222 10 13630 https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/5/2728/040908-003a.jpg 1c551a22c0dabf2903a83a549aa0d678 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource General Archives Description An account of the resource Archival records that don't belong to another listed collection. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dawson hockey team, Klondike Subject The topic of the resource Sports People Description An account of the resource Sepia-toned group portrait of a hockey team. Individuals are identified as follows (back row l/r) Marsden, London Eng; McLelland, Kingston; Tiffin, Stratford; Young, Ottawa; (front row l/r) Stevenson, Toronto; Calvert (Manager), Montreal; Nourse, Winnipeg." Inscription recto: Dawson Hockey Team. Marsden, London Eng; McLelland, Kingston; Tiffin, Stratford; Young, Ottawa; Stevenson, Toronto; Calvert (Manager), Montreal; Nourse, Winnipeg. Caption on image: "Goetzman Dawson 334" Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource H.J. Goetzman Studio Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1900s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A0014#136,Z/13 scan# 040908-003 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donated by Mrs. Cochran Dawson hockey players hockey team Klondike Portrait https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/5/2729/040908-004a.jpg 0e7bd5497cd72d4d148c526a6dbc8c3b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource General Archives Description An account of the resource Archival records that don't belong to another listed collection. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Winter travel in the Klondike Subject The topic of the resource Mining People Description An account of the resource Sepia-toned photograph of an outdoor winter scene. Goetzman's four dog team is stopped on a frozen trail. The sled has elevated wooden sides and advertizes Goetzman's Photo Studio. Caption on image: "Goetzman Dawson 012" Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource H.J. Goetzman Studio Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1899 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A0014#136,Z/13 scan#040908-004 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donated by Mrs. Cochran Dawson Dogsled Goetzman trails winter https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/5/2730/img20200716_12285623_[2].jpg cd738fac46c2e0d7b7564611c2bfd842 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource General Archives Description An account of the resource Archival records that don't belong to another listed collection. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Klondyke photographs cover Subject The topic of the resource Mining People Description An account of the resource Brown stock paper covering a photo album that contains over 40 photographs of the Klondike circa 1897 - 1904. Donation No. , Archive No. and Box No. are located in the upper left of the album. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource H.J. Goetzman Studio Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1897 - 1904 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A0014#136/Z13 scan#img.20200716_12285623 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donation by Mrs. Cochran 1897 1903 Klondyke photo album photographs https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/5/2731/img20200716_12365822_[2].jpg 29da4832ac8db1a1c6238bb850080041 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource General Archives Description An account of the resource Archival records that don't belong to another listed collection. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Donor inscription on verso of the title-leaf of the album Subject The topic of the resource Mining People Description An account of the resource Inscription "To E.E. Tiffin, With the Compliments of the Photographer Dawson, Y.T. - Aug. 2 - 1902" Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource H.J. Goetzman Studio Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 2, 1902 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donated by Mrs. Cochran Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A0014#136,/Z13 scan#img.20200716_12365822 1902 August Dawson E.E. Triffin inscription Klondyke photo album Yukon Territory https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/5/2732/230708-001a.jpg 19a34dee4af8c49bc8259434d4f1c2f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource General Archives Description An account of the resource Archival records that don't belong to another listed collection. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stampeders ascending Chilkoot Pass with tents and supplies in the foreground, 1898 Subject The topic of the resource Mining People Description An account of the resource Stampeders preparing for ascent at Chilkoot and Pedersen Pass with supplies and tents in the foreground , Alaska, spring 1898. Image on caption: "Ascending Chilkoot Pass, Spring of 1898"; "En route to Klondike Gold Fields" (series) #603 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource H.J. Goetzman Studio Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1898 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donated by Mrs. Cochran Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photograph Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A0014#136,Z/13, scan#img20200610_11023714 Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image 1898 Alaska Chilkoot Pass (Alaska) Chilkoot Trail paths stampeders trails https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/5/2733/img20200610_11075453_[2].jpg 4ade3c226f640ebc7870d4bdea4cc57f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource General Archives Description An account of the resource Archival records that don't belong to another listed collection. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stampeders ascending Chilkoot Pass, Alaska Spring 1898 Subject The topic of the resource Mining People Description An account of the resource Stampeders ascending Chilkoot Pass with supplies and tents in the foreground, Alaska spring 1898. Image on caption "Ascending Chilkoot Pass, Spring 1898", "En route to Klondike Gold Fields" (series)#602 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource H.J. Goetzman Studio Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1898 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donated by Mrs. Cochran Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A0014#136/Z13 scan# img20200610_11075453 1898 Alaska Chilkoot Pass (Alaska) Chilkoot Trail paths stampeders trails https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/5/2734/img20200610_11292182_[2].jpg b6199c4b9147e5b445f7892eae23c9a4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource General Archives Description An account of the resource Archival records that don't belong to another listed collection. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Scene at Bennett, Spring of 1898 Subject The topic of the resource Mining People Description An account of the resource Panoramic view of Bennett on Bennett Lake, British Columbia, head of navigation. Captions on image: "Scene at Bennett, Spring 1898", "En route to the Klondike goldfields", "608, Copyrighted Goetzman Dawson" Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donated by Mrs. Cochran Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context A0014#136,Z/13 scan#27080-002 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource H.J. Goetzman Studio Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1898 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Still image Bennett Bennett Lake British Columbia panoramic tents https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/16/2735/1974_Vol_1_No._12_CV01.pdf 5f0c5a6556c3be1fdded58661dad90b1 PDF Text Text ilitkisli\\%1'ts 44,0 ak -ace. 4400* PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �EDITORIAL POLICY The newsletter group,(a separate yet supportive group of the Northern Women's Centre)reflects the complexity of the make up of the Northern Woments Centre as a whole. Being a smaller, unified group, editorial board of The Northern Woman will the attempt through collective creative and thought-provoking comments, to respond to, and express (through a consensus of opinion) their reactions to various articles, letters and timely topics of interest. Through such a policy it is hoped Woman will become a tool for women that The Northern to develop an increased understanding of their situation and forces affecting their lives. EDITORIAL: Our cover is a reproduction (thanks to Doreen) of a poster created by The Chicago Women's Collective. We feel it is particularly appropriate this month as we are dealing in part with a VERY FRUSTRATING ISSUE -- R A P E. It has been calculated that a rape takes place in the U.S. about every 7 minutes; few, however, are reported and even fewer are convicted. Here in Northwestern Ontario there are several rape cases presently in the courts, Unfortunately, it is doubtful that these cases will produce any earth-shattering results -- in fact, little can be done until vast changes in our legal system and our social attitudes are brought about and this can only happen if we unite in our actions. rnly through a vast restructuring of our present society will the basic cause of rape be eliminated. Suggestions, reactions to and defence against rape (such as those suggested in the articles on 'Rape') are necessary as Istop-gap defence techniques, for the present. It must be realized, however, that they are only stop-gap, band-aid actions which treat the disease rather than the cause. A deepar analysis, then, of the PROBLEM ust be made, and the appropriate action -- a UNITED ACTION -- must be taken. SPEAK OUT MORGENTALER SENTENCED TO l5 MONTHS IN PRISON Dr. Kenry Morgentaler, who has described Canadats abortion laws as "immoral, discredited and an affront to the people," was sentenced July 25th to 18 months in prison. A three-year probation period (during which Morgentaler is forbidden to perform abortions except in an approved hospital) was also imposed. c °K.+. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �Our :eartion: Wc are outrage(' p-e,:ent ahortl)-, The appel2ate court decision over sror,' A +4- a-, 4- 1`. of last NovH-:r when a Court of ueents Penh jury acluitter3 Morentnler. c'n deny women a very LafAc freedom....f-pFdom of the right ::c-,, we are further in 011-00: inecnze(' that a competent doctor, who rtrcncly telie.e2 in justice, w' h. s teen -'..enior, Touf.7,hobt the tr7Lal, Morrentaler attr-.cker3 C:anaa'L !:lbortion laws the frordorr, of erying out Fin professional Obty. as part of I.hir defenre.for s jc tice, am !,J,rking not ordv for me hut for the -women of 'Tanada, rentene he sai during pre - orumer.ts earTler this "1 ca.nnot- believe that_ an or immoral law c_an be up-IHeld for zr.7)ntb- en Thin opprerrfon eonstitutes thre-,_t to the further denial of other basic frPe=Thms. WE MUST ACT N n f *oat e still believe Very strongly I hat what I di was .n..ot kno per,tae Pr te your Fl, P. only. morally requlre(r) r-ight buJ. The n. P. Andras r House of Commons Ont. Yr. P. McRae, M.P. House. of Commons Ottawa, Ont. Mr. KeitY. l'enner, lioue of Commons Ont voice your stronr opposition to thin outrageous violation of our rights. The Northern Women Centre is pleased to announce that we have found a co-ordinator, Estella Howard Friedlander has taken on the duties of organizing the volunteers, setting up programs, establishing an office routine etc. etc. The centre is open from 10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. daily and most evenings for meetings or just dropping in from 7:00 pm. 10:00 p.m. Lots of things are going to he happening - consciousness raising, study groups, action groups - watch for them-and participate WE NEED YOU. Phone 623-3107 - Drop in - 132 North Archibald Street, second floor. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �special report KENORA, ONTARIO, September, 1974 The.Charge: M. C., K. C., D. B. charged with "unlawful intercourse with a female, not the wife of any of them without her consent, extorted by threats of bodily harm, gross indecency, and causing bodily harm with intent to wound, maim or disfigure." The Law: Mr Justice Goodman Defense counsel John Bowles, Winnipeg Crown Attorney Ted Burton, Kenora. Complaintive: Ms. C. B. G. 35years, treaty Indian from Morson, Ontario, mother of 13 year old and 15 year old. April 1, 1974-April 5, 1974. Trial #1: Ms. B. G. drinking at a local hotel with a male relative. Approached in a friendly manner by D. B., joined him for a drink, accepted a ride home as he was living near her place. Accepted a further invition for a drink in his apartment. Immediately after she entered the apartment, two men entered, K.C. and M.C. She was then violated by all three of them over a period of 2 1/2 hours. After her testimony, a mistrial was declared--her lawyer, Mr. Burton had been seen talking to one of the jurors during a court recess!! Trial #2: June 10, 1974-June 14, 1974 The Facts To be guilty of rape there must be vaginal-penis penetration without Only one of the accused entered her in this particular manner. Point of Interest- -the other two could have been charged as accessories yet all were not guilty of rape. 1. consent. 2. Her lawyer, in court, made a statement of his cordial feelings toward the M.C. family, in effect supportive to one of the accused. Point of Interest--"good" family breeds "good boy"??? 3. Some of the blood, semen and saliva specimens found on washcloth matched those of complaintive and defendents. Clothes identified as hers were found by police in apartment of D.B. Someone urinated on her hair. Someone cut off a strand of her hair. She was able to identify the three accused out of a police lineup, She took police to the appartment where the assault took place. Point of Interest--rape report phoned to police department about 4:15a.m. Repeat call made at 4:35a.m. Police arrived at 4:55a.m. (40 minutes for guilty to cover any evidence). 4. A taxi driver testified'h- drove the three men and a native woman to D.B. apartment. Point of interest--when questioned by police the next day, the dispatcher PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �ONTARIO, September, 1973 cont'd J had no record of the trip. She questioned all the drivers and they denied the fare. If the four left together couldn't someone at the bar testify to that fact?? An "ornament" with several locks of hair was admitted to evidence. Policeman testified that he had a strand resembling her Her hair was not present. hair but had lost the exhibit. Point of Interest--so who else has gone through a similar ordeal? 5. Mr. B. testified as father of D.B. that he was upstairs the entire time of the alleged assault. He heard three men and a native woman go to the apartment in the basement. Nothing unusual was heard. There was no music as the stereo was broken. Point of Interest--He "heard a native woman"??? He refused to make a M.C. and Ms. B.G. both testifid the stereo was playing. statement to the police! 6. The Decision: 1. 2. 3. D.B. received 26 3 K.C. received 24 M.C. received 18 months months months months for gross indecency common assault. for gross indecency. for gross indecency. These are not the actual length of time these men will serve as they are likely to receive an early parole. , The Local Rumour: The convicted men have not yet begun to serve their sentences as they are fighting the sentence. True or false?? L. S. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor ONISINIMMMIIIMMINermmmwarftworanwomminwereierioc______ �LETTERS July 26, 1974 To Whom It May Concern: The Northern Women's Centre of Thunder Bay has been following the case of Cecilia Big George and Kenneth Carlson, Douglas Brown and Michael Cedarwall. Ms. nig George has been degraded, humiliated and hurt emotionally for life. These three men only received a charge of "gross indecency" and you call this justice!!! Our deepest sympathy goes out to Ms. Big George and her family. As a group of women, we feel this case oppressive and unjust towards women. For years man have been raping women and have been set free by our 'just' law!! Many rapes have never been reported because of the humiliation and degradation experiencedby women in the court rooms. When a woman has enough courage (as Ms. Big George did) to take the case to court, she is abused and held in suspicion by the court. She probably asks herself "Why did I go to the law?" The Women's Centre has had discussions concerning this case and have come up with certain questions -- 1. Why is it that the jury was made up of eleven men and one woman?? 2. Why were there no native people on the jury -- has Kenora not been called a racist town -- then why was the case not taken to another city??? 3. Why did the doctor not make a thorough examination -- was this not mentioned in the court room by the judge as "unprofessional attitude" -- and what is being done about this doctor's attitude??? . Ms. Big George must have gone through pure hell and we must admire her courage. We at the Northern Women's Centre are behind her one hundred percent and feel that not only has she been raped by these three (who were found innocent of the charge of rape), but she has also been ravished by the justice system of Canada. E.E.P. PykPrman I try not to think about that night (was it that long?) but it hard to forget within the closed boundries of this court room. Its a crazy situation, you know. I find myself questioning the reasons behind it all. Was it my fault? Did I, in fact, deserve it? Had I encouraged an attack? I have to stop degrading myself! Do people actually believe I wanted to get raped? As a native woman should i have been fully aware and prepared for the consequences taking into consideration I am a woman, especially an Indian woman. God damn! Self-doubt is so cruel. Why must I feel guilty? I did nothing! Those men did it..they did it I must tell you what happened. Although you might not believe women to be innocent of inviting rape, please try for your own sake to put yourself in my position. You might have found yourself at one time or other in a similar circumstance but only a slim line separates what happened to me from what can happen to you. It was getting late....the bar was /going to close soon. I had been ,/ waiting for a girlfriend who didn't show up. I had beer but I was PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copyaoffew CVISION PDFCompressor not drunk. �A man came over and we began to talk. I can't remember if we introduced ourV...selves, but his name is now well-known to me. Bloor. He seemed nice enough. He asked if I -would like a ride home as he lived /Close to the home where I was staying. `I- I said yes. What would You have done, -truthfully? We went out to the car alone. I remember feeling a closeness to him; v' the kind that accompanies a kind gesture toward you. Everyone enjoys being a matter of concern to some else A matter of minutes later, he asked if /1 would come to his house for a drink. V The night was pleasant...so was he. I consented. Was that wrong? Are all women hopelessly naive to man's intentions? woman One man whose name I did not know then but I do know now, Cotter, said "Shall we strip her and rape her?" Thoughts seered through my brain. This couldn't be happening to me! I looked toward the door. They must have sensed my intention as I was informed that no one was in the house and it would be useless to try anything. That was a joke! I might have stood a chance with one man...but three? What utter helplessness can compare to this! They started taking my clothes off. My brain, somewhat overloaded with the weight of my situation repeated over and over that it was an impossible situation. I didn't hear myself protest to them, I didn't hear anything... just their voices that seemed to echo from a different realm. - This was indeed hell. I feel a blow to my head and I am shoved rudely onto the bed. Bloor did it. Did I get up? Did I struggle? I remember sitting down when I came in, but when did I get up? Bloor positioned himself to my left; Cotter was to my right and the other man, Caine, stood near my feet. Wall took my pants off. I closed my eyes...I couldn't stand to watch. They finished stripping me. Would it satisfy people to say I struggled? I didn't. They would have killed me. I know that now. Are you asking if I had intentions myself? I am not a child. My sexual drives are as any other woman if you are truthful about it. I can assume the responsibility of wanting to sleep with him...but not that which actually,/ happened. Is there some codified law or language of man that ensures sexual access to any woman by any man within the range of SOD miles merely by accepting a drink in a man's apartment? I must go on. We stopped at a house and I followed him down /to his basement suite. I sat down cm4-4-11re-tred /avid- seconds later I heard footsteps approach the room which Bloor and I occupied. Then they walked in. - Many of you might recognize the rush of fear that envelops you. felt as if someone had kicked me in the stomach. There was reason for this fear...instinctive...rational? No I. matter. It was there. :Araeti, PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �I felt a man's weight on my chest. Bloor sat on my breasts and before I could protest he shoved his penis into my mouth. I cannot describe my repulsion! At the same time Cane had inserted his tongue into my vagina. I was sickened and shamed beyond belief. But this was not enough for them. Cotter demanded that I masturbate him...I pulled my hand away and a surge of pain went through me when I felt something hot pressed against my finger-nail. A cigarette! They were putting me through this incredible torment and one man was actually having a leisurally smoke! My body and my mind were beyond comprehending the situation from one second to another. How long had this been going on? What would they do to me next. "Suriti-yeu_bitch". Bloor climaxed in my mouth. I felt sick. My thoughts clashed in my brain. It was too much for my psyche to handle! I remember thinking that is only there was someone to help me; if someone would just appear, then I would have fought with every ounce of strength I had. Si-s-t-ersonly___y_au---11-ad-beeii there! Caine tried to insert his penis into my vagina. Bloor moved off and I fell off the bed. The impact did not hurt me.. I was beyond that kind of pain. I remember seeing those men do those things and yet not see them. It was as though I was watching a movie on a screen. Perhaps it was all in my mind My brain could not handle that which my body knew. I remember clearly what happened next. I won't forget. Bloor stood near my head. Raising his penis he told Caine "I'm going to piss on her face". Oh, God! Caine turned my face away but I felt the warm, bitter mel.ling liquid dripping through my hair. At the same time Caine climaxed inside inside me. He didn't stop. There seems to be a void where time is concerned. It seemed as hours had gone by before Caine finally got off me. I sat up somewhat dazed and said that I wanted to go. They did all that could be done to degrade a woman. Or did they? They stood huddled in a group away from me. I heard one say to the other that I "was good" and that he should try me. He said "no", I think. My breath felt suspended; my body and soul that of someone else when I heard the next words. Bloor - "Lets drive her somewhere and kill her?" This couldn't be happening to me! Caine - "No". I have to breathe! Bloor - "Lets stick a bottle up her." He's sick! I want to stick my fingers into his eyes...to claw at his throat. Cotter - "Its my turn." Not again! to walk again. No. I want to go. Just to he able Cotter - "Lay down." No. I said. He pushed me over...face to the wall. He is thrusting his penis into my rectum. The pain! Someone has grabbed my hair! What is he deing7 Bloor announced suddenly..."There, I've scalped an Indian". He cut my hair. a knife With what? My God if he has There's blood on the sheet. Is it mine, I'm asked. I don't know. My body is not mine. I'm observing this from afar. A finger is in my vagina. "Yes, its yours." Mine? Mine? Bloor has a rope in his hand. There are bells on the end of it. They ring as he whips it against my hack. I can still hear those bells. The pain is mine...the body is not. I asked Cotter to stop Bloor from hurting me. His answer was to stick his finger in my vagina as he could not get hard inside me. I begged him not to hurt me. My face is forced towards Cotter's penis and he thrusts it in my