and all
that lives and moves upon them.
He has given us all green things and
everything that blossoms and bears fruit­
and all that we quarrel about
and all that we misuse-and to save
us from our own foolishness
from all our sins, He came down
to earth and gave us Himself .

�PAGE 2 of 4
• CREE AND 	 OJIBW~ GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY

c.

Douglas Ellis
McGill University

The stem classes call equally for a nomen­
clature and the following were put forward:
Noun 	

~-w!htamak~akahk

b ·ii•cL9Lb ••
The "Native as a Second Language"
program of 	the Ontario Ministry of
Education has made apparent the need
for clear-cut grammatical statements
in the several native languages of the
Province. 	 This need became especially
evident at 	the Native Language Instruc­
tors' Program recently held at Lakehead
University, where Cree and Ojibwe
speaking teachers were preparing for
language teaching assignments by study­
ing, among 	other things, the structure
of their own language(s). One of the
first requirements for drafting such a
statement is that of a native language
grammatical 	terminology.
In the course of discussing the struc­
ture of AJ.gonqui an a set of provisional
grammatical terms was developed, - for
the most part in Cree. These are sub­
mitted in the hope that discussion will
lead to further and more useful sugges­
tions.
Use of the syllabic system for purposes
of instruction led naturally to consi­
deration of the nature of a syllable
and its components. Tet1IIS developed
for vowels and consonants were ­
Vowels

~-pay~htihtakwahki

'b ~"i • :-v· C· b • P - "pure
VQ iced sounds"

Consonants

ka-wanahcihiw~a\cahki

b • &lt;J.;. Or I 6 •V\.... b Ip
"interrupting sounds"
since the latter characteristically
interrupt or disturb any stream of the
former. With a little apt illustration
the terms are likely to be readily
understood by the av e rage school child
of an age appropriate to grammatical
study.
After reflection on the concept of the
syllable and its composition, a useful
term (and a reasonable Cree rendition of

- ''that
"which names"

Verb 	

ka-t~ciklltek

b ::&gt;r6u•
- "that which
is done": i.e., an action
word.
(This latter term was sug~ested by one of
the teachers 2. While it has certain evident
disadvantages, it appears to have gained
a measure of currency.) Further terms
proposed by the same teacher were for
Pronoun 	

kll-tapiskak!makahk

b CA' b~Lb •• ­
"that which replaces"

or

ka-mlskocisk:.ik~akahk

6

r'

dr'b9Lb ••
- ''that
which exchanges place With"
The fourth of this set, suggested in
class discussion, was
Particle 	

itw~winiS

6•U•6C'"

- "a little
saying, a little word".

The three basic mechanisms of word
building came in for discussion and
ter111s proposed were ­
Inflection kisipahk ~-kw~skipaliki3
PJ'&lt;. ••
b · 'i ' P&lt;,P ­
"what turns, changes about
at the end".
(An Ojibwe use for "inflectional ending"
suggested by a class member4 embodies
the notion of "bending":
waki-iskw~p~kinan

. &lt;iP 6.' • qvPo...
"inflectional endings", ­
the ending alone being iskw~pekinan.
.6' . qypQ..
Composition

~niskwahikewin

&lt;fer'· b"6.q•6•- "joining"

u11).;.1..,13.f in its grammatical sense) seemed

to be ­
was represented in Ojibwe4 by
Syllable

!_-

'V

or

~-m~mawihtakwahk

b LL·6"C· b ••

iinihkohik~win

­

&lt;i(I'• d 1 A9 • .c.•,

"which sounds together' ' .
Since syllabic spelling spans and often
obscures morphemic boundaries, an essen­
tial distinction is tha t between morpheme
and syllable. The term suggested was ­
Morpheme

~-aniskohtaniwahki oc~pihkwa

V'

•r

A' P ·Ca-·&lt;J••
- "the
separate piece which means
(something)" •

By using so-called " structural spel~ing" 1
a form such as kanawapahtam, bo.. · &lt;l&lt; •c1...
becomes bo.. 0 • • • &lt;I&lt; •.• &lt;l" &lt;: ••• &lt;l'-,
and
the distinc tion between morpheme and syl­
lable is clear.
At this point the notion of "distinctive
sound" is also handy to have. Suggested
as a name for the taxonomic phoneme is ­
ka-nisitowihtakwahk
"the
sound which is distinguished,
recognizable"

t&gt;'lN·b

"joined' stems".
A third proposal was that for derivation:
Derivation 	 e-ohcipaliki

V'

oc~pihkwa

t&gt;"r&lt;,p

t&gt;1A"•b
"stems coming from,
stems deriving".