mouth. My mind is swarming with hatred. and shame. Bloor and Caine are laughing and saying, "Go to her Cotter, give her one for me." Within seconds I felt blows against my head. My ears rang and my head throbbed. Something warm ran from my nose and I tasted blood in my mouth. Bloor kept kicking. C El\-\\ch PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �I feel a sickening waim liquid fill my mouth and pray this is the last. God I just want to go home. I lay there motionless, maybe now these men will free me. They're going to kill me! I felt myself sinking into oblivion. It will be over soon. Caine saw the blood. He stopped Bloor. What happened after that is in some doubt. Caine was washing my face...I remember that Bloor left the room. !:verything stopped. My mind hesitated in acknowledging that the ordeal was over, but my main compulsion was to run even to the point of begging for help from rapists. I begged Caine to walk out with me. Bloor was evil...a sadist, more so than the others. My body warned me, my mind warned me. Caine knew and complied. I remember looking for my clothes, but I don't recall when I dressed. Caine and I somehow ended up in the street. He walked me to the end of theI block. started to run. How long I ran I don't know. I stopped and looked behind. What if they followed me.? Perhaps they changed their minds about killing me. No one was there. My lungs were burSting; my body wracked with feelings indescribable. I ran toward the bushes and there in solitude I sat on a rock and cried. The emotional release was painful and yet welcomed. Somehow I knew that I should and had to do something. Feeling alone and yet determined nevertheless I decided my course of action. I phoned the police. The ordeal had lasted 2 1/2 honr. Those men are in th just heard that the the rape charge. T on the lesser charg common assault with So this is justice! defiled me are to b They say that the j some kind of terms the men if not with This is only one of in our legal system. language that might she asking for it? Women can comprehen to me...but I am su imagine the full ex and mentally this e now. These atrocities ha happen again. Wome be made aware that vaginal penetration If you can prove yo accordance with this one man raped me in But emotional, spiri possible. Anal, ora it is still rape. There are four diffe that ornament. What How they must suffer they made to believe Is it better to rema your guts on the tab it is treated with r PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �In this society, any situation is a come-on for rape and only one criteria seems necessary...be a woman. Regardless of your past, your age, race, etc. AS A WOMAN YOU ARE A POTENTIAL RAPE VICTIM AND THE SOCIETY THAT IS SUPPOSED ,TO PROTECT YOU INSTEAD ASSUMES THAT YOU TAKE THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF BEING WOMEN, OPPRESSED WOMEN. I can still hear the crown attorney's words -- "Now, Mrs. C, you're a married woman .with two children... you knew what you were doing when you accepted a ride from this man and agreed to go into his home." Indeed, the onus is on us. The crime committed was not against the state, it was not against me; it was a crime against women...all women. We can fight these men, but that is not the answer. The laws governing women and rape and the interpretation of rape must be changed. For OUR sake, in the name of humanity and sisterhood...UNITE! D. WINKO (The above was based on an actual rape case.) Women Organize Against Rape -- Rose-Marie Neuman - was not t e women w o were comWe know that rape is very seldom almost nviction. women mitting the rapes, perhaps it would be best to inflict a ten o'clock ommon n of the curfew upon all men. Since this sort of thing would never happen in Canada, the question then becomes what does a woman who's been raped do with her on the should anger? Furthermore, what can be done to stop rape from happening? etc. In Rape Crisis Centers ape. In on the e does; em with governa curfew on the Premier since it The beSt solution so far to deal with our frustration is the Rape Crisis Center. A rape crisis center's primary purpose is to deal with the medical 1 I Is PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �rus ra ion am., problems of women who have been raped. Initial contact with the victim is most often by telephone. The volunteer who answers the phone usually is not a trained counsellor of any sort. Her purpose would be to act as a friend. She or another volunteer would accompany the vic- anger tim to the hospital and/or police should she decide to prosecute. She could then talk to the victim about the experience and help her talk to her family about it. Sometimes it is necessary for the victim to get in contact with professionals such as are lawyers, gynecologists and psychologists. The rape crisis center can 4Iso make the initial contacts with these people, some of whom may work regularly on a volunteer basis with the center. The most important function of risen g the center, however, is the availability of warm, accepting people td whom the victim can relate the experience without feeling guilt or shame. The rape crisis center should be staffed exclusively by women on a twenty-four hour basis. The main reason for this lies in the fact that if a woman has been raped, quite often she could not and would not relate to a man no matter how warm and accepting he may be. Self Defence The martial arts are not the only forms of self-defence we can employ. Get together with some friends and wrestle and spar with each other. Take turns playing victim and attack-. er. Practice with each other. By belief that there is usually going to be a man around to protect them. doing this, you can also help break down some of our fears and inhibitions and build up confidence in our While growing up most women were not taught or encouraged to protect themselves. Many were discouraged or picking up objects to throw or Women have been raised with the from fighting or any of the other so-called masculine traits like getting angry. Consequently, we feel helpless and have no idea of the strength and potential power in our own bodies. We also have no idea how to deal with our anger and - yes -- even how to hurt someone if necessary. Every woman should learn some basic techniques of self-defence. The most common forms of self-defence one usually thinks of are karate, judo, kung-fu, etc. These are obvi- abilities to defend ourselves. Staying 'alert is important. It increases your possibilities of running strike with. A most effective response when grabbed from the front is a fast and hard knee to the attacker's groin. If attacked from behind, move body to drive your' elbow into the attacker's stomach region. Above all, one should not be . afraid to hurt the attacker. If you, as a woman, are about to be raped or assaulted you should do whatever you can with all the strength and power you can muster. ously the best and most effective forms of protecting ourselves. If you have the opportunity to study any of the martial arts, by all means, do so. They will all increase your agility, reflex action, self-confidence, and physical strength. Thunder Bay---What Are We Doing? Our city needs a rape crisis center and more, better, and free self-defence classes for women. Presently there is nowhere a rape victim can turn here. The majority of local doctors PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �KARATE and police officials are unsympathet- ic and cannot deal effectively with the victim's problems. Perhaps one of the functions of the Women's tMP'I' Center (if we get the funding) can be to establish a rape crisis center. Until 'Basically, karate is a series of self-defence and counter-attack tactics based on traditional movements. These are run into formal series called "katas" in Japanese, and they are taught and practised without change year after year. we do get together and organize, nothing can or will happen. Other Suggestions Various other cities have tried and are trying new methods of dealing with the problem of rape in their only with rape victims. Women in other cities have organized transportation systems -and taxi-cab services for women who must be on the street late at night. There are even vigilante squads forming where a group of women will search out a rapist who has not been convicted and beat him up. Violent? Maybe. But somehow i feel it, in this case, justifiable. When women are frustratat 1 KARATE is an unusual activity in that the experts are not in full agreement upon its aims. Selfdefenee or sport? Exercise or philosophy? It is a dynamic form of self-defence, but no form of defence, however effective, can guarantee to make you secure against any form of attack. If someone unseen hits you over the head from behind with a bottle, no karate ability will help you. communities. New York has a seven-woman police rape squad who deal ed AA D every attempt to go about One importance of karate or selfdefence to women is in the development of the reflexes to the degree that you would be prepared to defend or ward off a blow and then have time to run. achieving satisfaction through legal channels what other alternatives do they have? Women are becoming more and more angry with the lot they've been given in our society. Rape is one of the sources of this anger. "It is not the police, the courts, or men who will stop rape. Only women wilt stop rape!" And it will only stop when it becomes as Most attacks can be warded off with the urearm. The soft inner side should never be used as this leaves the arteries open to injury. dangerous to attack a woman as it is to attack another man. Oh, come off Thunder Gay Hydro Inquiry Nn. 74 42 TeniitIr clnAing: Tuesday. July 30, 12:00 NOONPlia...-- Immediately after warding off a blow or delivering one of your own, your arm should be withdrawn. It is important that even defensive movements should be made constructively. To push the attacker's arm 1914 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �revolution, the family unit has been scaled down from an extended family, involving family members other than parents and children, to a nuclear family consisting of father, mother and children. This unit, the basic unit upon which the economy relies and through which family life is ensured operated as an isolated unit in fulfilling these functions. It is maintained primarily through labour outside the home, most often designated to men, with women providing a maintenance function within the r.---aiwa5, when he strikes at you may be effective in that it prevents the blow landing, but it does nothing to stop a second attempt being made. If, instead, the blow is deflected with a powerful chopping action so delivered that the sharp edge of the forearm makes contact with the underside of the attacker's forearm, forearm, the result is decisive and painful. home. In examining the role of women in society, we see that labour both within the home and within the labour force, can be assessed with the same criteria as is a male in terms of value to the economy. The terms of reference are use value and exchange value, and help us clarify not so much how the economy operates through the nuclear family, but why our labours both inside and outside the home have inherent importance to the economic'system by which we are governed. It is not essential for women to attend regular classes for an extended period of time. Three or four basic movements learned properly and practised regularly are all that is necessary. The important thing is to BE ALERT and QUICK ENOUGH to ACT INSTINCTIVELY and then R U N CORKY THE NUCLEAR FAMILY The family of today, termed the nuclear family, derives its form in the historical evolution of the family and its relationship to the economy. (*see Historical development of the Family,- The Northern Woman, issue xi, July 74, pg. 10). Since the industrial . As labourers within the home, rearing children, performing housework tasks, our labour is said td have a use value to society. As there is no further or direct monetary value resulting from our labours there is no exchange value. The exception of course would be if we performed these tasks for pay, as would housekeepers. Our labour outside the home in the capacity of clerks, stenographers, switch board operaters, textile workers etc. has again a use value to society as well as an exchange value. Our efforts in our work have a more visible effect on the economy, in very simplistic terms. At this point it is important to examine more closely the role of women to the family, within the home.. While this labour is absolutely vital to the perpetuation of our society, it is regarded on the whole as demeaning, PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �Osecond rate, important enough--but 0 relegated to women. Women as well, 0 view their labours as mothers, wives and home workers with as much disrespect, accepting these tasks as a source of free labour. Any social responsibility is thus avoided and the alternative of collective responsibility allowing women access to more meaningful labour in the labour force is neatly circumvented. Women in the work force often carry the ideas of inferiority to the wort place in accepting wages and conditions well beneath the rights and dignity of any working person. By working as well in the home, two jobs are fulfilled at the price of one salary. (*see further discussion in next issue of the Northern Woman--Working Women). While it would be incorrect to understate the relationship of the family both as economic unit, fundamental to our economy, and as the source of all family life; it must be understood that with a change of roles, particularily as more and more women enter force the role of women to the family is also changing. More and more women are calling for the responsibility of day care to be assumed by society to further enable women to participate fully in the labour force and to ensure adequate child care. It is through such expression that women can activly participate in the ongoing development of the family unit. SHELAGH MUNDY "OUR SYMPATHY AND THOUGHTS GO OUT TO BETTY J. ON THE RECENT DEATH OF HER FATHER" C11,ANG7,-ON STT-21-' TO WOIr-L-NIS 7QUALITY rre Canadian legal system helps perpetuate women's position of inequality in our society'. 1:any of the laws affecting women were originally introduced to protect the interests of the male dominated propertied family, to ensure the'pmeuetion of "le,;it4mate" heirs to reass on the family (le. the fatherts) wealth. Thus, ds defined in the law, marriage is little more than the exchange of a wife's sexual fidelit:r for economic support by her' husband. these laws, created to ;.protect the interests of property owners cause hardship to wo:ren of all classes. 'fost couples enter marriage s a partnership but the legal system is more'irtarestd in the average fa si l y as an economic unit in which the ndividu.' couple :is forced to ,(car the costs and provide the labour necessary for raising children with virtually no support from society. The husband is held 1,,ally responsible for the economic support of his wife and children and, in return, the wife cares for the children and keeps house. Corporations thus vcape the costs ofprovidini7, the facilities and benefits which would free women of the extra burden of work in the home and allow us to enter the work force on equal terms with men. The lack of effective laws on equal pay and equal job opportunities further ensures ,4omen's particul&rly intensive exploitation. at work and economic dependence in toil: family. In,7ED7T7' LEGAL CHANG7S A777. NrED7T2 ' qual pay legislation rust. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �To Women's floual4tv Chanre-Orm S as the be strengthened and defender teeth posed of women's rights promising tc put in.. the oqual job by opporthe requirement of t-!).ntyabolish laws. rides home from work for womell right They 7Zarria g e workers. must be recogI7ed n did not explain, in the law anhowever, an equalhow a stroke of the penwith suddenly makes the partnership, the wife streets of Ontario safe for having the right to half at property night. The the women marital and real beneficiaries of such incompatitlIty the a move will the employers, not of be dl.,Torco. mustthe he women. maa'e less costly and lens len;'-ty. Unfortunately, the abolition of this protective legislation nr7u,il "fielity" the applauded by women who eonditien for our legal will never face the necessity be rcoved of right work. No cn.e r tbe books. Thin demar n consulted the women wZrl.ern -ges in property laws, involved. Changes in our the preccure during rape 7751 system must come only cases, and an end to disafter con:,ultatien with crimination aga'nnt wor,en's organi,ations the children. labour movement, and representatives of the women most must be remormd directly affected by the changes. criminalcodo. -,12. laws wh.i ch make wort-r. r, CPA O'ES ARE WEEDED ion of maintenance support nhoUld sponsilllity of tlic laws must be o al7ow women to essive situ.:_` inn eing penadned b-T ur children or rir,hts. 'A woman able to accept another locality he permission o f nd. v-,T, I? t for legal refor, against accepting ualdty", against sound fine in hich ignore the men's oppression frets the lefTal The Tory govern.xample, recently Legal reform is an it -tep forward in the for - ,emen's r-uality , bficht ut it is only one step. ror(ten's oppression Is due to more than archaic laws and malc-chauvinist ideas. It is maintained by an economic system in which, corporations profit from women's low 1,ages -t and refuse to provide iercices and benefits needed to replace our labour in the home. The strug-le for women's equAity before the lsw must be combined with struggles for day care for every child as a right, educational, opports-rities for women, paid --eternity leave, adequate medical facilities for maternity care and to ensure our right to abortion, and equal pay and equal opportunity in all fields of employment. These struggles will require PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �:_:ter campaigns of women groups, trade unons and political parties--in fact, and men who see the necessity for women's ',11ch struggles are equality. an important part of the overall fight to force governments to recover and use for August Proclaimed Anti-Rape month of all woe tThs bone:fit of t1-.e 1Canadan people some of the wealth nonopoly forporations have taken from us all. NEM YORK (Reuter) - A to-hand combat unless you are I coalition of women's groups a master or mistress at judo or 4 has proclaimed August anti- karate," Lieut. Mary Keefe, irape month and called Wednes- commanding officer of the sex ilday on police, hospitals, courts crimes analysis unit warned. and legislators to stop viewing If the rapist is provoked hr rape victims as the criminal. may become even more violent, A spokesman for the group sh, said. "Your best defences women said arc "often per- are to scream and run." scented by police who do not believe her, doctors who are A policewoman said victims assssted by police range from lg . The fight for legal reform is one important; step to women's equality. The fight for full equcility is just beinrI_ni;--it In an integral part of the struggle for ()alinm In Canada. anything hut -.ensitive or profes-.:months to R7 years of age. lsional, lawyers who put her sex,. 41ife on trial, and legislators who Sally McGee, of the Women's make laws based on the myth Political Caucus, demanded to he that legislators enact rape-law reforms. The proposals would fi raped." "Rape is the rapist's crime, end requirements for corroborathat all women want .; not the victim's. The sooner all tion-as New York did last women understand that. and all March-and prohibit testimony men believe it the sooner we'll on the victim's sex life, as Cab he able to wipe rapists off the forma did a few months ago, face of the earth." said Scottie eprin.ted -fro irrl The '::omen's Subcommittee of the Metro Toronto Comr,ittee, communist l'art y of Welch, co-ordinator of the NaItional Organirartion for Women's Rape Prevention Committee. A demonstration of how to at tY-1 4-11, sack the attacker was given a news conference at & police A i centre here. A petite policewomen from the sex crimes. demonstrated Canada. analysis unit simple attacks for use on a would-he rapist-eveq' or throat. kneeing punching stomach, kirk Ong shine. and grinding heel Into :!instep "like putting out a cigti WHv YOU SHOULD BOYCOTT YOUR POSTAL CODE 7.; rette." DON'T PROVOKE "One good ppuneh may help :save you, but never use hand- ti Jobs at post offices are being steadily lAasel out by a,_Itcm9tion. After all vry has autom.:Ition. the i::ovrnment paid vast sums to develop our tech,nclogy if not to brnefit as a whole. In!:tead of .-,onditiorin gdtting 1),,,tter d,-;.e tb 1-ettf,r with a "7--:rF. are rry.r to t17e mrrd, ard intellIp.enc,e of and more dliretly tke postal workers are losini7 deserved orditens the7 ar.c jol-s, pay and scniorit7. 1refitn - the cnefits of fir eir yers of work. The postal workers are not fighting against increased technology but rather, only want a say - a say in their future. This is their right. We, therefore, must support them - not only because they are right but also to assert our right to have a say in the use and beneffts of increased scientific knowledge to benefit all of womankind and *1- mankind, too). PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �THE ONTARIO ANTI-POVER. ORGANIZATT ON.I CX?A LITION THUNDER BAY'S M MBER'S ON COUNCIL The organization is an alliance comprised of low-income groops. organized into which is called The Ontario Anti-Poverty Organization/Coalition, trade unions, community organizations, church .groups and professional workers, all of whom are dedicated to the elimination of poverty in the Province of Ontario. THE STATED AIMS AND PRINCIPLES OF THE OAPO/COALITION INCLUDE: -The Guaranteed Adequate Annual Income for all. Full Employment Policies. -Canadian Development of Canada's natural resources. -Safe end adequate housing at prices all can afford. -Prescription drugs, dental care, and all health services under OHIP. -Equality in employment--equal pay _for equal work. - Expanded clay-care services for all. -peace --in our community, and throughout the werld. "...insufficient access to certain goods, services and conditions of life which are available to every one else and have come to be accepted as basic to a decent minimum standard of living." It is a sad commentary on our way of life, especially in this day and age of space travel, when science and technology have taken such spectacular leaps forward, and when the wealth and -affluence of the privileged few have been so greatly increased, that we have yet to solve, or even begin to come to grips with in a credible manner, the physically and spirit-ravaging condition of the veritable army of dispossessed who are forced to live in this province and country below minimum health and decency standards. The organization is deeply concerned bout the extent o which.the large r.ber of working poor are forced to enffer a bleak existence in the most abject and agonizing conditions of poverty. However, the organization urges all se cal services agencies to support certain recommendations which we feel will go a long way in era& icating poverty from this wealthy nr vince of ours. - SIZE AND SHAPE OF TIE PROBLEMa.. Poverty on the federal, provincial, and rannicipal level is among the most serious and distressing problems facing our society today, and the size and shape of the problem is truly one of staggerirg proportions and of the greatest magnitude. rm:enz statistics reveal that over five million Canadians, in excess of one-quarter of our population, live below the poverty line, which has been defined by the conomic Council of Canada as, PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �Ontario Anti-Poverty Organization/Coalition cont'd It goes without saying that the poor are not poor of their own choosing; they are the front-line casualties and victims of the social and economic system under which we live and the way in which all levels of government have failed to provide a full employment economy. The vast majority of the poor want jobs at adequate wages and the social and educational opportunities that have been denied them. 'he work ethic is not dead. The very fact that over 60 per cent J3f. Ontario's poor are working poor, with thousands working for wages below the poverty level and less than what they would receive on welfare rolls, is evidence enough that the work ethic is alive and well. Insult has been added to injury in that the mein reforos embodied in our present Federal-Provincial social security programs have been granted largely as political concessions by governments of the day, designed to create a delicate balance between yielding enough to take the steam out of any expressions of social unrest being exhibited by the mass of Canadians, and leaving the distribution of wealth and power undisturbed and in the hands of the privileged few. Seen in this light, our social welfare measures are not only a "hopeless failure", in terms of the unmet needs of those they are supposed to help, but they contribute very largely to the critical imbalance and inequality of incomes which exists, a situation in which the real wealth and assets of the country are being concentrated in even fewer hands at the top. This point has prompted Canadian Senator Chesley W. Carter to make a rather revealing and startling observation: "If every working man and woman knew and understood what that inequality meant, and the economic implications it had for "A thr6,' children, there would be a revolution in this country." The Croll Senate Poverty Committee report and numberous other government reports and studies on the question of poverty make it abundantly clear that the poor do not intend to stay poor. They want a greater share of the good things of life and are demanding that all levels of goverment work towards providing minimum health and decency standards in keeping with Article 25 of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, to which Canada is a signatory nation: "Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of hinself and of his family including food, clothing and housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sicknees, disability, widowhood, old age, or lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control." In our view there is a joint federal- PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �provincial-municipal responsibility to co-operate in the establishment of bold, new programs, and to enact the necessary legislation, that will give life and meaning to the above. This means not only the creation of a Guaranteed Adequate annual income, with which the majority of Canadians are now in favour, and which in itself will help to create a more even balance in the distribution of wealth, but it also means that while we are waiting for this to be achieved, the FederalProvincial-Municipal existing social assistance programs must be completely revampiad to provide for substantially increased social benefits and payments to this Provincies welfare recipients the elderly, the infirm and particularly the working poor. WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE: To eliminate poverty in the Province of Ontario in the short term we believe will require an immediate overhaul of the present social services legislation on the municipal and provincial level, are shot through with a special brand suspicious paternalism,are grossly demeaning to recipients, totally inadequate to their special needs, bogged down in a mire of red tape and bureaucracy with which even professional social service workers are unable to tope are largely punitive in spirit and to a great degree, a waste of taxpayer's dollars. There is an abvious necessity for the Municipalities and the province to co-operate in the creation of thousands of new jobs in Ontario, to develop high job content secondary industry in the province so that our rich treasure of natural and energy resources can be used for the benefit of our people, to actuate an urgently required massive home building prograM which will also create thousands of new jobs, and to develop community worker programs which not only create jobs but have proven to be beneficial to the commumity. _Am.Z.SC-Mtneaarra-7.'mar'',LIVa: This means. that municipalities must support the raising of the provincial minimum wage to at least $3.00 per hour. Governments statistics, based on the Senate Poverty Committee's Report which established $5000 as the poverty level for a family of four in 1969 anC which, using their calculations, increases at a rate of $400-600 per year or an average of $500 means that the poverty level for a family of four in 1974 can be justly estimated at $7500, We believe that the munici lities must support the establishment of Guaranteed Adequate Annual Income fo r all, one that will assure every resident a basic and decent standard of living, PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �----.:41MgarAisiamszugraw_ 17464focrat 4 g Itcently we commended the Thunder Bay :social Services Committee's for it's concern for the working poor residents of Thunder Bay. We cannot, however endorse an assistance program which would keep residents working at or below poverty wages. Unfortunately, the poverty-strcken are in a position :here any assistance is considered better than none at all. We strontiy recommend an upgrading of their social assistance programs. ' he respectfully submit that all social cervices agencys should follow the, lead Di Metropolitan Toronto in demanding that the Provincial. Government assume it's responsibility to provide an equal share, along ,lith the Federal Government, of the funding required to establish a program of assistance to the working poor. The senior levels of - Government IlAve power to tax the e!ealthy industries and the top 20% income earners, to make iz possible to establish such a program, eloo beleeve that the fuliling required' Ilbsidiee the working poor to bring .item up to the poverty level should. have to come froT the already tax - MX"MIITIMMIEMEOZNEEMBINESVE:=7: earners and many of whom are senior citizens who have worked 25 to 40 years to buy their own homes and are now fixed incomes. We do not believe that such a program of assistance to the working poor should be paid for by other low-income workers who themselves have no security against increasing poverty. "No nation can achieve true greatness," the Croll Senate Poverty Committee reasoned in it's report (and we would add neither can a Province or a Municipality), "If it lacks the courage and determination to undertake the surgery necessary to remove the cancer of poverty from the body politic... " A new approach is urgently needed. Such an approach must bring help and relief at once to those in need, and it must -provide the foundation for policies that will ultimately eliminate the causes of poverty from our society. Eleanor Morin to ' urdened home- cilners 'and tenants ir. Thunde w ny of wham are low income wore FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT ELEANOR AT 415 Victoria Ave., 20 Thunder Bay "F" or PHONE 622-1538.. 4 "3'© 1) PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor Z /. Ne.. �ME N OR'N WO= I s C:TTE77 EAS IN CREDIBLE MR. DI VINEG , A SENT OFF THE FOLLOWING LETTER TO OUR MP S JESSIMAN AND FOULDS H ON SENIOR CIVIL SERVANT WITH THE =ISTRY OF COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL SERVICE. FOR HIS OBTUSE, DEGRADING, DUMBFOUNDING, UNLIBERATED MALE STATTTMENTS IN THE JULY 18th, 1974 EDITION OF TED GLORT': AND MAIL. THE ARTICLE AS PRINTED IS SUBMITTED BELOW. L LIAM DA Val S AND it 110N TIL: 0M131,TDSMAN ti . BR:II-NELL CONCERNING THIS HOW DO YOU, P `RS' ONALY , FEEL? IS IT IMPORTANT TO YOU? DO WE VG; f;'E YOUR OPINIONS? E WO ',ILL) APPRECIATE ALL COMMENTS OUR READERS FR OM ,ev-1-4 ( No heusekceper service A woman's duty to stay home, official says By NANCY COOPER hie or permanently disabled. It's a woman's duty to stay Deserted or widowed fathhome with her children and ers do qualify, however, for it's father's to have a career. the province's visiting hometo a senior civil makers' service, while the deserant in the Community and serted, divorced or widowed Social Services Ministry. And mother who wishes to work that's why two inequalities in outside the home is not althe way the province treats lowed to use the service, ac- single fathers and single mothers don't bother him. On the other hand, "It's not scale. according and the size of hi cook". he said, and that's why 1 25 per he agrees with governMent g Although I e -p arent fa my natural duty to sew and policy that allows fathers to apply to the municipality for a homemake to come and keep house, often at no cost to the family. The only way a single parent mother could cording to Tibor Divinec, assistant director of the munici- If a father is deserted by pal welfare secretariat. his wife. or if she dies or di"It's a woman's noble vorces him or is taken to an role," Mr. Divioec said yesinstitution, he is not elegible terday. "She makes that decito receive any money from sion t to stay home and bring the province, under the Fam- them up) when she decides to ily Benefits Act. Mothers in have kiddies." He told the rethe same circumstances do porter that a woman who qualify. The only way a man would consider getting in a can receive Family Benefits visiting homemaker "is not is if he is-deemed uneMploya- much of a mother". qualify, Mr. Divines says, is if she was a very poor housekeeper, in need of training. And then the help would be of a temporary nature. Homemaker help for a single father can go on indefinitely, sometimes for years. while the children are grow1 ing up. Ile pays on a sliding headed by fath vinec says that to with the Governm had only five req fathers anxious to and bring up the rather than havin a salaried homem One father foug tem and won. bu he took his appea tion on a CRC prot 'Ombudsman. A ps report said that the dren needed pare and the father a wanted to stay h them. The provin him Family Bene would have am about .:11.10 a mon Mr. J. Jessiman, M.P.P. Par /lament Buildings, Queens Park. TORMITO. Ontario. Dear Mr. Jessimen:- erege, for drugs. h tio%. medical aid special assistance aa4lable to singl :After the resulting the man won the ri efits, but Governme stressed that this w ception, not policy. we wish to draw to your attention certain statements attributed to the inistry of Community and Social Serviced' official. Mr. T. Divinic. aa reported i the July 18th Issue of the Globe and Mail, W believe that Mr. Divinicss Nstification of the riln.l.Etryta discriminatory end repressive legialatiorp attention and we would urge you to initiaterequires your action to rectify this situation - both in terms of erecting chang in the legislation and in encouraging attitude change with the civil service. We have long recognized that the Ministry's visiting homemakers service is regulated in a way discriminates against womea. Receut declarations that of the government's concern for equal rights; and opportunities for women had. however, prompted us to hope that these regulations would quickly be altered. Apparently we were overly using optimistic. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �We aro avail mora a/arazd to learn that the Family Deuefita %et 1.--,,igu1ation4 will crAntinue to discriminate against men. It was coma4)aly assuged that the successful appeal occasaioned by the public attuntion receirsd through the Ombudsman Program bad rectiaed this zatuation. Will it now be necessary for every father to obtain nation-wide publicity in order to :;.4000170 his rigttDul eocial assistance? we conaidc it deplorable that tbo province has done nothing to eliminate its o legislation that in so blatantly sexist. It ts even wx-c appalling that a govorment official rests that r;dst legislation is justificd. 140 are most seriously coome6 that an officLas who is so obviously out of touch with reslitys is in a position to ozerciso so much power over more unfortunate Ontario citizens. Zne detrimental effect that this oppressive1,,gislattan will have c the child' m affnated by theme situations cannot be ovor smriha3isee We truct that this matt a. uill be or concern to 1 Ii xsA, every effort to right these injustices you azIO that. yca In. trP-Actb. z-o-ordiantor c.a. J. Pouldas o,c. H.=, 1,4m. Duvia e,c. Hone R, Brunoll. n.p.p. are avaUabe 4J. r11IVL WILL. NEVER BETH E SAMEJ PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �P R E A T R day or t'Ac of fun WOMEN'S HEALTH COLLECTIVE :ntarz,-sted in getting one going? 'Others are. Join them. Contact Estelle at 623-3107. talkin(7...censciousness raisin,.. yo name it. Aur Just 16t(7:00 p.m.; stay over if you can Anrjut 17th, (all dy; HIGH SCHOOL WOMEN Want to get together with othe 2ohool women for action, it cc)n:,lousness-i-aising, ets:;.? If so, contact Estelle at 623-3107. tr.ap *iF GAS hulVqk Oa-1 31. elk 62-3-13.5 6 IYTEREST77?? phone Women's Centre at 6Z3-3107"rejarding food, a ride, campinc, sui-41ies, etc. Ir CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING :.7!_an't make both cillyn, fed Intcreste-d? Croups 0-e now being forme:1. Phon,,I, 623-3107 and leave your name (at an Women's 1 number, SPEAKERS Centre)!! frc'e to drop In for an our or so. PLL WOMEN WELCOME Thursday, August :;:a.th.--Warren Sundberg, an instructor in KARATE, will be to give a demonstration and answer any questions concerning the use of self-defense. Up and Coming--Don Colborne, a local lawyer who was involved with the recent rape case in Kenora (C. Big George vs. Brown, Cedarwail and Carlson); will talk about the legal aspects of rape. All are urged to attend these meetings! .111M111.,14.1.,1701.7 C,1MV'S CF.11-ft- r7-F'F77--'71777.,. i.NP TO CA "2 AL,CiO'J'L PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �w ;A;,)...K. VSCS f t ; CA p.x..--/ko ok TiE A13) PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �WOMEN'S HEALTH COLLECTIVE :ntarestsd in getting one going? Cnlers are. ';oin them. Contact Estelle at 623-3107. R E P R E A T d'7,y or two of fun frolic..relatinE talkini7...consciousness raising.. nrIme it. ti HIGH SCHOOL WOMEN Want to get to with other h!,gh school women for action, cc)nilousnosS-raising, If so, contact Estelle at 623-3107. Aurust 16t:1' (7:00 p.m.) stay over if you can and AuJut 17t, (all (ivy.) AMPS?? :_lee map CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING Intorasted? rt Groups a-e now being formcd. Phom- 623-3107 and leave your name and nun':)er. tIt NIZSINitt elk 62..3 2.5 INT7REST27?? Pleae phone Women's Centre at 4413-31Orrejarding food, a ride, camptn supplies, stc.0 If you can't make both drys, fen' free to drop in for an 'hour or so. WC= WELCOME ____--- SPEAKERS (at Women's Centre)!! Thursday, August . -- Warren Sundberg, an instructor in KARATE, will be to give a demonstration and answer any questions concerning the use of self-defense. Up and Coming--Don Colborne, a local lawyer who was involved with the recent rape case in Kenora (C. Big George vs. Brown, Cedarwall and Carlson) will talk about the legal aspects of rape. All are urged to attend these meetings! 0,.3"6 UNIV. . A..J X *:-.;:01ir,OWEL 77777777n= litre CATALOGUE H-iE BOOK:). PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 1'_.. _..7 TO �LOS ANGELES (AP) - The Barbie doll, a baby, is sweet imagine they're grown up. sort of try out the grown- billion-dollar 16 this year. ;role. Millions of little girls are hel- "Each generation has Wad ping her celebrate. certain common things in their it o y s like Goldielocka Raggedy Ann. Barbie is the world's biggest toy. To her young owners, she is a real personality. To Mattel Inc.. her producer, she is a $100-million.a-year en,ietting or "The Barbie doll has become the popular one for the kids of !today because represents terprise. Barbie contemporary a individual-whatever she is to the child. She's ubiquitous en- Eighty million Barbies have horn sold since the doll was created in Ma by Ruth Hat'filer, co-founder of the toy manufacturer. Sales now run ough to he a baby, a little girl or a teen-ager." DREAMS OF FUTURE about six million a year. Mattel says Barbie was deproject her owners Teen-ager Barbie is 11112 inches tall. has long blonde hair into adulthood a wardrobe that would be the little girls to put themselves signed to and is stylishly slender. She has "Barbie enabled millions of envy of a movie star. She is the owner of airplane, a n into almost limitless future lift situations." he added. "Threugh townhouse, an dune buggy and Barbie. other luxuries-ii parents want to pay the bill. Why has Barbie won and young hopes and this place in the hearts of girls? 'Barbie strikes a common denominator as her.'' were adult. future:" able to Some lives. their for the dreams parents say ruefully that once a child is bitten by the Barbie hug there is no end the All- American good little girl, andthe child can both identify with Barbie they project a variety of teen-age to what she wants for her OIL and want to be like says Dr. Edward R. "What's with this doll?" gaif ped a father at the sight of Bar- associated professor of hip's Ttityo, medical school. " Ch ild re n since as which sell for ti to $1.50 each. . "Girls particularly ... have objects which we call dells which they love and kiss. They do to dolls what their mothers do to them. They "When doll has dresses. pantsuits. coats., shorts and nightgowns :hinge to develop their fantasies around," he continued. chosen gown. basic kit of apparel. But that's only the start. The demanding time theirs personalities grow. have used immemorial, wedding does it all stop ?" A Barbie costs ta to eFi with a Child- Psychiatry at the UCLA Barbie Celebrates Rounding out her wardrobe are a ballet costume, ski suit: stewardess' uniform. tennis costume, camping garb and party dresses. Cost: t3 apiece. Her 16th Birthday TO CHRISTOPHER On rainy days when we're caught inside and you cry for my attention and my headaches and I scream at you and you cry again, I think, perhaps, I should have given you up. Then I could spend my rainy days reading, sleeping, writing And on sunny days I could Walk and visit and shop and play. But on rainy days, you would still be caught inside, crying for attention and being screamed at by someone else. e Mary Deaton, Berkely, Californi PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor Z'2 �FAMILY HE CONFEDERATION COLLEGE OF APPLIED ARTS AND TECHNOLOGY PROPERTY LAW WORKSHOP SHUNIAH BUILDING LECTURE THEATRE 111811111111111.. Thunder Bay PROGRAMME Sept. 20, 21, 1974 Friday, September 20, 1974 Chairperson - Ruth Cunningham Director Women's Programs Confederation College 8:30 7:30 8:30 - 10:00 - Symposium Panel on the Ontario Status of Women Council Saturday, September 21, 1974 Chairperson - Joan Packota Past Pres. University Women's Club 8:30 9:00 Review of previous evening 9:00 9:30 - Film Family Property Law WOMEN - In 1975 "International Family and Uomen1.? Ye:Lr." Property laws which discriminate 'hopefully' will against; that be changed. it 'Northern Women' take an active role in terms of implementing such changes. This conferenc is your chance to: :1.13 a) become aware of discrimination directed at women. b) to voice your feelings ana to be part of the change which will affect all of us in the future. Application forms are available at Conrederation College and the Northern Uomen's Centre. 9:30 - 10:30 - Marie L. Corbett B.A., LL.B. COFFEE AND DISCUSSION 12:00 2:00 - Lunch (included in fee) 2:00 - 2:30 - Report of Discussion Groups 2:30 - 3:00 4:00 - 3:00 - Coffee 4:00 - Laura Sab a, B.A. 4:30 - Closing Remarks Pcgistration Fee is *5.00. :a care and lunches are provided. Speakers will include: Ms. Laura Ssbia, Chairwoman, Ontario Statue of Women Council. Ms. Marie Corbett, B.A., L.L.B., Chairwoman, Justice Committee, Ontario Status of Women Council. Ys. Marjorie Pinney, Executive Officer, Ontario Status of Women ,Council. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor akA �BOYCOTT... DATES TO REMEMBER KRAFT products Women's Centre Meetins (General): ...ANGOLAN coffee 8 p.m....CALIFORNIA grapes When: Every Thurs. eve. & lettuce sharp * 1:!ere: 2nd Floor, Fort Wm. YMCA ...CHILEAN Grapes (Every woman welcome). ...your POSTAL CODE * Need a Ride? or Child Crire???? 623-3107 Call Women's Centre 623-3925 or Lucy 41, ARTICLE DEADLINEi-. AUGUST 20th. Send articles, letters, poems, suggestions, questions, book reviews, etc. tc: Box 314, Stn. F, Thunder Bay, Ont. 410 4646 410 411 TEE NORTHERN WOMEN'S CENTRE wsletter Meetings ('The Northern Woman' ) When: Every Tues. eve. -±3 8 p.m. sharp 10 a.m. - 5 p.m. 7 p.m. - 10 p.m. (Mon. thru Fri.) WHERE: 2nd Floor - Fort William YMCA Where: The Northern Women' s Centre, Fort Wm. YMCA to II ID 1110 OPEN: 13c' N. Archibald Street PHONE: 623-3107 !i4114 Ob. rxplorinfr, Polities When: Every 2nd Fri. @ 7 p.m. sharp 1 (Aug. 2nd, 16th, 3 0 th ) Where: The Northern Women's Centre, Fort Wm. YMCA Return To: kg 14 People Who Did THIS ISSUE: Doreen, Helen, Noreen, Lucy, Linda, Eve, Laurie, Susan, Estella, Marion, Corky, Eleanor, Rose Marie (If YOU ...hope we haverJt missed anyone. would like to be on this Honour Role, come Meet o out to our Newg THE NORTHERN WOMAN Box 3140- Stn. F THUNDER BAY, ONTARIO (Return Postage Guaranteed) PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northern Woman Journal Description An account of the resource Northern Woman Journal Published in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Northern Woman Journal (originally called Northern Woman) started in 1973 following the first annual Northern Women’s Conference in order to keep the conference attendees connected. Initially serving as a newsletter of events, local issues, and women’s resources, the Northern Woman Journal quickly became a diverse publication reaching national and international readers. Not only did it serve as a newsletter to keep local women up to date on feminist issues in Northwestern Ontario, but also as a safe space to discuss women’s resources, law, politics, economics, health, racism, sexism, homophobia, feminist organizing and activism, transnational feminist issues, poetry, feminist reading, feminist art, and women’s diverse lived experiences.One of the longest-running feminist perodicals in North America, the Northern Woman Journal reached its end in 1995. Throughout its 22 years, the Northern Woman Journal was produced by its many collective members, with membership evolving year to year. For many years, the journal worked closely alongside and shared space with the Northern Women’s Centre and the Northern Women’s Bookstore. With the exception of a year-long government grant in the 1970s, the journal relied entirely on subscription fees and donations in order to maintain publishing, which presented challenges throughout its entire existence. As stated in an early version of the editorial policy, “only by a free and open exchange of views and opinions will we develop a basis for unity which can be used as a basis for action.” Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Northern Woman, Vol 1 No. 12 Description An account of the resource Vol. 1, No, 12 (August 1974) Topics Include: Editorial Policy (Collective Consensus) Dr. Henry Morgentaler Court Case Special Report: Rape Case Kenora Rape Testimony (Letter To The Editor) Rape Crisis Centres Self Defence Nuclear Family – Division Of Labour/Labour Value Marriage Law Equality Postal Boycott Anti-Rape Movements Ontario Anti-Poverty Organization/Coalition Caregiving Work & Sexism Local Announcements & Events Barbie Family Property Law Authors/Contributors: Rose-Marie Neuman Eve Pykerman Shelagh Mundy Eleanor Morin Nancy Cooper Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Northern Woman Journal Collective Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Published on this site with permission. Language A language of the resource English https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/16/2736/1974_Vol_1_No_13_CV01.pdf 8d860cc12889a57dbf68b81f54ee79ed PDF Text Text PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �EDITORIAL POLICY The newsletter group, a separate yet supportive group of the Northern Women's'Centre. reflects the complexity of the make up of the Northern Women's Centre as a whole. Being a smaller, unified group, the editorial board of The Northern Woman will attempt through collective creative andtEought-provoking comments, to respond to, and express (through a consensus of opinion) their reactions to, various articles, letters and timely topics of interest. Throtedh such a policy it is hoped that The Northern Woman will become a tool for women to develop an inereased understending of their situation and forests affecting their lives. :A=0E-..._.