Names put forward for the characteristic
parts of a stem were ­
Root

l

@)

-­

watapiy

·&lt;JCA
Medial 	

ka-tastaw~palik

b

C.'C·V'&lt;,•
- "what
stands in the middle"

b 1rr'J· u "C·b""

...

&lt;ia-'d"Ccr·&lt;l"P

ka-piskihc 1 tw~iwahk

6

Phoneme 	

the Cree alternative suggested being

Final

ka-misiwehtamalcahk
b r r' · v •Clb ••
"what completes"; and for

Stem

ocepihk5
t&gt;11\ ,.

ALGONQUIAN AND IROQUOIAN LINGUISTICS 10:4
Reprinted with permission

\


�..

•


PAGE 3 of 4

acceptable usage
seemed to be ­

An

fo~

Dependent Ste111s

ABSTRACTS

Suggestopedia and Soviet Sleep-Learning 

Bancroft, W. Jane, 

Evaluative Report published 1981. 


uependent Stems
lca-ohci-akot!ki oc!pihlcwa
b C&gt; 1 r &lt;ldUP t&gt; 11\ '·b
"stems which hang frooi,
depend".
The notion is quickly clarified by illus­
trated explanation.
No satisfactory term was arrived at for
Gender. The two specific genders, however,
are now widely rendered as
kl-pimlltis!mak.ahk

Anilaate 	

b /\l...n/Lb"

'!his paper examines the parallels between
suggestopedia and Soviet sleep-learning for
learning foreign languages. Both systems are based
on the idea that the acquisition of infonnation
can occur in states below the optimal levels of
consciousness. Hypnopedia makes use of the period
of paradoxical or light sleep that generally
occu7s just as one is falling into a deep sleep
and.Just before o~e awakens. '!he original suggesto­
ped1a class comprised a special two part relaxation
session for memorization of the lesson material at
an unconscious level. As initiated in the Soviet
Union, sleep-learning was intended to be used in
conjunction with regular daytime classes in foreign

or 	 U-pimatahk

b Ille n

"" .

-

la~uages and other academic subjects. Both suggesto­
ped1a and Soviet hypnopedia present lesson material
in the form of paired associates and utilize repeti­
tion, rhythn, and intonation as aids to memorization.
Also both make use of a two part session for
memorization of previously studied materials-active
concentration of the text in a state of relaxed
alertness and passive absorption of the text in a
state of light sleep or in a state bordering on sleep.
Finally both claim that their respective systems have
very positive effects on the memory and on the well
being of the student.

"what lives"

Inanimate 	 _!!! lc.ll-pimlltis!maltahk

'Vb b /\LnlLb ••
oz&gt; 	

!kl lc.ll-pimlltahk

Vb b /\Len
-

"what does not live, is not alive".

A further fine distinction is made by
Mrs. Angela Moore, a native speaker who
also teaches Cree. This designates non­
living entities which are clas•ed gram­
matically as animate, such as emihlcwlln,
'Vr • ·\, .. , "spoon":
lcll-pimltistwat~cikit!lti

i:, lllnl·&lt;Dri,up
which might be paraphrased as "things
which are talked about as living".
I would like to thank the members of the
class in the Structure of Algonquian III
and especially Larry Beardy t Bertha Metat
who were active in discussing the several
possibilities recorded above, and Mrs.
Angela Moore,. who acted as Teaching
Assistant for the course in Spoken Cree.

Game-Like Activities and the Teaching of Foreign 

Languages.

Harper, Sandra N. 

Paper presented at the Great Lakes Colleges 

Association foreign Languages Conference, 

Albion, MI, April 10, 1981. 