--,.,;wismeze=agatimamamwaxmwr, IIMI ME I WE I EDITORIAL / This i1S40 is dedfeated to HEALTH physical. For, as Simone de Beauvoir sat confidence i4 own body i.e to lose c For this ," is nelessiley that all a knowledge but alio an understanding of of m al and have ideace in oneself." men have not only eir bodies. "Not Up to this time the medial pronliedien has been allowed to and willingly subscribes to a basic assumption patient, particularly a female, is quiet, passive, that the and ignorant of her body. As a result very few women have a positive attitude towards the medical profession. We are tired of being subjected to long waits, short and cursory examinations which do not alleviate any fears or provide answers to our questicns. A doctor is not omniscent; every patient has the right to question her/him and so receive clear informative explanations. Only when we cease to conceive of our bodies as objects of mystery and begin to voice our desires and to demand basic rights, will the attitude of the medical profession change. Until the demystification of the body and democratizatization of health services becomes a reality for all, we as women, must increase our awareness of the functioning of our bodies. This Newsletter hopes to serve as a stepping stone in that direction. It is time we stopped deluding ourselves that our discomfort and dissatisfaction in the medical profession is a function of personal maladjustment on all our parts. The sooner we realize that our difficulties ape common and widespread, the sooner we can humanize the sterile, impersonal world of medicine & health care. PDF compression, OCR, web1975: optimization using a watermarked evaluation International Women's Tearcopy of CVISION PDFCompressor �YOUR RIGHTS AS A PATIENT How often have you left your doctor's office with the feeling you were not treated as an individual, that your problems were not very important, that your questions were not answered to your satisfaction ( if you could bring yourself to ask them at all), that you were rushed or treated in a paternal manner? Some women have long complained to their friends about the doctor/patient relationship. Some women have developed a blind loyalty to their doctors, coming quickly to their defense should they be critized, although they may complain themselves about the treatment they received. But now more -than ever before women are becoming more selective in their choice of tqho they see about their health needs: Because of the women's movement women are discussing openly and honestly their grievances toward many doctors. YOU CAN CHANGE DOCTORS: Staying with the same doctor means s/he has forlied a medical picture of you in he: or his mind, and s/he has recorded your health problems which can prove to be valuable when you come for medical advice. At the same time, the mere fact a doctor has your medical history shouldn't bind you to him/her if your not satisfied. Records can easily be transferred. You don't have to settle for a single opinion: You are well within your rights when you set out to corroborate the findings of any doctor. A second opinion can be particularly helpful when it comes to the advisability of surgery. There is a growing concern about the many hyster_ ectomies and mastectomies that are performed. Explore all alternatives before agreeing to an operation. The womens movement is the road to knowing and appreciating onesel You are not obliged to participate in experiments: New drugs and new surgical procedures must be tried out on someone before they gain acceptance, but if you happen to be that "someone" you have a right to know it, and be informed of the dangers involved. Ca rtyr tj r PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 1975: International Women's Year �YeiU ARE ENTITLED TO ARE.',SON ABLE AMOUNT OF TIME & ATTENTION You have a right to expect that s/he has set aside the time to (1) give you a chance to talk about the problem. (2) Examine you. (3) Record the details (4) discuss it with you (5) Suggest what steps you can take to solve it, and (6). Answer any questions you may have. You have every right to expect PRIVACY -- you should be able to EFII-Trankly without fear of being overheard. Your health records are privileged information and should not be maee :7-41,0,e te anyone who is not directly involved in your care unless you give your permission to make this information available. Continuity of Care A backup doctor should be standing by to answer your calls, or respond to any emergency, when yous. on doctor is away. te The Preservation of Personal 7.5=17-m e man77-in which you are cared for should be in no way affected by your sex, social standing, or race. Respectful and considerate care is every patients due. II rCe.sZt.30A,00,p lull Information Is Yours For at t e pak,ient 117.7gE7Tknow can't hurt her" is toe often the attitude of many doctors. You have the right to ask questions expect truthful answers and explanations 'ou can understand, also, the name & possible side effects of medications prescribed. t710.. CNC' tz 1% EaKkAl_sA Men go to great pains to avoid talkie q about women in front of them ('Not in front of a lady") - it would give their game away. To overhear a bull session is traumatic to a woman: So, all this time she has been considered only, "ass", "meat", "twee, or stuff", to be gotten a "piece of", "that hitch", or "this broad" tc be tricked out of money or sex or love! To understand finally that she is no better than other women but completely indistinguishable comes not just as a blow but as total annihilation. ft International Women's Year Shulamith Firestone PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor The Dialectic of Sex �Ear "The Foam"- Aerosol Vaginal Spermic de Description; White cream with the consistency of shaving cream. It contains a sperm killing chemical. It comes in a can with a plunger,type plastic applicator. Effectiveness 745am is not as effective as a diaphragm used with cream or jelly, or as a condom. If it must be used alone, two full applicators should be inserted, as close to the time of intercourse as possible. If you absolutely don't want to get pregnant, don't count on foam alone. Disadvantages - Foam friltates some vaginas and some penises. Delfen, which is most effective, also tends to be most irritating. -Not effective enough to depend on. - Using it can be a (brief) interruption of sex if the couple do not treat it as part of the sex play. -Responsibility is primarily the women's. Advantages --Easily available in ctrug stores. - Is effective in helping to prevent VD. CONDOM (Rubber, Safe, Prophylactic) Description: A Iheath, usually make of thin, strong latex rubber, designed to fit over an erect penis to keep the semen from getting into the women's vagina. Usually comes rolled up, unrolls to about 71A inches. There are no "sizes" since all are eensiderably elastic. Skin condoms (made from animal membrane) are more expensive but tend to cut down less on sensation. Effectiveness; Used alone, a good quality condom is 85-95 percent effective, with a spermicidal foam, 100 percent effective, depending on how carefully it is used. (a) leave a half inch at the end of a plain-ended one for semen. (b) Unroll carefully to avoid catching air in the end. (c) Use a lubricant to prevent tearing, spermicide) roam, cream, jelly, K-Y Jelly, or saliva, but not vaseline. ;tppl the lubricant after the condom is on the penis. (d) The man must hold the rim when he withdraws his no longer-erect-penis afte ejaculation; otherwise the condom might slip off, and sperm will get into the vagina. In case of accident, use cream or jelly or foam as quickly as possible, Dieadvanta ,es JELLIES AND CREAMS SpermiciTa176 comes in a tube with a plastic applicator. It forms a film over the cervix which blocks end kills the sperm. Effectiveness It is not as effective as foam, so unless foam irritates, don't use creams or jellies alone. - Can ru n the spontaneity of sex, unless the man and woman can share the unrolling of the condom, making it an enjoyable routine of sexual foreplay. -Many men claim that the condom dulls sexual pleasure. Physiologically, this claim is highly questionable. These mer are usually refusing to accept responsik ility for birth control. .1cae.`fieta.4.e.tat. Disadvantages Problems of leakage or Advantage Can be bought at a drug store without a prescription. 1975: International Women's Year PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �evantages aieap, easily avaibie, easy to use A method of birth control that gives , nee protectien against VD. It also pro tects partners from infection like trichomonas. - Condoms have a shelf life of two years. A condom kept in a wallet or pocket will deteriorate, but a high quality condom can be used five or six times if cared for. Put it in a glass of water temporarily, thenwash it, dust with cornstarch, and reroll. - AN,-.11% .Sr DIAPHRAGM AND SPERMACIDAL JELLY OR CREAM: 1880 - Diaphragm was a major breakthrough in the liberation of women from unwanted pregnancies. Up until 1960 when the pill and IUD were invented, 1/3 of all American couples used the diaphragm. DESCF PTION It is made of soft rubber material and is shaped like a shallow cup. It has a flexible metal spring rim. It should fit snugly over your cervix, locked in place behind the pubic bone and reaching back into the posterior fornix of your vagina. It comes in a variety of sizes, depending on the size of your upper vagina. Tile size you require is a difficult thing for you to determine, therefore a trip to the doctor is required. FOW IT WORKS Before a visit to your doctor, you should examine yourself internally to determine the positions of both tnbubic bone and the cervix. This 7.s essential when fitting into place the diaphragm. The doctor then fits several rings of different size into the vagina to determine the size you need. After fitting the first the doctor will or should ask you if you can feel it. If you say "no" he or she will take that ring out and insent the next larger size and this continues until you can only slightly:' feel the ring and that's your size. There is a possibility that after a woman has had a child, an abortion, an operation dealing with the pelvic area or has lost or gained ten pounds, it might be wise to ')e refitted. After the visit to the doctor you should know how to Insert the device yourself. About a teaspoon of spermicidal jelly or cream is smearee on the upper surface of the diaphragL, (dome up or down, depending on your anatomy). Spermacide must not be PDF compression, OCR, web Vomen's optimizationYear using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 1975: Inernational �laced on the rim since this increases the possibility of displacing the diaphragm during coitus. With ona hand you squeeze the diaphragm into a long, narrow shape. With the other hand, hold the vaginal lips apart, then insert the compressed davice into the vagina until the far rim passes the cervix. You then push the front rim up behine the pubic bone and chock that the cervix is completely covered. Plastic or metal inserters facilitate insertion especially for women with short fingers or dislike handling themselves. The diaphragm is most easily inserted wh!1e crouching, squatting, lying down, or standing with one foot raised. The diaphragm may be inserted no more than two hours and not less than 1/2 hour before sexual intercourse. If two hours pass, an inserter full of spermicide can be injected into the vagina or the entire procedure can be repeated. You can walk around, bathe or urinate with a diaphragm in place, but you should recheck its position ,e'ter a bowel movement. 1J ter an act of sexual intercourse, an additional application of spermieide must be inserted into the vagina by means of an applicator before each additional coitus. After intercourse, l'Ira the die; ~ eagm in for six hours or so to ensure that all sperm are de- Diaphragms made of plastic are available in case of an allergic reaction to rubber. Also, the brand of spermicide should be changed if either partner is allergic to the kind being used. The diaphragm is ineffective if left in a dresser drawer or purse. However, that is not the only reason for its potential failure. The device can slip out of position for a number of reasons: improper fit, cream on the rim, expansion of the vaginal walls during sexual stimulation, and frequent insertions of the penis. The diaphragm is much more easily displaced in coital positions where the woman is above the man. The diaphragm and cream costs about $6.00. Word of Warning: It is best not to 'leave your disidinagm lying about as someone uninformed as to the form of a diaphragm may easily mistake it for an ashtray. Just a pun but it did actually happen. Tee Hee! Much of my material I gathered the Magill Handbook on "Birth from Control ° and the book entitled "Our Bodies, Ourselves'*. Also thanks Linda for the helpful article you gave me. Val Packota s'n..oyed. Touching is unnecessary. Simply clean around vagina with a warm washcloth and towel. Occaeionally, hold the diaphragm up to tne light and check it for cracks, or holes, especially around the rim. After use, wash the diaphragm witn id soap and water, dry it gently and pove-- it with corr tarch. diaphragm can be used during menetration although conception is unlikely at that time. WK-a positioned correctly the diaphragm cannot be felt by either sexeal partner during coitus. . ) The secret is freedom and that means no bras or Bridles. You got to do wnat you want to do and wear wnat you want to wear. Everybody is so hung up . on the matching game-- the shoes have to match the bag which matches the coat and dress But the big question is, is it matching your soul. Janis Joplin Village Voice 611111111111111111311=41111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111=111111111111011E. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 1975: International Women's Year �cQ , THE PILL The pill is, at the present have not done complete medical time, the only birth control histories and examinations. Also method that is 100% effective if the side-effect and dangers of the taken as prescribed ie. every day pill, to certain women have not for 21 days.. (depending on type been thoroughly explained. In a of pill you take). study done by the Vancouver Women's HOW IT WORKS Health Booklet - 32% of the women The pill is make up of surveyed said their doctors pressynthetic chemicals that ordincribed the pills without adequately arily enable women to conceive a checking their medical history.. baby.. The pill adds estrogen .and The disadvantages and dangers progesterone in synthetic form to of taking oral contraceptives as the body's own production of any other product medication cannot hormones.. Estrogen -- chemical that be overstated. acts on the brain centre that controls the pituitary gland resulting in the gland to decrease the production of eggT- prevents development of other eggs--causes Any synthetic chemical that wall of womb to thicken and prepare "messes around" with body chemistry it to receive fertilized egg. Also is dangerous to women susceptible stimulates milk producing gland of to various physical problems. of breasts. Progesterone--compleListed below are the reasons tes preparation of the wall of the you should not take the pill or womb with a further supply of blood good arguments for thinking about and other fluids necessary for other birth control alternatives. early stages of pregnancyr--also WOMEN WHO SHOULD NOT TAKE THE PILL seems to prevent release of any more 9ggs.. -diseases or conditions associated to effect, the pill, adding with poor blood circulation a considerable amount of estrogen -bad varicose veins and progesterone prevents preg-pulmonary embolism (blood clot nancy primarily by preventing thg in the lung) development of the egg in the ovary -stroke If a low estrogen level is present -retinal thrombosis on the last day of your cycle a -heart disease hormonal message is sent by the -heart defect pituitary gland which begins devhepatitis or other liver diseases elopment of egg in the ovary. -undiagnosed abnormal genital What the pill does is raise your bleeding estrogen level enough to prevent -cancer of the breast or of the repthat message from being sent.. In roductive organs or a family effect your ovary remain inactive history of breast cancer when taking the pill. -lactation (nursing mothers should DISADVANTAGES OF BEIM 100% SURE not take birth-control pills There are varied opinions on -cystic fibrosis the pill and problems linked with the pill ie. blood clots, cancer etc. However because the pill is 100% effective it is given publicity as giving women complete contrel over their bodies. Doctor links HowPill may cause,, ever we must ask in this article what price do we have to pay for migraines, being 100% sure.. breast cancer, The pill must be prescribed by a doctor. estrogen use Too often the pill BMA warned has been doled out by doctors who PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor Neurosurgeon links pill to female infertility . �VOLUNTARY STERILIZATION ----A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE A significant change is occurring among many women today. Vlereas in the past, most things affecting women were out of their hands (parents, husbands, "laws of nature"), today women are seeking control-- of their lives, of their bodies. The control they demand of their own bodies has had an obvious effect on our society ie.more money is being put into development of safer and more effective birth control methods, the abortion issue is being argued daily. Although these changes are seemingly insignificant in light of what should be happening, they still represent a change in attitude from even 15 years ago, when abortion was something that was never even mentioned by the average person. At one time women never questioned the fact that they would have children--it was inevitable--it was what women do. Women are questioning now, though, and the answers they're coming up with range from limiting the number of children they bear to one or two, to choosing not to have children at all. When the decision has been made not to have any (more) children the question then becomes which birth control method would provide the most effective, safest, long-term effects. Of to two most effective methods--the pill (99A and the IUD(95%), neither would appear to be too safe for any extended period of time. The most permanent, safest method, therefore, is obviously sterilization. It is one hundred percent effective and is usually final. It is the only really permanent form of birth control. Choosing sterilization is an important decision. Most people you talk to about it will probably react with shock especially if you have only one child or none at all. You may even have many internalized feelings yourself of infertility meaning "inferiority". however, after these have been examined and dealt eith, you will most likely run into the biggest struggle of all--finding a docto who will perform the operatinn. I would like to relate my personal experience with voluntary sterilization, which, I believe could probably be generalized. I am a single parent with two children who,at the time I started investigating sterilization, were 3 and 4 years old. I have never been married. I had been on the pill for 3 years, and given information that you should go off them every 3-4 years, I was getting worried about how ingesting this chemical into my body daily was affecting me. Examining other birth control methods, I discovered all of them to be unsatisfactory for me. The nexr safest, IUD, made me shudder; I didn't like the thought of a little bit of plastic and copper embedded somewhere in my body. Abstinence seemed to be the my only out(sterilization hadn't occurred to me yet). Being ayoung, sexually healthy woman, it didn't strike me as being any kind of a viable alternative. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 1975: International Women's Year �s. It finally occurred to me that I was only looking into short-term methods. I knew I didn't want any more children. The thought of getting pregnant again filled me with terror; I paniced every time my period was a day late. So why not end my child bearing "career" permanently? For six months I battled with myself. After all, I was only 20 years old; isn't sterilization a rather drastic step? But, my children were getting out of babyhood dependency and I loved the freedom it offered me. I spoke to everyone I knew about it. Many of my friends (mostly women) were incredibly supportive of my decision. The majority of people though, men and women, were shocked. Their shock, however only served to reinforce my deelson. I made an appointment with my doctor. I wouldn't even have considered approaching my gynecologist about it (a man who reminded me faintly of Robert foung in a Marcus Welby-Father Knows Best combination). I felt it would be fairly easy. After all, I was an "unwed mother", and many people were adverse to propagating the race of "illegitimate" children"( I wasn't too concerned about the resoning behind it--as long as I could get the operation done). 7.4y doctor, though, was just a little too liberal. He seemed to think I had just as much right to have children as 3 married woman did. lie insisted I would meet a man some time ("After all, you're o attractive") and fail madly in love, want to get married and give him a-child-of-his-own. He also told me that if I were married my husbands signatureend consent would give me the right to be eternized if he said I could. After talking to him for a while, he finally convinced me to think abut it even though I already had been for six months or more. I went off the pill and on his advice, had an IUD inserted. 7-Tis argumeni-infuriated me after I had had time to think abet it. First of all, if I ever did meet a man I wanted to get into a long-term relationship with, he would have to accept my children as "his own".. I couldn't concieve of a relationship with a man who related to them as my responsibility, alone, an attitude which would be representative of an entire individualistic frame of reference which I can no longer relate to. A short time later I approached another doctor, a partner of the first. His reaction was the same: I'm too young voisftdiOn, I may change my mind, I may meet somenne etc. A year later, when I was even more convinced that I should have the operation done due to extreme discomfort from the IUD, I approached another doctor. This time it was a woman, my reasoning being that she might be able to empathize with my situation to a small degree more than a man could. I was able to talk to her quite openly about my feelings and she finally agreed to speak to the gynecologist/surgethn about it. He agreed and they scheduled my admission into the hospital. I want into the hospital with no fe&lings of apprehension at all. I felt exhilarated; I finally had some control over my body. The operation itself was a simple procedure, only in use for a year. The procedure was termed "laparoscopy" and was done by making two tiny innisinns in the abdomen and inserting a tube called a laperoscope which is used to cauterize the tubes. I was able to go home the following day. After I came home, I felt P eer_A3 sense of freedom, as if, now that I no longer had to worry About getting pregnant, I could get on with the rest of my life. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION coat PDFCompressor �9. My experience with the first two doctors made me realize just how much the medical profession views women as not having any Abotion, bibth control, r7.Eht in determining their own lives. ahild birth, and sterilization are all things which, although they affect the woman directly are all somehoe removed from her hands. Major decisions are made not 122: her but for her, either by the man she is married to or by the man who a-Ter doctor. The time is here, now, to start insisting that we be given the right of control over war own bodies which will mean another step in the direction of control overour lives. THE MALE OPTION - VASECTOMY To describe a vasectomy in the usual idiotic T.V. type advertisement one could say that "It takes away the worry of being close". WHAT IS A VASECTOMY? How is it performed? How will it effect me? These are some of the questions that bother the average male, so, having had a vasectomy four years ago I shall attempt to answer these questions to alleviate any fears the male may have about the possible after effects of a very simple operation. How will it effect me? After a month or so you will not even be aware that you had a vasectomy, and the location of any small Will it scars are generally impossible. I would effect my sex life? Rubbish! highly recommend it as a viable choice in the decision of birth control and it appears to me ludicrous to have a woman go through the major female operation of Tubal Ligation, or have her take the Pill when a vasectomy is such an easy answer. Take this advice from a four year veteran! Mike .Generally a visit to your doctor to discuss the operation is mandatory and some doctors prefer the wife to be present, although this depends on the doctor involved, and in my own case all that was required was my wife's permission for the operation. Usually in the doctor's How is it done. The office under a very mild anesthetic. whole experience takes about half an hour. The operative procedure is about ten minutes. All the operation entails is the making of two miniscule incisions in the "Bag" and locating the two Vas Deferens, cutting, tying and applying some type of plastic The whole bandage over the small cuts. procedure is less painful than a visit Although, it is usually to the dentist. suggested that one wait until the next day to resume work; the only discomfort is a slight pulling sensation of the testicles. Because, one support tube is removed they tend to drop until the muscles strengthen The advisability of wearing an again. athletic support for a few weeks is This slight inconvenience desireable. and a period of caution for about ten weeks is usually advised by your doctor to make sure that all live sperm have disappeared. International Women's Yearcopy of CVISION PDFCompressor PDF compression, OCR, web 1975: optimization using a watermarked evaluation AllailION �IUD Page 9A lomm INTRAUTERINE DEVICES AVAILABILITY Several devices which are pictured here have been used by women. As can be seen the design of these devices has become less complicated over time as a result of much needed scientific work. However, much more research is needed in this area. (A) Most women should be able to make use of this method unless the uterus is exceedingly small or there is excessively heavy mentrual flow and/ or cramping. Also people with V.P., severe vaginal and uterine infection should not use the IUD. To be safe make sure to have a full pelvic and breast examination as well as pap smee and V.D. tests if necessary. (B) (E) (A) (E) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) ** Majzlin Spring Birnberg Bow Saf-T-Coil** Ota Ring Dalkon Shield. Hall-Stone Ring Lippes Loop** Zipper Ring Margulies Coil. most recent devices HOW IT WORKS No one is absolutely sure how the IUD works to prevent pregnancy there are several theories: Over two thousand years ago Arab and Turk camel drivers discovered the principle of the IUD. They inserted tiny pebbles into the uterus of female camels by means of a hollow lead tube in order to prevent pregancy during long journeys through the desert. During the nineteenth century IUD's were used extensively in the United States and Europe for a correction of uterine displacement, treatment of menstrual abnormalities and infertility and in the later part of the century, for contraception. "The IUD, which touches the linin of the uterus at several points, irritates the lining and keeps it from developing properly, so a fertilized egg cannot find a good place to implant. The IUD speeds up the peristaltic waves by which the fallopian tube moves the egg down toward the uterus. The egg's journey of 4-5 days gives the uterine lining time to become secretory under the influence of progesterone. Studies are being done to determin, if the presence of the IUD causes hormonal changes which cause the suppression of ovulation. A fairly recent theory holds that the uterne wall responds to the foreign body by sending out macrophages - huge white blood cells - which try to get rid of the IUD, and failing that, devour egg or sperm or both. This is not an infection."' Today the IUD is usually a small plastic device, placed inside the Uterus by means of an inserter with one or two strings extending from 1 - information taken the vagina so that one is able to from page 120 PDF OCR, web a watermarked evaluation of CVISION PDFCompressor of Our copy Bodies see compression, that the device isoptimization still in using place. Ourselves. �INSERTION OF LIPPES LOOP INTO THE UTERUS nylon threads Page 9B n nylon threads INSERTION Insertion of an IUD is undertaken during or just after menstruation, or at the time of an abortion. This is accomplished with the use of an inserter. The diagram shows how easily the device is placed into the uterus. IUD's should always be inserted by a well-trained person because of the risk of infection. In Canada this usually means a doctor, although, in other countries these tasks are often handled by trained medical technicians. However, the demystification of the medical profession which results from the use of technicians seems to be a long way off at least in this country. SIDE EFFECTS Some women have more bleeding and cramping than usual for the first few days (One medical journal suggests that one or two months is not too long for bleeding to take place after insertion). One can only assume that these were "male" doctors who wrote the article. ADVANTAGES Eliminates worry about birth control at the time of intercourse. It is easier than remembering to take your pill or inserting your diaphram. It is probably safer than pumping your system full of chemicals. In socialist countries where oral contraceptives are frowned upon, IUD's have been their alternative and have been used extensively by all women including those who have not had children. The reason for why the IUD is used less often in this country appears to be the profit motive. The pill costs only pennies to produce but costs the consumer up to $3.50 or more per month. The IUD, on the other hand, is a co.etime expense. Obviously companies manufacturing these devices will push the more profitable of the two. REVERSIBILITY Chances of becoming pregnant after removal are the same as before using the IUD. AtIONIM3011101101.00+1111INMIMMIIMIONMO. REFERENCES 1. BIRTH CONTROL HANDBOOK 4th edition, August 1970, McGill University Arts and Science Undergraduate Society. 3. OUR BODIES OURSELVES Boston Women's Health Book Collective. Simon and Schuster. New York 1973. 4. MEDICAL HANDBOOK BIRTH CONTROL HANDBOOK International Planned Parenthood 10th edition, March 1973, Federation. 3rd edition 1968 Health Press Incorporated. PDF Montreal compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked amended evaluation1971. copy of CVISION London.PDFCompressor 2. �Page 9C FOR MEN ONLY NEW BREAKTHROUGHS IN BIRTH CAN YOU NAME THESE I.PD:s P A D A. whirling dervish B. silent spring CONTROL Several thousand male prisoners have been using the Hot Rod since April, and the results "We had only had look promising. 34 cases or third degree burns," she stated, and we are working closely with the local Burn Unit to see whether or not the patients Prison officials will recover. have noted that since the advent of the Hot Rod, there have been When 43% fewer escape attempts. asked about the correlation between the use of the Hot Rod and the incidence of prison breaks, the warden replied, "Well, the men seem reluctant to walk around anymore." C. the drop kick D. stiff upper NEW HEAT WAVE KILLS SPERM INJECTION DECAPITATES SPERM lippy RUTTING, N.M., July 10 - A simple method of birth control by injection of a liquid into the penis has been discovered at the Rutting Clinic, by Dr. Eve Weltsmerz. "Using an ordinary hypodermic needle such as used by junkies all over the world, the new chemical formula (pat.pending) will decapitate the sperm, thus rendering it incapable of entering the female egg," Dr. Wetsmerz declared. Experiments on a thousand white whales from the continental shelf (whose sexual apparatus is said to be closest to man's) proved the new chemical to be 100% effective in preventing pregnancy and eminently satisfactory to the female whale since it does not interfere with her rutting pleasure. ANDROGEN, FLORIDA July 10 Scientists at Mammary Research Clinic announced today that they have developed an entirely new concept in birth control. Based on the finding of Dr. Sharon Suffrage, whose study on heat waves was published last year. the Clinic is testing the effects of heat on sperm production. Dr. Suffrage discovered that when intense heat was applied to the scrotum, the male's sperm was Of course, immediately destroyed. so were the testicles, but Suffrage thinks that this minor problem can be overcome. In announcing this new breakthrough in birth control, Suffrage explained THIS ARTICLE WAS TAKEN FROM that she is presently developing a "Her-self", 225 East Liberty portable hot iron which can be Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108 applied directly to the scrotum by (August, 1974) The hot iron will the man himself. be marketed commercially by Suffrage Pharmaceutical Co. the trade PDF compression, OCR, webunder optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 1975 is INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S YEAR name "Hot Rod." �FOR EN ONLY; G iN_TalEaLCONTROL IPD antrapenal device) IS TESTED The newest development in male contraception was recently tested Called the intrapenaldevice or the IPD, it is inserted on male prostitutes. through the head of the penis and pushed into the scrotum with a plunger* like instrument. Occasionally there is perforation of the scrotum which is disregarded since the male has no sensitivity to this area of his body. No one really knows how they work or what the long range effects will be, IMF: but then, who cares? Common complaints have been severe cramping, massive hemorraghing and green discharges from the head of the penis which are merely signs that the man's body has not yet adjusted to the "new resident." Hopefully these symptoms will disappear within a year. Ins usually are implanted with a string to insure quick removal or for sado- masochistic "play." In cases where the sex partner has complained of the string, the string is removed and then the IPD must be taken out surgically. PENIS COIL "STATISTICALLY SAFE" INTERCOURSE, PA. July 10 - Dr. Sonia Softig of the Blue Balls Birth Control Clinic announced today the most effective method of birth control since castration. The device, which Dr. Softig invented, is a microscopic oil which can safely be inserted into the penis with very little It will remain discomfort to the man. be intact for as long as desired and removed as easily as it was inserted that is, with a tiny steel rod which is gently rammed through the penis opening. The main feature of the coil is its Experiments on a retentive power. hundred generations of pigs (whose sexual apparatus is said to be closest to man's) showed an expulsion rate of only 1.3%, with a complication rate of merely 18%. Dr Softig announced that the new coil has also been tested on unsuspecting male grad students who visited their University Health Clinic during the week An experimental of July 1 - July 8. study at Macho University showed that of the 762 male grad students who were given the coil, only 112 reported any adverse effects. Of these, 84 requested that the However, they were coil be removed. informed that they would have to wait until the study was completed before they could have the coil taken out. Dr. Softig has conceded that occasionally a man will not be able to tolerate the coil. But she emphasized that this is entirely the fault of that particular man. "When we get such a case," she stated, "we usually refer the man to a psychiatrist." b-UMBRELLY UNFURLED'# by Jane Field Special Science Editor PUDENDA, KANSAS, July 10 - An entirely new method of birth control has been discovered by Dr. Lura.Merkin of the Merkin Clinic. A tiny folded umbrella is inserted in the penis and opens automatically when it has reached the apex of the shaft. The underside of the umbrella contains jelly (hence, the name which causes the sperm to undergo a chemical change rendering it incapable of fertilizing the egg. Dr. Merkin said that the "umbrelly" can be inserted in the penis without an anasthetic, and with very little discomfort to the male. Thus, it can be done in a matter of minutes, in any soundproof doctor's office. Experiments on a thousand goats (whose sexual apparatus is said to be closest to man's) proved the sperm umbrelly to be 100% effective in preventing pregnancy and eminently satisfactory to the female goat since it does not interfere with her rutting pleasure. Dr. Merkin declared the "umbrelly" to be statistically safe for man. "Out of every hundred goats, only two died of intra-penis infection; only twenty experienced painful swelling in the unerected member; sixteen developed cancer of the testicles; and thirteen were too depressed to have an erection," Dr. Merkin pointed out that early cancer detection is a feature of the Merkin Clinic. Removal of one or both testicles is now considered a simple operation and has very little effect on a goat's sexual prowess. Only one out of a thousand goats had to have a radical penisectomy - that is, removal of the penis as well as the testicles. "But it is too rare to be statistically important", Dr. Merkin said. Other distinguished members of the Women's College of Physicians and Surgeons agreed that the results far outweigh the risk to individual men. 1975 - INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S YEP ?' PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �FAYILY PLANNING There have been obstacles to the practice of family planning. One of the main obstacles has been the fact that, She felt 1:hat education is comin,r, until 1969 the Crimminal Code restricted sale and dissemination of information practice of family :Aanrino.). regaridi 2..contraceptives. flowAV(r, there still exists a ba_:rier in fatily planning services and that is one of education and infromation. It is too little and tno late, people's a'titudes will have to shift to The Dirthe states with all this knowled,-. society has been afraid to move beyond that. surmised that most people in Canada know about contraception, however, about a third of all pre7lancies in Canada are unplanned. The advantaT,es of family planning cannot be overestimated: "If every child is a wanted child, chilren are better cared for, both physically and emotionally. Y,others are subjected to lower health risks if births are spaced carefully. The assurance that anoter child won't come before it's wanted helps couples plan other material and non-material aspects of their lives with more confidence. And we know family planninf; in the wide sense in which it must be defined can assist some of the childless to hear normal healthy habies. amily T-,lannin7. is not 5i. 5l' T.'!.D. It emodi the insertion or an a carerdl if F';!dly resourcs or happy res:)onle faily life." , hea]thy, ::]conomic Council or Canada 1:,arion Powell, Population Unit, :;chool of :Iy;--,iene, Universiy (1 7oronto, has been quoted in say in that '!aving A prevailing spirit seems to that "we are our sisters keepers,.' and we are not doing our duty to others when remaining apathetic to affairs that are constantly callinc; for a change for the better. Erma Stocking, Prov. Sec. of sack. WilA 1914 access to birth control information is not encvh. It is a very complex prol4lem to rove people from attitude to practice. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 1975: International Women's Ycal: �ABORTION PART 3 /1. Far from preventing harm to society, this law is instrumental in causing harm to many women who, desperate to rid themselves of an unwanted pregnancy, endanger and The final criticism of section 251, (which states that it is illegal for abortions to be performed except by a qualified medical practitioner, who has the consent of a therapeutic abortion committee of three) is the obvious difficulties involved in enforcing this law. That this law is not, and has not been enforced is beyond dispute. Innumerable abortions have been performed and continue to be performed in circumstances contrary to the law, and yet only a tiny fraction of these have ever been prosecuted. The main reason for this is that it is intrinsically difficult, almost impossible, to gather evidence of illegal abortions. Almost always, 'illegal abortions are carried out in a private manner with all parties involved consenting. Even those cases which come to the attention of hospital authorities and police cannot as a rule be prosecuted, for usually the women involved, who would seem to be the logical complainants, usually sometimes destroy their own lives and health. It is hard to imagine that even fear of prosecution would deter them. To argue that any of the above are the real purposes of the section merely, is believe, to cloud the issue. Clearly, the original purpose was to codify, what the legislators held to be the prevailing religious and moral belief. As a result, this original purpose remains enshrined in section 251, although it is questionable I whether it now actually represents the general views of society. It is not the case that all Canadians believe abortion to be wrong. A great many believe that there is no moral or any other wrong in abortion per se. In fact, there are many who find it morally wrong to restrict abortions, because of the horrifying results. How can these people, if apprehended for their involvement in proscribed abortions, justifiably be found guilty of a breach of the law? They would have no wrongful or criminal intent - a requirement for conviction under the principles of the criminal law. And yet, so long as In February of 1973 Leggatt, an N.D.P. memb iament from British Colu posed to remove section 2 from the Criminal Code. T the House suggests appro motion, but a word of c needed: this was only a fir and so the vote may well agreement that the matter ed. We are likely to wait time for the second, a reading of this bill. De proposed change to the ab is never brief, and so we sh await a time when Parli prepared to allow all othe It would seem that the difficulty to be set aside. What the will be is an open questio fully, there will be discuss purpose of criminal law i and of this section in parti in obtaining evidence of illegal abortions, and thus the problem in enforcing the law, centres around the fact that most participants in the act the decision will finally be refuse to divulge the identity of those injuring them, or the precise cause of their injuries. - well as witnesses, possible complainants and prosecutors - do as not feel guilty about it, do not feel that what they are doing is wrong. Perhaps this suggests that the law is not fulfilling its intended functions. When established, one of the pur- poses of the law was to protect society against the dangers of unscrupulous, untrained abortionists. However, as already pointed out, it section 251 is contained in the Criminal Code, it is in fact considered a criminal offense. on the effects that the rest abortion are having. It is in parliament, I be not by lawyers and judges u arguments but by politicia in response to public pr what they deem to be pu sure, as well as to their o dual and party stands. Th basically a matter of va opinions, and for the law good, responsible law, it m into account the honestly ion of the citizens it is int has had little success. In addition, protect. serve this purpose. --Val Packota (member-Nation Coalition for Abortion Law Rep there are other laws prohibiting the practice of medicine without a licence which would logically already Another function of the law is to protect members of society against a dangerous operation. However, as an abortion is a relatively easy surgical proceedure, one wonders about the emphasis given to this particular operation. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �ir ibortion LiCij INTEhrhETED: in Northern Ontario (Fart f) ieieORTION - the following is a summary of the research and articles done by Nan HajnovIch and ;inita Dahlin, Staff eriters for the Sault Daily Star. Their articles appeared on January 2, 1973 - January 27, 1973 inclusive. Ti is as difficult to get a therapeutic abortion in Northern Ontario as it is uebec, a survey of hospitals, whose record of 7.6 abortions for every 100 live births come closest to the overall Ontario figure of 17, 'Northern Ontario abortion committees ere as strict as old-fashioned school merms.' The north part of the province is only one example of the uneven application of Section 23( of the eriminal Code since the federal tnendment in 1969. ?en of M. hospitals in Northern Ontario have therapeut:c abortion eemeitteee, rareziru from ,:ochr,nele Lady 'elinto hospital with seventy beds to Sudeury il,emorial with 242 teds. hospitals with such committee also include Kirkland Lake, Dryden, Kapuskasing and Kenora. Although there is only one hospital in Elliot Lake, Fort Frances, Hearst, and Timmins, all of which have more beds than Cochrane, none had an abortion committee. Sioux The Lool<out has two hospitals. larFer one, with 70 beds, is an Indian hospital run by the department of national health and welfare. It has no abortion committee. In the 438 miles between Sault Ste. Marie and Thunder Pay, there are five smaller hospitals, none of which have abortion committees. Toronto General hospital did one ninth of the therapeutic abortions performed in Ontario in 1971 (1,816) and west Toronto East General's 1,004 did one sixth of all legal abortions in the province. Iondon's Victoria Hospital did 1,380 and the Hamilton hospitals another 1 605 so that three cities carried nearly one half the load for the province. (to be CONTINUED - PAFT Ii : * hole of the Newspapers he: Abortion Issue) The The Therapeutic abortions done at six hospitals, Thunder bay Xchellar an .ort -.rtleer ilenerel Hospital, L;e1Alt Mere Plemmer Nemoriel, Cudbur emorial, North Pay Civi and Cochrane Lady Nieto totalled 776 in 1971. ,empared with the number of live births, the figure for this part of e province worl,s out to 1.R. FeportinR; hospitals comprise 75 of the hospital beds in those institutions with abortion committees. If those unreported did a comparable number of abortions the figure for the north might reasonably be placed at 2.4, or one sixth of the Ontario average. 1975: International Women's Year PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �t,rt_er comple..8 oi the legs, glide hands over buttocks to central_ back. 2. Slide hands all the way back to feet and repeat #1 (all the way up legs) with some pressure. 3. Massage buttocks, knead the flesh. as if At first work on both kneading bread. buttocks, then concentrate on one, then the other. (For this you can remain on one side of recipient. No need to change sides). Rhythmic strokes. Make small, 1/2" circles all over each buttock using the middle three fingers of your hand pressed tightly into a triangle with the middle finger on top. 6. Use thumbs to press in (toward spine) and down (into back). Hold each press about 5 seconds. This is done at base of spine on points indicated. 7. Using thumbs make small circles into spine and up. Continue up to top of spine. Circles link together. At shoulders do some kneading out to upper edge of blade. 8. Slide hands back to buttocks. Locate muscle columns up of back (about half way between spine and side) and make 2-3 long, hard presses all the way up these to shoulders, kneading again. at Make larger circles all over buttocks using heel of hand. 4. 5. Spread fingers of hand wide apart. Place hand firmly against lower slope of one Now shake the buttock quickly buttock. first forward and back (30-40 shakes) then side to side. Repeat with other buttock. According to the Tantric teachings, our psychological condition is more dependent on the state of the spine than any other part of the body. You will surely agree to this when you experience the deep sense of relief and release when your back is thoroughly massaged. Spend your time well on giving a back massage. top. 9. 10. Bend elbow. Place hand on small of back. (Hold hand in place with your foot.) Use your fingers of one hand as in #3 and thumb of other hand to knead muscles under shoulder blade. Repeat for other shoulder. 11. Hold one of his arms in both your hands. Lift and push elbow in circnla motion watching shoulder muscle. When you see it rippling you know you have the right movement. Repeat for other shoulder (about 10 times). 12. Slide back to top of buttocks. Ask friend to take in a deep breath and hold. it. After 4-5 seconds have him breathe out and MOVE WITH HIS BREATH pushing all the way up back, arriving at shoulders as his breath finishes. REPEAT TWICE. (MUCH pressure). Straddle your friend's thights. Give several strokes all the way up to the shoulders with some pressure. (Gets the circulation going) ALSO USE THIS STROKE BETWEEN OTHER STROKES. GIVES YOU A SHORT REST - TIME TO THINK WHAT COMES NEXT - AND DOESN'T BREAK CONTINUITY. FEELS BEAUTIFUL. 1W5: Make circles into spine again using whole hand. Link circles as in #7. International Women's Year PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �J. 14. 15. Kneu Shouldel- Stand, straddling recipient. Hold Lift and drop his shoulders firmly. them in rapid succession 40-100 times. 