- C. Douglas Ellis
NOTES
l. The term was supplied by John
Nichols.
2. 	 Mrs. Angela Moore of Calstock, Ont.
3. 	 For the N-Dialect, read all

!'a

as

E·

4. 	 Larry Beardy of Muskrat: Dam, Ont.
5. This was proposed by A. Faries of
Mooaonee and South SchU1Dacher, Ont.

Sometiws actions speak loud.tr
than words, especially whm the
words do not flow easily. (Copy­
right 1972, United Feature Syn­
dicate, Inc.)
WHAT I MEAN 15." WHAT I
WANT TO SA'&lt; JS••• HOW CAN
I PU1' IT INTO WORDS? WHAT
11\t 1l'&lt;IN6 10 SAi( l~L

Among the justification for using games in
foreign language teaching, one finds the theory
that games play an important role in the instruc­
tional and learning processes and that they can
be designed to develop linguistic skills and
C011111Unicative abilities. A review of several
authors not only suggests the value of games and
game-like activities to relieve boredom and enhance
learning, but also gives indications for a meaning­
ful progression of such activities. A large nl.lnber of
of games and group activities are described. Each
description includes the games purpose, the pro­
cedure, and some examples. 1he activities described are
are appropriate for elemelllary and intermediate
levels; some could be used in more advanced clas ses .

RATS ! I WAS HOPlN6 SHE
COOLO M IT INTO WOR~...

�PAGE 4

MORE ABSTRACTS

"Cultllt'e and Constructs: Coornunicating Attitudes 

and Values in the Foreign Language Classroom" 

Kramsch, Claire J. 

Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the 

American ColXiCi.l on the Teaching of Foreign 

Languages(Oenver, Co. Nov. 1981). 

Cross-cultural comnunication cannot be
achieved if students are only presented with
cultural facts. Instruction must involve the
affective and cognitive processes of the learner
in interpreting these facts. Before students can
understand the attitudes and values of a foreign
cultur~they must be aware of their own attitudes and
and values in interprting foreign events. The pap­
er discusses the design of classroom exercises
and activities to clarify the attitudes and values
underlying cultural facts. 'nte bridges for under­
standing other cultures do not exist at the level
of one's personal constructs of those events. lhe
teachers task is to make these constructs apparent
and observable to students without putting them on
the defensive or reinforcing stereotypes. One method
of accomplishing this is through the use of repertory
grid which shows how different people from
different cultures construe the same events
differently.Classroom exercises for establishing
a conmon ground of shared experiences aim at
construing the experiences of another person
together with ones own.

"Award-Winning Foreign Language Programs: Pre­ 

scriptions for Success." 

Sims, William D. and Hanrnond, Sondra B. 

American Council on tha Teaching of Foreign 

Languages. Hastings-on-Hudson,N.Y. 

Pub. date 81 

lhe study reviews SO foreign langauge
programs in the United States that are said to
be both inspirational and useful for providing
concrete information about the creation and
preservation of successful language programs.
The progr~ited are exemplary and can serve
as models.for educators and administrators to
study and visit. Program selection was based
on the results of questionnaires and onsite
visits. 'Ihe following variables are among those
used as guides to success programs: overall
enrollment in terms of the state average, rate
of sequence completion (i.e. degree of attrition)
scope of the program, and degree of proficiency
as indicated by examination results. Each pro­
gram profile presents background information and
dicussion and analysis of the features that make
the program successful. The most outstanding
general charactaristics of success observed were:
(1) articulated curricullEl, (2) co- and extracur­
ricular activities that integrate language study
with school life, (3) high incidence of target
language usage, (4) good administ:ative support,
(5) effective use of community resources, {6)
~cudy and travel abroad options and exchange pro­
l-ams, (7) a strong public relations effect, and
(d) a resolve to connect language stu:ly with the
f-actical and concrete.
Christine Hardy

Native Language Newspaper

If you need more info rmation about Faculty of Education
abstract &amp;, please contact:
Lak~head University
Thunder Bay, Ontario

P7B SEl

"A Language Development Program for Yup' ii&lt;
Eskimo Children of Alaska."
Dole, Janice A. 

Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the 

National Association of Bilingual Education 

(Bos ton , MA, May , 1981) . 

A center was established in 1978 to develop
a program of curriculum materials designed to
enable the school districts in Alaska to streng­
then and improve the English and Native-language
skills of Yup'ik children. The program is described
here as well as its rationale and philosophical
assumptions, t he materials that have been develop­
ed, and the implimentation of those materials in
Alaskan school districts. ·1 materials known as the
Development Languaqe Program, dra designed to in
crease and expand upon the existing co1T111un 1 c~tion
skills of Yup'ik students within the context of
their Alas kan experiences. The OLP consists of cur­
ricular mat erials which infuse language activities
and experiences into subject areas. Included is a
description of the teachers handbooks, the setups of
units and activities, a sample lesson plan consist­
ing of five modules, supplemental activities, and
implimentation of the language units. The discus-.
sion concludes with an outline of the teacher-training
program and a sullfllary of initial feedback.

�</text>
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