77-1/WA-.5 log Care-RI/1/6 THE CEREMONY MCHOLe YOU ge-LPA.-0 i-je- a:7- of r1 REAL ;TAM Experiment with strokes you think Do not hesitate between. would be good. Glide from one to the next. Try, lifting, rocking side-to-side presses, tapping, See if you can locate other drumming. tension-relieving pressure points like those in 116. 'h. Draw lines along all limbs and up spine Called "connecting". meeting at neck. Scratch, tickle or slap his back as he wishes to stimulate skin. STICK AROUND FOR A SECaNi2 ioN/4-E PROOF REAO YOUR Mgr/Cr-6; 0-A- 2 YOU'a OK. thte 17: E1/6N 71/006H .rivi JUST R WON/1W X ivizvre fr Altpl THE I SAWSENSIT/WrY ONE FiA/P5 /N YOUR OWN PROSE:/ ktfrw Wet,- sew ft lriNa ;049,1y PR AMP 5PCC/A4 egasz9rAn(7-",./A-A- rny,...cyz ,PREstp&y, ate.< -WE- 02E56:N729r/0N OF 7-1,6- /1/4.=11/ LNWERSrry /9ar 6A/ -e_eX?Y''' 'frfe k -/,V6 7716 P4W7 lidirN5R Cr si1ilviviN6 IN 1115 PROVA:A7271/6'- 470/4/W .54l/r ,45 GL.R5H&O 'MR.-T:4)/40k; THE miso/y/v, 51111-1." ior NEAR-0Y goicri,e/2.s " &ES CAIARte--5 TAY1 -0/e, ,ON47 Sreze- <7 3--v64-rE, /' :RV 30- 3a -,30, 7-URNep MARE" ;7-H,9A; 0,v6- HE/112 Airry H/9 51.156:1Z, 5X7N.-776H7- Socit-9. Chivelc; A sprjA,_ A.5.549.rAN7; /9 A 1=0Q.AfeR 8RtiMcv7-4:' yoaze- TQY /N6 TO MAKE- A peyAir Alet---AP / you? Man is defined as a human being and woman is defined as female. Whenever she tries to behave as a human beinr, she is accused of trying to emulate the male. Simone de 5eauvoir The Second Sex 1975: PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor International Women's Year �THE LAST (?) /5 TA There are people in Thunder Bay and in We can talk about many controversial subjects today -- religion, sex, politics, rape,other abor-Canadian and American cities who are to face death in a realistic tion, homosexuality -- some of which couldready be and practical way; many of them are labelled as 'taboo.' A real 'biggy taboo' we members of a memorial society - a tend to still avoid discussing is a dirty old voluntary group of people who have 5-letter word: d e a t h. joined together to obtain dignity, simplicity and economy in funeral Let's take that dirty old 5-letter word out through advance planning. of the closet and deal with it for whatarrangements it They not only encourage people to plan really is -- a part of 1 wing. simple arrangements but also encourage them to direct funds to worthy, lifeMany people say it's 'depressing,' say it's giving They even encourage the sad, but not depressing -- sad that a loved causes. bequeathal of eye corneas so that the one is no longer among us; sad that someone blind may see, as well as lifesaving in the prime of life has died of an incurable organs You don't have disease, or has been killed in an accident. such as kidneys. to be associated with a memorial society There is, however, an off-shoot of death that in order to be realistic and practical can be depressing and that is when a bereaved, about death, but it helps. (If you are shock-stricken family spends money it doesn't interested in obtaining memorial society have on an expensive funeral in order to literature, either write to Box 501, r influence rich relatives (who seldom Stn, F, Thunder Bay, or 'phone 683-3051). help out with the payments), or the s, the boss, or whoever and, conseErnest Morgan, author of "A Manual of goes into debt for months or even Death Education & Simple Burial" (Celo It's also depressing that when there available to pay for an elaborate Press), writes: "About accepting death -we commonly act as if we, and those we which means an expensive funeral) love, were going to live forever. money couldn't have been spent, But we are wrong, for all must die--nor can on medical research, or an we know when this will happen........... nal fund, or world relief -- if The subject of death has long been taboo money to be spent, spend it on a in our culture. This is unfortunate, ause. for death is a normal and necessary part of life. t wonder "Why are you including this Until we learn to face it honestly and accept it, we are not in The Northern Woman?" -- statistics living at our best" and that there is a higher and earlier we are to live with patience and gentleness and. te among men which means that wives love, let us be about it today, for life tlive their husbands and are, thereis short." ced with difficult decisions of great at a time when mental and physical Amen. re at a low ebb. Women should be Lucy Tett ways to avoid spending life-time or going into debt, prior to being th having to make what may well be expensive purchase in a life-time: a funeral, 'When you come to love tion to feelings of grief and shock ime of a death, there is also usually someone g of guilt. Those three powerfullyJ Does it mean you love feelings can persuade the most levelerson to weaken, to even tell the director "I just can't cope with all those less whom you ils - you go ahead and do whatever you best..." then, when the statement already love in the mail a week or two later, she y realizes that the funeral she hazily Or do you come to love ed cost much more than she thought it d will put her in debt. more & more & more (?) i 0 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �Electro- shock is a type of convulsive therapy - used in our mental hospitals today. 'Convulsive therapy merely means giving a person an artificial convulsion. Electro -convulsive shock means exectl y a convuisio,I wfiat it sounds like brought about by passing an electric tirough a persoo, Shock was discivered as marry other hlleranies' were discovered; as a treatment of the symptom and not entire problem. The groundwork for electro convulsive Si locls was laid by a Budapest psychiatrist in 1935 by the name of Von Medusa. His research on 'schizophrenic' people (people who are out of touch with reality and a label which many psychiatrists apply at random) brought him to the following conclusion: Convulsions temporarily eliminate 'socially unacceptable behaviour'. He chose the drug 'metrazol' as a means of inducing a convulsion. The convulsions were so extreme that the result was the death (murder) of Very little is known about the other methods. Further, shock is long term effects of shock treatment, used as a form of punishment. If the yet the medical profession continues patient does not behave in a manner to experiment with innocent people. that is satisfactory to the staff, One study on the effects of eictrohe/she is threatened with more treatconvulsiveshock reports: ment --shock. Finally, after a series result of shod, one a 1. As of shock, the follow-up care is often experience confusion and memory minimal or non-existant. gaps .(loss of short term memory). Shock is given to an individual at 2. There is a decrease in one's the discretion of the doctor not at learning ability after repeated shock. the discretion of the person who is 3. There is a gradual lowering about of to receive it, especially if that one's level of recovery as the number person has been involuntarily comof shocks increases, i.e. ine memory mitted. There are two types of takes longer to recur. people in the Thunder Bay Psychia The lain. is Olaf eiectro convulsive tric wards voluntary 'incompeshock is nod because it works it temporally eliminates the 'had' behavior (symptmn) and, vvnen the 'bad' behavior returns....you are shocked again. The cause of the 'bad' behavior is most often ignored. It is ignored because a basic principle which underlies rnost 'tilerapY is many people. The term 'murder' is that of dealing with the individual tents' here because the individuals who died as a result, where unknowing and helpless victims of 'scientific are used and the individual's problems as they tents'. mani rested in a VOid, ign oring or denying social/co involuntary 'incompeAlmost half (48%) of all and mental patients admitted to Onta- rio's 17 mental hospitals were forciband economic injustices wi ach ;exist ly committed. The difference in the for the majority of the population. status of such individuals is the A few years later, in 1938, two Canadian psychiatric wards:. are voluntary commits her/himself while Italian psychiatrists took up the filled with poor prmitple, usually the involuntary is committed by cause. They developed a method of working people and women. Stich family or other institutions. The creating convulsions through the use individuals have been labelled 'moon voluntary 'incompetents' still have of electro-shock. The complication tally ill' by the medical and legal this time was, again, extreme convulthe right to decide what happens to the psyc'liaexperts on madness sions resulting in severe physical them, the involuntary have NO trists and judges. The experts Have ini,tries and in some cases, death. RIGHTS. In Ontario it only takes spent many years compiling a listthe of signature of one doctor to have A paralytic drug called 'curare' labels describing different 'types'you of committed. When a person retie was than intnduced by A.E.. Bennett mental illness. The most common are as a means of preventing physical ses to accept the decisions of the 'schizophrenic', 'psychotic', 'alcs.y injuries by paralyzing the patients doctors and staff as is her/his right, it holicipsychopath' and 'neurotic'. muscles. Curare further paralyzed is interpreted as a further sign Once the incividual has been catagothe lungs and heart and, as a result, his/her 'illness'. Thus even the people rized she/he is locked up, 'treated' many people died. Later less traumawho voluntarily commit themselves and then processed. The treatment in fact have no rights. One Canadian t:: muscle relaxants were introduced too often is electro-convulsive shock. and, once the bumps were smoothed CommuniLv Health worker states: out, electro - convulsive shock be- There are therapists who strongly agree that electro-convulsive shock came very popular. The reason for research'. should be banned entirely as they it'swick, popularity was economy. It was efficient and less staff were view its use as inhumane arid violent. ,eouired. Further, it was much easier The more conservative therapists for the staff to 'control' quiet and agree in theory that shock should be obedient 'patients'. used only in extreme cases where Presently, shock is a popular form every other method of treatment has of 'treatment' in Thunder Bay Psychiatric wards. As Thunder Baybeen is tried and failed. However, in actual practice, shock is often used the regional hospital, all of North form of 'treatment' as the only western Ontario's electro convulsive without having attempted to explore shocks are administered here. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �shocK- -At you're acting or feeling too Very modern and follows the current school psychological thought, that of modification. Behavior behavior mod. (as it is called), appears to be a very simple philosophy.: It says to depressed for your professional helpers they can shock We ink Out of you with electric shock. For the next few weeks or month alter tins shock treat mem, you'll be confused, 'iris oriented' (sometimes not knowing where you are or what time it is) and forget a lot of things. reward good behavior and punish make gigantic decisions, like, what mal breathing and color are re established (an ashen gray color indicates serious complications and should be reported mmedi- the trick, they'll give you maybe 15, 20 or more shocks until you cheer up and snap out of what the staff imagine is bugging you and them about it is atel y.) Some people may become excited andior combative if the nurse 2. tries to control them...therefore assistance or restraints may be you. But don't worry; your memory will come back in necessary about a month after they stop shocking you. Also a few blood vessels in your brain may have hemorrhaged or ruptured after 50-100 of these 'treatments', but you probably won't know it (until it's too late). some Since most people are confused and disoriented after shock... keep them in bed 3. 4. 2. jects are removed and long hair is braided 3. Dentures are removed 4. Tight clothing is removed 5. Person receiving shock is toileted and temperature, pulse and respiration are supposed to be checked 6. 7. Psnigs such as 'atropine' or 'dramarnine' are given in order to prevent nausea and excessive salivation Shock is usually given in a separate room so that other patients are not able to observe - especially those who are next in the line up B. shock, if so, more drugs An individtra may be frightened at the loss of her/his mernbry but the staff stands ready to assure the person that it is only temporary. (from a psychiatric nursing text, 1971 ) call it Why is electro-convulsive shock used? There are many ways of looking at this final question. As has been pointed out, economically electro convulsive shock is very useful. The majority of Canadian psychiatric hospitals are understaffed. Why? In Toronto in 1971; only 4% of the total Public Health Department budget was allocated to the mental Health Division. Since there are too few to handle the large number of patients, other methods of 'control' with quickly with the use of shock, and as a result, hospital beds are swallow her/his 10. The person assisting in the administration nI Ike shock holds the mouth gag and then puts pressure on the patient's chin so that fracture or dislocation of t le raw will be averted. behavior of mine, say drinking alcohol, is bad then he will try to punish like I am unable to find a decent job, not bite tongue. or lar behavior. For example, if a behavioral psychologist decides that a particualr are necessary. I be drinking for significant reasons, give them some A mouth gag is inserted in the mouth so that the person does the desired position. 'good' and what is 'bad', and maybe worst of all, what, is 'behavior'? The aspect of most concern is that people cannot be separated from the world they live in, much less their particu- ence nausea, dizziness, blurring of vision and headache following that the extreme use of drugs and shock have thus far provided a solution. Less staff are required to handle drugged or shocked patients, and in addition, less time is required in working with patients. Finally, symptoms are dealt A special jelly called 'electrode jelly' is applied to the temples and then the person is placed in is An individual may also experi- S. Food intake is either restricted or limited prior to shock Hairpins and/or other metal ob- behavior. mod. runs amuk because it must my excessive drinking and reward me when I am not drinking. This of may course, is dangerous because Procedures In Administering Shock 1. behavior bad following takes place: Respiration is checked until nor1. If one or two shocks don't do ever However, After the shock is administered the It seems them like my family is forced to live in a slum and my children are constantly hungry and in need of decent clothing etc. If the psychologist does not look beyond the symptom (drinking) he will identify me as ill and will try to eliminate my behavior, most often ignoring the reasons for it. Electra-convulsive shack is just one way of destroying people in our society. There are many -others, yet we claim that people are important. Psychiatric 'hospitals', 'prisons', 'old folks homes', these are the reflecting mirrors of our culture. These are the mirrors we see ourselves TN in. MOHN1NG .RAYIA THE SENIS C $H MALI/ GIVES TILE POLLO*ING THANKS; ELE LORD OUR GOD, ART THOU , KING OF THE UM TESE, 1 WA::j NOT hOHN A WOMAN. emptied quickly. However, this solu- tion must be questioned since, ac- cording to one article on Ontario psychiatric hospitals, 'In 1971, 67% was the rate of re-admission in the Toronto Queen St. hospital.' PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �rkrorNyl RrAart... 011BWAY 'NATO KENORA AREA iiii"ANOSIMMISMallitigevow,,,Tosvatteletut80,2467141Ma1/464,fiv 4aVotitamt..wmees..4onpAr.foxi....,sosisralt- THE OJIBWA': YIARRIDK) SOdETY STATEMENT The following is ihe Oiihway rior Socieiv giving 41 brit f (iniline of the hisior\ ;1 nature and role of ihe \y;irrior in outline of the pt'('( ili siruggle warrior society in Kenora. lin 4. }lib..., oTtry,wAy \.\.,\131.(totz I, Since the origin (Air cominualties, all Nations have had a Warrior Society, 2, The Warrior Society irises 10 protect ;Ind serve calf. communities in times of war and opiiVesSiOn, W'avviors come ()anti alliong-- the hunters, trapp'l.irs, workers, women and Men, young and olil, The Warriors fought the invaders, the Evil-Ash troops and the French troops and the Spanish troops throughout North America. The warriors have also fought the American and Cana lian armies. The Warriors have fought against all attempts by foreign pov.,,ers to destroy Our corm-nu n:tics and way Of governing ourselves. The Warriors have also fought in the Second World War in the Canadian Army against the Nazis in Europe. The Warriors have fought in Wounded Knee (1973) and in kenora and Cache Creek: (l971), 'cite Warrior Societies of ;ill tribes and Nations have loo ht on all fronts for the liberation of mankind vat for the basic right of every human being and every family and every nation against aggression. :U RI exploitation. The Warrior Societies of all Nations and all Tribes honour our Governing bodies 11111 Councils as well as the policies of the people. 1. II' there is no war, our communities respond to the specific conditions and to the needs of the people. The Warrior Society participates inbuilding the new society and works hard to build our Nations and our communities. 5. The 'Warrior Society is a tradition of all Nittioas, like that of the 11.1edicine Soc!iely, 1975: 1975: Interne Interna The Warrior Society learns from the Theory PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using aof watermarked copyLaw of CVISION PDFCompressor and Lessons the Land andevaluation from the Great that everyone must be free and follow the revolu- �19 LETTER TO THE EDITORS . When the Northern Woman began, it dealt with basic emotion. Many of us began to discover, for the first time in our lives, that the frustrated feelings we had were not signs of insanity, but rather of having to deny ourselves the rights: to be us, to admit we had an ego, to try to be whatever we thought we had the ability and stamina to be, and to be accepted for our intelligence as well as our bodies. The knowled-,e, understanding and acceptance that we really could be and do whatever we wanted was explosive. Sparks of new- found friendship and tremendous emotional support of one another flew in all directions, and ignited that almost-smothered desire for life in its fullest sense. That emotional support and accept- ance that I found at first over- wheimed me, then fractured the direction my life had been going in. At last I was free to take control of my own life and to set my own priorities. The North- ern Women's Conference in April, 1973 did that for many women, and out of that conference grew the Northern Women and The Northern Women's Centre, both of which supported and communicated with women as people. For many of us it's been almost a year and a half since The rIreat Awakening has taken place. During that time, many women have found the direction they want their lives to go, and have made a lot of progress. Their consciousnesses have been raised, and they have graduated from lying on their backs to the walking and running stage of development. They're now taking on the broader social issues (rape, abortion, conditions in other lands, etc.) wnicn must be dealt with. But what about the women who are not yet aware of why they are in the situations they're in? The Northern Woman is be7inning to reach above the heads of women who are not yet out of the babyhood stages of development. Co t PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �I'm not advocation a regression of the part of the Northern Woman, or even a slower rate of growth. caution. I do, nowever, suggest I don't want The Northern Woman to become so intellect- ualized that only the aware woman can relate to it. We must not for- get that we have many sisters who are still floundering in situations they don't quite understand. Women are still ;roping for someone, somewhere, who can look her in the eye and say honestly, without reI care. broach or impatience, "I understand. I'll Help." I'd like to suggest that at least one page per issue of The Northern Woman be used as an "open" consciousness-raising forum. There are many women who are still too insecure (or have other reasons) to participate in a "closed" C-R session. I would not object to a writer remaining anonymous if she so desired. be identified at first. It is terrifying to speak and As she shares her experiences and feeling, sne'll become more sure of herself and wouldn't remain anonymous forever {haven't we been anonymous long enough?). Also, suggestions on how to act and react to male-chauvinist acts and statements would be helpful. Example: Are YOU a Women's Libber? When I'm up. against a question like that, I usually ask the speaker to explain the term, and then I base my reply on nis/her definition. Sincerely, EDITORS REPLY; Your letter clearly expresses a concern many of us have been discussing lately. Are we relating to women who still cling to the obsolete social stereotype of helpless protected female. What can we do about it? Everyone agrees we need another conference, however as this is not possible, this year at least, we will start with your good suggestion of an "open" consciousness-raising page. We do have a problem though. We are getting very little feedback, in writing, about the contents of the newsletter, so have nothing much with which to gauge whether we are in fact tdo"intellectual" for some readers. Are they even reading it? We really are in the toddler stage of development comparelto some of the analytical writings of other women's papers. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �s Re-p Aft-, We do feel the newsletter is bringing issues to light in hopes of making more women aware of some of the problems women are having, because of their sex. You are correct we cannot slow our rate of growth. We "can't slow the train" but we can reach out more effectively so that women can catch hold and ''et on board if they wish to. We hope, Deanna, you will share with us more specifically how you dealt with the obstacles and put-downs you encountered in order to "take control of your own life". --barb and Bonnie are anxious to get, the children's room in operation. All manner of equipment and supplies are desperately needed (a list is posted in the centre) if you have anything to donate please bring it to the centre or phone 6?07 for pickup., --Sita is moving to Macdiarmid (near Nipigon ). this month. She has a new job there and a beautiful hose to live in. She also has a. three month. old infant to be taken ease of. 3he weAd like to find someone who would he vii i ra to move with her in the role of helper -- to 100x after the infant and become part of the family. If you :know of anyone who might be interested in assuming this position or are interested. yourself, write to her at this address; 3ita 'ieierthal. Macdiarmid, Ont. or pho-e at --The funding we received for this newsWe would letter is nearly all gone. I ike to sontinue (publishing?) with money received from subnriptonti. 10any of you have been receiving. t'or: newsletter free We thin4 we are worthy of a of charge, Hope ,you do $2.00 yearly subscription. too, MTIi:;;CRTBE COIl. Sha.r :our news- letter with your frionds. too would liKe fo Perhaps they 345-57(,7. --if you would like to work part-time THIINIA-CHOLT and are a school psycholint or he- To Inc 'STEki':0 SHACK, Victoria Ave. who haviour consultant cohtlet raren i?hodes 622-7541. have refused to remove an obnoxious advertisement from their window... depicting a woman's breasts an stereo spea4ers. Breasts have one main functon and being wired for sound is not one! "1 --Next month 's issue will he dedicated. to WORi<ING WOMN=N and any articles, letters or personal experiences would be apprecPlease submit any material to iated. Box 314 Thunder Bay "P" by !'Th;v. 1st, or drop off at the centre. -- Watch for the "Northern women 's Centre" grand opening, near th(tend of October. To Helen Halet who was recently hired as Women's Director for the '2hunder Bay YVYWCA. Helen is also a very hard worKer for The Northern Women's Centre. irternational :kpmen'3 Year 1975: PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �A MOUSE IN WOMEN'S CENTRE ! Yes, it's true (a female one, of course). ! ! I don't know how many are in the nest but I'm aware of one so far and so shall tell you about her only. She sat there, looking around at the women arranged in a circle. Sometimes she'd busy herself rustling papers, or scurrying out to the kitchen area, then back to the circle -- watching, listening, feeling uncomfortable about what she was seeing and hearing but too timid to do anything about it. That mouse is ME -- and I have a very icky feeling about myself for not voicing my thoughts and feelings at last night's Women's Centre Meeting at which Ruth Cunningham, Director of Women's Programs, Confederation College, was unfairly (in my mousey opinion anyway) criticized for tile way in which the recent' 'Family Property Law' seminar was run. The criticism came from one who, to the best of my knowledge, hasn't attended one of our Centre's meetings before. Some of her criticisms were that the resource persons designated as group leaders were not adequately knowledgeable of our laws; that secretarial students from tie College's Legal Secretary Division were more or less coerced into taking notes (one student per group) and, also, were allegedly told by some unknown person "It would be nice if you would wear a dress." I I appreciated having a non law-affiliated person as the resource leader in the group was An -- though she couldn't answer all the questions put to her (many of which were off the subject we were supposed to be dealing witn), she had done extensive reading and preparation which was more than the rest of us had done although we, too, were aware of the seminar months in advance. If a lawyer, for instance, had been our resource leader, most of Us in.the group would have felt inadequate and unwilling to participate. to me the main overall concensus of the plenary session: I suspect It emphasized that more education is vitally needed in tne areas of matrimonial, family and property law, commencing in the elementary grades. Regarding the note-taking roles of the College's secretarial students: these students were not totally obliged to be note-takers secretarial course in the first place). (nor, I am sure, were they obliged to enrol' in the Perhaps they saw this as an opportunity to practice their chosen field of work and, at the same time, as an opportunity to learn about family and property law. I think it was a beneficial and sensible arrangement for all concerned - the PDF compression, OCR, web optimization and using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor students, the enlisted participants, the College. Coirtf. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northern Woman Journal Description An account of the resource Northern Woman Journal Published in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Northern Woman Journal (originally called Northern Woman) started in 1973 following the first annual Northern Women’s Conference in order to keep the conference attendees connected. Initially serving as a newsletter of events, local issues, and women’s resources, the Northern Woman Journal quickly became a diverse publication reaching national and international readers. Not only did it serve as a newsletter to keep local women up to date on feminist issues in Northwestern Ontario, but also as a safe space to discuss women’s resources, law, politics, economics, health, racism, sexism, homophobia, feminist organizing and activism, transnational feminist issues, poetry, feminist reading, feminist art, and women’s diverse lived experiences.One of the longest-running feminist perodicals in North America, the Northern Woman Journal reached its end in 1995. Throughout its 22 years, the Northern Woman Journal was produced by its many collective members, with membership evolving year to year. For many years, the journal worked closely alongside and shared space with the Northern Women’s Centre and the Northern Women’s Bookstore. With the exception of a year-long government grant in the 1970s, the journal relied entirely on subscription fees and donations in order to maintain publishing, which presented challenges throughout its entire existence. As stated in an early version of the editorial policy, “only by a free and open exchange of views and opinions will we develop a basis for unity which can be used as a basis for action.” Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Northern Woman, Vol 1 No 13 Description An account of the resource The Northern Woman (Health issue) Topics include: Editorial policy Patient rights Birth control methods (benefits & disadvantages) The pill Spermicides Condoms Diaphragm Vasectomy Intrauterine Devices (IUD) Voluntary sterilization Male birth control breakthroughs Intrapenal device Penis coil Family planning Abortion law Equal access to healthcare Comics Death & family law Electroshock conversion therapy Ojibway Warrior Society Kenora Letter to the editor Local announcements & events Authors/Contributors: Val Packota Jane Field Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Northern Woman Journal Collective Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974-09 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Published on this site with permission. Language A language of the resource English https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/16/2737/1974_Vol_1_No_14_CV01.pdf 8468874e77e5ccae8e68d959c3a79606 PDF Text Text PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �EDITORIAL This issue is dedicated to working women in an attempt to increase women's awareness of themselves as workers. Women are in the work force in large numbers and the proportion of women with children who work outside the home is increasing. Yet, while the proportion of working women is increasing, their situation in the work force is largely unchanged. They are not spread evenly throughout the work force, but tend to be concentrated in jobs which These jobs are are service, office and light indLotrial wonk, . female, role in the home, and include generally exteneioas of the cleaning, chile C870 and 'are of duties such as food preparation, considerably loss than the sick and elderly, Here, they are reid with dual men, are generally non-unionized and nc.aally rust C01.3 &ddcd al den of inadequate home and work responsfbilities plus f:tie child care. When a history of working women is cxanined, we fleil that in the earliest societies there existed a divi--,on of labour such that men did the hunting and woman the gothoring. fo one ses: was considered superior because both did the work necessary for survival. Today, women's work has become low in eeeeesi and discrimfration on the basis of sex has been repeatedly shown 'e )xict, We-r:en are viewed primarily as a cheap labour noo: for use in times of national need. Women are generally employed in areas where labour costs form the bulk of all production cost ;labourintensive industries), which means more profit can be made by paying low wages than by expenditures on machinery. automating. Automation requires 7arge of sLch areas as the textile industry. This is particularly true factories threaten to unionize and press for If the women in the working eonditions, they threaten profits higher wages and better decide to relocate to where they can and the company :7nvolved maT Clown wages)9 on they may decide to find better condiaons replace the troublesome workers. automate afterall, and thereby Automation, when used properly could benefit wcrkers by giving them more time with their families, and by eliminating boring or hard lat'our, but instead, It is used ase increase Profits by eliminating the jobs of some, and le-ening the remaining workers under the same pre-autometion condition. Many :omen in factories today have jobs only because they ane cheaper than meehines. Woman also plays a special role in her job because her "femininity" is her greatest assets. She is used to attract customers or to provide "charming service" (such as in the case of a stewardess with the corn st makeup and the right amount of bare leg). A secretary's ability te serve coffee graciously and anticipate her boss' needs is taken as evidence of HIS importance In additien to the actual and the efficiency of the Company. technical demands of the job, a w-man muot be peepared to sell herself in order to promote her worknce and thus ensure her job, PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �OCTOZER The Ontario Medical college for Women is established as a result of a meeting held under the auspices of Toronto Women's Suffrage Assn., 1883. Frances Nokes, appointed the first woman clerk ofthe Ontario Legislature -- Toronto 1973 Irene Florence Murdock is not entitled to a half interest in her husband's rtnching business, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in a 4-1 judgement -- Ottawa, 1973. Mrs kornoski was escorted from the Ont. Legislature after she tried to speak out ageinst the Workmen's Compensation Board. She received a back injury in a Toronto factory 8 yrs. ago and was receiving $75. a mo. in compensation Toronto, 1973 Donna Scott, named by Premier WM. Davis as the first non-civil servant to serve on the seven member Civil Service Commission which sets employment standard for Ontario's 68,000 civil servants--1974 Sandra Niessen's claim that Algoma Steel Corp. discriminated against her when she was refused an un-skilled labor job because there were no women's washrooms was supported by the Ontario Human Rights Commission -- Sault Ste. Marie, 1974. Coleen Miller active with and Castlegreen was hired as consumer help officer for the Federal Dept. of Consumer & Corporate Affairs. Misleading advertising, unethical sales practices, hassles over warranties call Ms. Miller at 623-1124 -- Thunder BaY, 1974 Michelle Dionne, first Canadian woman to be accepted at the University of Louvain Belgium. Upon completion of the course she may become Canada's first female brewmaster -- Cornwall, 1974 a Health Minister Marc Lalonde reintroduced in the Commons the bill on the Canada Pension Plan amendments which would enable housewives to participate in the plan ---Ottawa,19744 Helen Harrison, aviator, who taught the fundamentals of flying to hundreds of men and during her 8 yrs. in aviation has chalked up 2,4000 flying hrs., is appointed chief instructor at the London Ont. Flying Club -- 1941. The Mother-Led Union met Rene Brunelle, Minister of Community & Social Services and told him he had until spring to conceive a new approach to services for single mothers or they will leave as many as 3,000 children with ministry officials -- Toronto 1974 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �Judge Ethel MacLachlan, first woman juvenile court judge and justice of peace in Canada, writes to judges suggesting that their juvenile courts be supplied with women probation officers -- 1921. 14 .146- Charlotte Whitton becomes the first woman mayor of a Canadian city -- Ottawa, 1951. Florence Baynard Bird, appointed in 1967 as chairwoman of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada and recognized for her service to Canada by a Companion of the Order of Canada, receives an honorary degree -- 1971. Mothers-On-Budgets re-elect Colleen Miller president; Margaret Weaver, vice-president; Elaine Daoust, secretary and Gerri Harrison, treasurer-- Thunder Bay, 1974 The Privy Council rules that women are persons Senate -- 1929. and are able to sit in the Canadian Justice Minister Otto Lang said he intervened with Secretary of State Hugh Faulkner to stop a grant to the Saskatoon Women's Centre, which advises women on birth control and abortion -- Ottawa, 1974. Of 43 persons contesting the 12 aldermanic seats, five were women, four won seats, the largest female representation ever -- Calgary, 1974. Nellie McClung, feminist, suffragist, writer, born -- 1873 Madeleine de Vereheres, a 14-yr. old girl, takes command of Fort Vercheres and successfully defends it for 8 days against an Iroquois attack -- 1692. Sheila Noyes taught in Sierra Leone, Africa during July and Aug. as a volunteer with the 1974 Canadian Teachers Federation Project Overseas -- Thunder Bay 1974. THE NORTHRILN WOMEN'S CENTRE spearheaded a local symbolic day of mourning in conjunction with the National Action Comm-ttee on the Status of Women, which says the Bill of Rights died last month when the supreme Court of Canada upheld a section of the Indian Act under which native women who marry non-Indians lose their Indian status. The Supreme Court ruled against Jeanette Lavell -- Thunder Bay, 1973. Eileen S. Magill of Winnipeg receives her Private Pilot certificate and becomes the first woman in Manitoba (and the second in Canada) to receive a pilots' license --1928; * PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �Women attending a weekend consultation. on International Women's Year were dismayed at learning Suzanne Findlay, chairman of the Women's Program in the Secretary of State department was losing her job, jeopardizing many project by a change in leadership two months before I. W. Y. begins. Estelle Friedlander represented the NORTIII:a WOMEN'S 1974 CENTRE at the consultation.-- Ottawa Const. Linda Druger, Thunder Bay, Const. Tosca Meier Kenora and Const. Barbara Winters,Renora are three women from N.W.O. who took advantage of the U.P.P.'s announcement that women would be accepted as candidates for police constables -- Thunder Bay, 1974. Elaine Tanner wins two silver medals at the Olympics in Mexico City -- 1968. M.P.'s favor housewives joining pension plan. Welfare Minister Marc Lalonde hopes the changes will be approved in time for them to take effect Jan. 1. -- Ottawa 1973 (moving right along aren't they) see Oct. 10 & Nov. 4 EX R 0 Marjorie (Marnie) Clarke, appointed the new director of the Ont. Ministry of Labor's Women's Bureau -- 1974 500 women from 96 communities (Diane Begg lawyer from Thunder Bay) attended a twoday conference on family property law -- Toronto 1974 3S, (from Thunder say) first deaf-blind person in the British Commonwealth to receive a. bachelor of arts degree, University of Toronto, dies of brain tumor-19711)e :ae -,3rown, ,....11.1 Despite widespread support the Commons talked out a,private members bill which would have enabled housewives to participate in the Canada Pension Plan -- Ottawa, 1974. * United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopts the Elimination of Discrimination against Women -- 1967. Declaration on the NORTHERN WOMEN'S CENTRE holds official Grand Opening (too busy to do it earlier) In the centre are a Free Children's Playroom, Library, Drop-in-Centre. We are involved in a newsletter, health-care, rape-crisis, housing (crisis), day-care and all issues which affect women -- Thunder Bay, 1974 The 30-yr. old Toronto Men's Press Club decided (43-34) to open its membership to It will also apply for a change of name, dropping reference to men --1974 women. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �NoveriesR co h t'ot Raynelle Andreychuk, lawyer was elected as vice -president of the council of Canadian Young Men's Christian Association -- Orillia,-1973. * Dr. Emily Howard Stowe attends mtg. of the American Soc., for the Advancement of Women and decides to instigate a similar organization in Canada 1876. Jo * Emmeline Pankhurst speaks in Toronto to the Canadian Club ( a male club) while on tour of Canada to further the Suffragist cause -- 1909. 11 * Under the direction of Celia Franca, the Canadian National Ballet gives it first performance at Eaton Auditorium -- 1951. 12 The Federal Government's $500,000 contract with Ronalds-Reynolds advertising agency to promote International Women's Year, was describe' as a colossi-) waste of money at a mtg. of the Ontario Status of Women's Council. They also deplore the $250.000 for one big conference. Toronto, 1974 14 Mrs. Duzi common-law-wife of Mr. Chodak for 28 yrs. was awarded $60,000 by the Ontario Supreme Court. She had been willed $500. and the bulk of the estate was to be distributed among 6 of Mr. ChodaK's relatives living in Europe -- 1974. *Margaret Atwood, novelist and poet, born 1939. Nellie's, a crisis shelter for women, (named for writer and feminist Nellie McClung) has been in operation in a big house behind the Y.M.C.A. at 275 Broadway Ave. since June- Toronto, 1974. Ella White, the first woman manager of a credit union office in the city, retains the unique post for 10 yrs.-- Thunder Bay, 1973. If 21 23 for * Gabrielle Roy, one of Canada's greatest novelists, is awarded Canada Council Medal outstanding cultural achievement -- 1968. NORTHERN WOMEN'S CENTRE ACTION PROJECT receives L. T. P. grant of $17,810 to employ 5 people -- Thunder Bay, 1974. ti Ann Shilton becomes the first woman principal of a public academic high school in Metro -- Toronto, 1974. 2G Lita-Rose Betcherman, former head of the province's women's bureau and Gail Brent, lawyer, are added to the list of 40 men on the Ontario Labor-Managements Arbitration Commission -- 1973. 28 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �NlovtAbER Areal Inc. an organization supporting abortion reform has called for the resignation of Justice Minister Otto Lang, saying he does not recognize the views of a majority of Canadians on the question of abortion -- Ottawa, 1974 * Lucy Maud Montgomery, author of many books, the best known of which is Anne of Green Gables, set in her home province, Prince Edward Island, born, -- 1874. * Credits to Herstory (A Canadian Wo, Collective 1974 01 "CH s Calendar) by the Saskatoon Women's Calendar "A MAN PUTS A WOMAN ON A PEDESTAL SO HE WON'T HAVE TO LOOK HER IN THE EYE!" "W 'GR TO WH "WOMEN'S WORK IS NEVER DONE- OR RECOGNIZED OR PAID FOR OR HONORED OR COMMENDED Jocelyn Ward the Yukon Territories representitive on the Federal .Advisory council on the Status Of Women 1974. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �'Minn De POLITICS Of Men adore the Cosmopolitan - Playboy idea of a *liberated" woman, she is allowed a Mind-of-her own and Stimulating Career. What sophisticated male wants to live with a dummy or an old-fashioned "door-mat", all hung up with hubbie and kiddies? The New Doormat is fantistically sexy, makes out a lot (and you don't even have to marry her!) and manages, amidst all this "liberation," to keep every ounce of her "femininity". This means she still does the housework. Real liberation ain't easy. "THOUGH WOMEN DO NOT COMPLAIN OF THE POWER OF HUSBANDS, EACH COMPLAINS OF HER OWN HUSBAND, OR OF THE HUSBANDS OR HER FRIENDS. IT IS THE SAME IN ALL OTHER CASES OF SERVITUDE: AT LEAST IN THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EMANCIPATORY MOVEMENT. THE SERF'S DID NOT AT FIRST COMPLAIN OF THE POWER OF THEIR LORDS, RUT ONLY OF THEIR TYRANNY..." ----John Stuart Mill, ON THE SUBJECTION OF the very beginning. Which is that it stinks Here's my list of dirty chores; buying groceries, carting them home and putting them away: cooking meals and washing dishes and and pots; doing the laundry; digging out the place when things get out of control washing floors. The list could go on but th sheer necessities are bad enough. All of us have to do these jobs, or get someone else to do them for us. The longer my husband contemplated these chores , the more repulse he became, and so proceeded the change from the normally sweet considerate Dr. Jekyll into the crafty Mr. Hyde who would stop at nothing to avoid the horrors of --housework. womim. As he felt himself backed into a corner lade Housework. What? You say this is all with dirty dishes, brooms, mops and reeking trivial? Wonderful! thought. It seems perfectly reasonable. That's what I garbage, his front teeth grew longer and pointier, his fingernails haggled and his We both had careers, both had to work a eyes grew wild. Housework trivial? Not on couple of days a week to earn enough to your life! Just try to share the burden. live on, so why shouldn't we share the housework? So I suggested it to my mate So ensued a dialogue that's been going on and he agreed--most men are to hip to for several years. turn you down flat. high points. said. You're right, he Here are some of the It's only fair. "I don't mind sharing the house work, but I Then an interesting thing happened. I don't do it very well We should each do can only explain it by starting that the things we're best at." women have been brain-washed more than Meanin: we imagine. like washing dishes or cooking. Probably too many years of Unfortunately I'm no good at thing What I do seeing media-women coming over their best is a little light carpentry, changing shiny waxed floors or breaking down over light bulbs, moving. furniture. their dirty shirt collars. do you move furniture). Men have no (How often Also meaning: historically the lower classes such conditioning. Theyoptimization recognize using the a watermarked PDF compression, OCR, web evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor essential fact of housework right from (Blacks and women) have had hundreds of �eJrs of doing menial jobs. I would be a Meaning: If I begin to get bugged by the waste of manpower to train someone else to dirt and crap, I will say "This place do them now. sure is a sty" or "How can anyone live Also meaning: I don't like the dill stupid like this?" boring jobs, so you should do them. I know that all women have a sore called "I don't mind sharing the work, but you'll wilt over a messy house or housework is 'oave to show me how to do it". ultimately my responsibility. :'oeninT.,: I ask a lot of questions and you'll this sore long and hard enough it'll Aavo to show ma everything, everytime I do bleed and you'll do the work. because I don't remember so good. Also and wait for your reaction. If I rub I can out- wait you. lon't try to sit down and read while I'm Also meaning', can provoke innumerable thoing my jobs because I'm going to annoy scenes over the house work issue. out of you until it's easier to do theka yourself. "We used to be happy! ually, doing all the Event- ousework yourself will be less painful to you than trying to (said whenever it was get me to do half. his turn to do something) irg: I used to as happy. oly IViatriftTov vz 80,=niaa, Life without housework is Ories. No allarrel here. Perfect agreement. HA nave different standards, and why socol( I have to work to your standards. "I've got nothing against sharing the TOat's unfair." housework, but you can't make me do it un your schedule. Meanin passive resistance. I'll do it when I damn well please, if at all. If my job is doing dishes it's easier to do them once a week. If taking our laundry, once a month. a year. If washing the floors, once If you don't like it, do it your- self oftener, and then I won't do it at all. "I hate it more than you. You don't mind it so much". Mearlim. Housework is shitwork. worst crap I've ever done. It's the It's de- grading and humiliating for someone of nut intelligence to do it. But for someone of your intelligence... "Housework is too trivial to ev n talk about." PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �I CPA Avs tico.tetri \e.f.1 '44 Ala...P' c66,1:NP ktik. to home. Also meaning:I am only interes;e Wra t)o)/ Ccorlt2. --t40"4-e241exSclin how Y am oppressed, not how I oppress other people. There LC(Th ostelAtitkowirtottfore, the war, the draft and tile c+ar university are political. rwb-VPirt. Kfs CA13)Women's Liberation is not. 411 cAtweVeN, 1,-it) L\ r ;L. %CCM "Man's accomplishments have always depended on getting help from other people, mostly women. What great man would have accom- plished what he did if he had to do his own housework? Meaning: Oppression is built into the system and I as the white male receive the benefits of this system. I don't want to give them up. POSTSCRIPT Participatory democracy begins at home. If you are planning to implement your politics there are certain things to remember. 1. He is feeling it more than you. He's Meaning; It's even more trivial to do. losing some leisure and you're gaining it. Housework is beneath my status. The measure of your oppression is his resi, My purpose in life is to deal with matters of significance. Yours is to deal with matters of i-significance. You should do the housework. 2. It is a traumatizing experience for someone who has always thought of himself as being against any .ppression or exploit, "In animal societies, wolves, for example, the top animal is usually a male even where he is not chosen for brute strength but on the basis of cunning and intelligence. Isn't that interesting?" Meaning; stance. I have historical, psychological, anthropological and biological justification for keeping you down. How can you ask the top wolf to be equal? "Women's Liberation isn't really a political ation of one human being by another to realize that in his daily life he has been accepting and implementing (and benefiting from) this exploitation; that his rational- ization is little different from that of the racist who says "Niggers don't feel pain" (woman don't mind doing the shitwork) and that the eldest form of oppression in history has been the oppression of 50 of the population by the other 50.. movement." Meaning: The Revolution is coming too close PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �women mustn't strain themselves in the presence of men---we haul around fifty 3. Arm yourself with some knowledge of pounds of groceries if we have to but the psychology of oppressed peoples every- where and a few facts about the animal kingdom. I admit playing top wolf or who runs the gorillas is silly but as a last resort men bring it up all the time. bees. Talk about aren't allowed to open a jar if there is someone around to do it for us. The reverse side of the coin is that men aren't supposed to be able to take care of themselves without a woman. Both are If you feel really hostile, bring excuse up the sex life of spiders. After sex, for making women do the house- work. 1.10,Ac she bites off his head. 11+ The psychology of oppressed peoples is not silly. \ro Blacks, women, and immi- grants have all employed the same psychological mechanisms to survive. Admiring the oppressor, glorifying the oppressor, wanting to be like the oppressor, wanting the oppressor to like them. 4. keep checking up. Periodically consider who's actually doing the jobs. These things have a way of backsliding so that a year later once again the woman is doing everything. Use timesheets if necessary. Also bear in mind what the worst jobs are, namely the ones that have to be done every day or several times a day. Also the ones that are dirty--it's more pleasant to pick up books, newspapers, etc., than to wash dishes. Alternate the bad jobs. It's the daily rigid grind that gets you down. Also make sure that you don't have the responsibility for the housework with 6. occasional help from him. "I'll cook dinner for you tonight" implies that it's really your job and isn't he a nice guy to Most men had a bachelor life during which they did not starve or become en- crusted with crud or buried under the litter. He won do the little things he always did becaus you're now a "Liberated Woman", right? 0 course, he won't do anything else either. do some of it for you. 5. /.4/// / t Beware of the double whammy. There is a taboo that says that I WAS JUST FINISHING THIS WHEN MY HUSBAND CAME IN AND ASAED WHAT I WAS DOING. WRITING A PAPER ON HOUSEWORK. HOUSEWORK? HE SAID. HOUSEWORK? god how trivial can you get. Oh my A PAPER ON PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor HOUSEWORK. �OPPORTUNITY FOR WHOM fa true story) A man offered me a job, said I would he trained to help others to learn to relax and rid them of bad habits - bio-feedback he called it. On Nov. 23, 1°74 I went to his place (of business?) and talked for two hours. In that time we bad two drinks. He said I should relax first and we would get into the training session afterwards. About ^ o'clock he anked me to sit in a comfortable chair and relax. He turned on a machine with a flashine light which was to make my eyes drowsy, and it did. His voice of to sounding hypnotic and he asked me to count from 20 to 0 about three different times in order for me to go deeper. Then he turned all the lights out and made comments likeyou like my voice...you will return to this place...nothing will stop you from returning...my voice is all you need to relax... Then he turned on purple lights (psychedelic) and asked me what type of music I liked and I said popular. He asked if I liked Country & Western, I said no, but he put on Country and Western music and asked me to listen to each wor of the song. I I would become more deeply involved in the song and should dance to the music with him. (The songs were sexy love sons by Jim Reeves.) The 2nd song was Welcome To My World" He said my body should respond to the words and I should relax and feel stimulated? He said :sy body felt good next to his and that he was being stimulated. I'd hed enough and I jumped beck and said 'already'. He said yes so I told him this wasn't for me and put my coat and shoes or. I ripped up the $10.00 cheque he gave me and left, in a hurry. He had told me that I would be paid for every session. I met one of the girls that he is helping to lose weight and she seemed completely fascinated by him and had nothing but praiSe for him. It is my opinion that he has hypnotised her and tried unsuccessfully to do the same to me. I am concerned that other women who feel they really need epecial attention and relaxation will be used by him. As far as I am concerned he wants a harem of women to show off in public because he told me that he likes to be seen with beautiful women. I also think he is sick. During our discussion he told me he thought that women should be used by men. To him it seems, we are objects, but as far as this liberated woman is concerned be can go to hell It's a crime that men like this roam this earth. I do believe he is dangerous, especially to a weak fragile mind. I told this story to women at the women's centre and reported him to the police. I wish there was more I could do to warn others of this fiend. - sometimes wonder bou're ihe right PDFCompressor PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISIONone for rne s8brniSSitica to - �WHAT'S A HOUSEWIFE WORTH???? One method of measuring the housewife's worth is by determining how much her various skills are worth on the open market. Even this is not an accurate judge because such jobs as cleaning have traditionally been low-status, low-paying jobs, while there is no real indication of the value of child care. The hourly value placed on thesejobs was largely determined by Canada Manpower officials. in large cities. These are not average but the going rate It's interesting to note that several studies have found that a housewife with two or more children works on the average of 11 hours a day, seven days a week, or 77 hours a week. Reprinted from CHATELAINE, October 1974 HEAVY CLEANING $15.40 a week A good cleaning lady who washes floors, windows, stoves and fridges Our housewives spent seven hours can expect about $2.20 an hour. a week performing these chores. LIGHT CLEANING $24.50 A housekeeper whose main job is to dust, make beds, do dishes and vacuum, makes about $1.75. Fourteen hours spread over seven days was the average for our participents. BOOkr.EEPER, HOME This category lumps together juggling family expenses, planning meals, finding receipes and shopping. Our housewives averaged four hours a week at this. A professional in any of these categories would be paid at the very least $3.50 an hour. ECONOMIST SHOPPER $14. COOX $35. LAUNDRY $4.50 BABY-SITTING $12.10 HANDYMAN $4.95 A cook in a medium-prices restaurant who manages short orders as Our well as more complicated meals can expect $2.50 an hour. housewives cooked about fourteen hours a week, including the odd gourmet meal. A skilled laundress makes about $1.80 an hour. Our housewives say they spend two and a half hours sorting, washing, drying and ironing. This is the period when housewives do nothing else but communicate with their children. This is the most valuable aspect of homemaking so the $1.10 an hour charged by professional babysitters isn't very realistic. But unless the housewife has a diploma in child care there's no other way of measuring it. The average amount of time per week was eleven hours. Our homemakers spend about three hours a week fixing the children's toys, putting out the garbage, repairing the eaves trough. The general handyman would get the minimum wage of $1.65. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �Taking Johnny to his hockey game or Mary to the dentist is one of the most time-consuming chores for the housewife. Economists tend to ignore this In our urban society job but there are men who earn a good wage at it. it's become a major chore. A part-time chauffeur makes about $3.50. Our homemakers spent a minimum of nine hours a week as a taxi service. CHAUFFEUR $31.50 Most women perform simple seamstress chores such as replacing buttons or Others make their own and children's clothes, saving patching jeans. a great deal of money. Our ladies averaged three hours a week. $1.80 is A fair wage for a working seamstress. SEAMSTRESS $5.40 PAINTING AND DECORATING 18.00 Painting and wallpapering, antiquing or upholstering furniture is part of the work week for many housewives. Ours averaged two hours a week. A nonunion painter won't enter your house for less than $4.00 an hour. 44- *`Luo1rt -a w' my foot - ve been living with One for years 1" PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �This category includes gardening, snow shovelling, leaf-raking and keeping the bird feeder full. Our housewives say they spend an average of five hours a week as groundkeeper, especially in spring and summer. Average wage for this type of work (not a professional) is $3.00. GROUNDKEEPIII $15.00 HOSTESS When a husband brings home business associates his wife acts as a hostess, serving drinks, cooking special meals. A hired maid makes about $2.25 an hour. Our housewives said they worked two hours a week extra entertaining. $4.50 TOTAL $174.85 ArS w USEWIFE WORTH' The journey to one's self is short & long easy & difficult up & down this way & that way joyful & painful conscious & unconscious valid & absurd alone & together achieved & never achieved --all; some & none of the above Darlene. /1-21,- 41.41 toe.ck P, lds ticAK tncz-ixtetst lids arheievkis bon citiwes, eocr Stricile g1(.1 meitkoeiihd IcateaNt ,hte he00 Eh of) Ied f\Q "NO WOMAN CAN CALL HERSELF FREE WHO DOES NOT OWN AND CONTROL HER BODY. NO WOMAN CAN CALL HERSELF FREE UNTIL SHE CAN CHOOSE CONSCIOUSLY WHETHER SHE WILL OR WILL NOT BE A MOTHER." Margaret Sanger, birth control pioneer and feminist, 1920 N leCoIrtteue.1%ifb4-44 Vhle. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �THE PRICE OF PROSPERITY My name's unimportant only these hands For six days a week they work 10 hours from 8-6 and on the 7th they slave 12 These blistered hands which have fed my family since my 15th birthday My family now so many nights removed from me Oh how I wish I was back home in my kompong playing with my sisters and brothers under the mangroves But here I am and here I must stay in this cramped room--a prisoner between shifts with eleven others my sister wonders whose names like mine are unimportant The Prime Minister says the industry is booming Newspapers say it's one of the richest countries in the world If my sisters and I go on strike they will chuck us into prison then what will our families dol What can I do My name is unimportant I am one of many I sweat blood in a factory in Harry's Sunny Singapore reprinted from D.E.Centre files STICE? People say my American boss drinks champagne for breakfast I do not know what that is All I know is the price of rice has doubled since I came here - a coffee and a sandwhich in the city cost me a days wages That can I do If I ask for more pay they will say I am a trouble-maker take away my work permit and send me home 14-"14.5%.i\?tChroe-vesCON'f,tilk CptA,Jc C..,.\\11k 1%:'/41- t-% riN VVV..A rr\OL, C'N:4e ,r\ CTI ;` e.. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �Oct. 10, 1974 Don Colborne (lawyer) spdeker the rape of Cecelia 2ig -Jeorge of Lenora sut,;ect:Rape, particularily Oct. 17, Father Bullefantispeal;er,subjecnesty International. Anyone interested in a membership contac'c him at 623-2779 Oct. 24, Mary Lou Kufr,nok and Susan Sbleinhopi. from Early Childhood Education Course. Subject:our suppor,; in opposi_rg the new Day Care legi3lation or-ing brought forwr-iri by Margaret Birch Oct. 31, Group discussion Nov. 7 Diane Begg (lawyer )- subject. Internationomn's Year. Diane atte ded the Ottawa conference as a rep"festative of N.W.C. Nov. 14 - Discussion and planning of the workshop to be held at the centre on Nov. 23, 1974 Nov. 21 - Film "Growing Up Female". Courtesy of Ruth Cunningham Nov. 28 - Meet the candidates, held at the Labor Centre Pee. 5 - Discussion on some topic3 from bonnie Kreps Women's Movement in Canada" book "Guide to the Jaqui Beauregard led a discussion on the the ideas behin,3 consciousnc;ss raising groups Dec. Wolaen's Centre meant to Der. 19- General discussion on what the those In attsndane. Thursde.12211111:122_117 L ER DATES TO Women's Centre Meetings (General) Genera, neeting on: Women !.11 Cuban Society * When: Every Thurs. 8 P.M. * there: 2nd Floor, Fort Wm YMCA (Ever woman welco omen s en re ee Georgina Garrett, speaker Time: 8 pm Place: Northern Women's Centre ng 132 N. :A,rchibald St. * When Every Mon. 8 P.M. * Where Same location Wt0.1 1AM, Sh5- pa- Co4t4D-CARL-NEEDs Kra. Come out to the first General Meeting of International Iomen's Year If you want to be in a consciousness raising g2oup that will be starting early In the new year, r)(-)ne the Women's 7entre, what nisilt would and leave your name, phone number, anrl tell us be best for you a t. the Northern There will be no meetings held in the evenings January 2, he first meeting of the Women's Centre now ;yr e a Tr FOR ANY OTHER INFORMATION ON WRATS HAPPENING PHONE THE CENTRE or if you need a 623-3107 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor ride or child care (22-V___a_.01. �The second class status of women in the work force is not an accident, but As seen by the survey the highest concentration of women is in clerical rather an integral functioning of our and service and recreation fields. economy. 55% A large "cheap labour pool" of all the women in the work force labour is necessary to ensure continued high within these two catagories. These profits through low labour co ts. occupations are in the non-industralia ed, The employment grouping of women are as follows: (from a 1970 gov't statistics survey) non-mechani sector in which wages are a major operating cost. Therefore it is essential to the insurance companies, banks, hospitals, department stores, the 1970 Employment groupings for women Managerial Professional and Technical 3.9% 17.5% 32.2% 8.3% 22.6% 1.6% 2.50 Farming Craftsmen & related 10.5% Labourers (unskilled) .9% Clerical Sales Services and Rec. Communications 100.04 civi service and city hall to have a large pool of cheap labour available when needed. We are it. When labour power is scarce, women become defined as an important part of the work force, as was in early industrializat.-ion and war times.. Each war has brought women into the economy in different and new capacities eg. the Civil War in the US saw women start working as sales personnel in stores at exploitive wages (over one hundred years has past and we still labour Ply at exploitive and minimum wage rates in these positions). In the Second World War women took over the industrial sector only to be turfed out at war's end and told the home is the right and natural place for women's labour. When women are not needed in the work It, force the "naturalness" of our position in the home emphasized and exalted and 1;:e-A Col PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �constantly reinforced. through many aspects in society...the media - TV, magazines or , through psychology and science which det- ermines our natural place and how best to function within it such as with the Dr. Spock phenomenon in the early post war 50's. However, it is becoming increasingly necessary that large numbers of women must move into the work force. In fact one third of the total Canadian workforce is women - this cannot be conceived any more in terms of women deciding to go toNork out of boredom or as casual labour as the Canadian media would have us believe. Women are a real growing and itally im- portant part of the work force. The public inflation, rising costs of food, re t, and private sectors need women and obviously water etc. and a desire to live in relati women need to work (or they wouldn't work comfort, many a man's wage can no longer so hard for so little). As was outlined in a previous section on the n clear family within the family the man's wage alto pays for the socially necessary work performed by the woman in the home (ie. unpaid sustain a family as it desires. Theref. the woman must sell her labour pow work force. t'Jo As of 1971, 60% of all wor- ing women were married. Working wom-i-i receive much lower wages than working -;-, on the average, often. for performing the sane tasks as many of us know. A woman worker receives approximately the wages that a. man receives. T is means that the businesses and corporations responsibletfc7- the structuring of wage scales and the economy (ie. those to whom we sell our ia 'power) receive in total three workers for the housework). Therefore the economy gets , .ce of one and one half salaries (man, woman and woman in home). This is r,it two workers for the price of one, -- the discrimination but direct and undisr' man's paid labour in the work force and the exploitation of woman and her labour. woman's unpaid, but socially necessary, Three for the price of one and one half is work within the home. However, because of the same ratio as two for the price of one - therefore, in order to make ends meet than. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �1 accustomed lifestyle, a family needs 11 . powerless and see our failure as individual, salaries where they previously existed on (From Women Unite) one. porations naturally try to prevent this And "By Gosh The Price Is Right" for those controlling wages and industry4 This phenomonon places a very heavy The employers and cor- group consciousness from rising. As of 1967, only 17% of the women working were double burden on the woman who must perform in labour unions, the traditional defense her usual household tasks as well as hold of the working class. down her job, and both to the satisfaction ributed to many factors. This can be att- Women tend to re- gard their work in the clerical area as un- of her family and boss respectively. Working women are both oppressed as women and exploited as workers. It is overwhelming to begin to imagine the struggle confronting women who are heads of single parent families -- i the wage for twice as much work. How is this exploitation maintained -' why do women accept their roles and wages in the work. place and why is it difficult to break out of this present oppressive structure? important and trivial, feeling that their work as typists, operators etc. is peripheral to the more important functions within the corporations. This is reinforced by their positions in the home. As women see their true and correct place to be in the home they therefore don't necessarily deserve good paying and interesting jobs. Organization of work is poorly structured and overly cratic so that much irvi^'' C.CA Unfortunately women don't tend AS LONG AS WOMEN ARE ENGAGED IN HOUSEWORK THEIR POSITION IS STILL said earlier as a pool of cheap labour,. A RESTRICTED ONE. IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THE COMPLETE FMANCII-ATION whereas employers certainly do. Women OF WOMEN AND TO MAKE THEM REALLY accept lousy pay office rules, about clothes EQUAL WITH MEN, WE MUST HAVE SOCI ECONOMY, AND THE PARTICIPATION and a compliment instead of a raise, not OF WOMEN IN GENERAL PRODUCTIVE because we are stupid but because we are LABOR. THEN WOMEN WILL OCCUPY THE SAME POSITION MEN. PDFCompressor PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy ofAS CVISION Lenin to see themselves as a group or as it was �20 does seem tedious - work only for work's ally this has always caused hostility on the part of male workers and reinforces sake. There has been historically and gen- all sexist attitudes. These divisions be- erally remains a relu tance on the part of tween men and women in the work force are male union types to involve women in played up and played upon by the employer. unions and centre some demands on women who play men and women off against one issues such as equal pay and day care. another. Historically as well, because of the divide male and female workers and make their interests seem uncommon. unique position within the family and At this point in time, unions, no society women entering the work force accepti Sexism has always been used to lower pay and wages would only matter how ineffective they have proven in eventually drive down the wages and con- the past in terms of protecting women are ditions for which they had been struggling imperative in order that women better to better. Jobs which women accepted soon became known as poor work, unimportant, in reality shit-work unfit for men. In their position within the workplace and consequently the home. A desire to organ- ize the service sector employees into a turn when women were told repeatedly their commercial and technical union (ACTE) was work was unimportant they believed this to launched last year through the CLC be true for the working woman. recently it was announced that up to i of CUPE's membership are women. Issues which can be fought from a union base have far reaching effects into the home. A concerted effort on the part of organized labour to press for better and more day care facilities could only relieve the pressures women feel in the home if their demand were met. Enforcement of equal pay legislation can only elevate the status of women within the family give a better sense of security. Only through collective action with other women and those progressive and open minded men who see the importance of In the early industrial period many pursuing women's issues and fighting for unions such as the International Typo- them can we Struggle to overcome not only graphical Union in the USA instituted job the physical day to day oppression of classifications in order to keep women out being powerless but the psychological of certain fields and thereby protect the oppression which rests upon it as well. Women historically job standard.OCR, PDF compression, webhave optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor been employed as strikebreakers and natur- �WHAT ARE WOMEN'S STUDIES? They investigate women and their relationships with their families, society, and their country. They try to ferret what their general situation has been, is, why it is, what it is, and what alternatives there are. The courses are not meant only for women -- the feeling is that all students, men, women and mature students can broaden their view of humanity by taking them. OPEN HOUSE - January 9, 1975 7:00 - 10.00 p.m. Dining Room Conference Room CONFEDERATION COLLEGE WOMEN AND FILM -- An interesting collection of films made from around the world. Classes will feature lectures and discussions about the influence of women on film-making, Art and Industry. Films, lots of them--long, short, documentary and animated- are part of the course. All of the films are interesting, but doubly interesting because they were make by women. WOMEN AND FILM not only offers prize-winning international cinema, but a chance to take a new look at the Movies. SCHEDULED FILMS: Jan. 14 DANCE GIRL DANCE starring Lucille Ball directed by Dorothy Arzner Jan. 21 THE ADVENTURES OF PRINCE ACHMET directed and animated by Lotte Reiniger THE ART OF LOTTE REINIGER OLYMPIA DIVING SEQUENCE from 1936 Olympics directed by Leni Riefenstahl Jan. 28 LE BONHEUR directed by Agnes Varda AbEL GANCE HIER ET DEMAIN directed by Nelly Kaplan ; Feb. GERTRUDE STEIN: WHEN THIS YOU SEE REMEMBER ME directed by Perry Miller Adato HOW THE HELL ARE YOU? animated and directed by Veroni Soul Lavender Feb. 11 A SCARY TIME directed by Shirley Clarke THE COOL WORLD directed by Shirley Clarke Feb. 18 LEGAULT'S PLACE directed by Susanne Angel. WOO WOO? MAY WILSON directed by Bonnie reps Gore ROAD directed by Sarah Raxlen Feb. 25 THE GIRLS directed by Mai Zetterling Mar. 4 THE GIRLS OF MOUNTAIN STREET directed By Susan Gibbard BEAUTY KNOWS NO PAIN BETTY TELLS HER STORY directed by Liane Brandon 4 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �MAR. 11-LA_VIE REVEE directed by Mireille Dansereau CYCLE directed by Suzanne Gernais. (animation night) Mar. 18 TRICYCLE directed by Joyce Borenstein CIRCLES 1 directed by Doris Chase EGIGMA directed by Lilliane Schwartz UFO'S directed by Lilliane Schwartz THE CRUISE directed by John and Faith Hubley OPENING / CLOSING directed by Kathleen Laughlin THE LITTLE MEN OF CHROMAGNON directed by Francine Desbiens PARADISE LOST directed by Evelyn Lambart THE HOARDER directed by Evelyn Lambart Mar. 25 A VERY CURIOUS GIRL directed by Nelly Kaplan April 1 JOURNALS OF SUSANNA MOODIE directed by Marie Waisberg BRIDAL SHOWER directed by Sandy Wilson ORANGE directed by Karen Johnson LOONS NECKLACE directed by Judith Crawley WOMEN IN HISTORY - 'TER STORY" Wednesday Jan. 15 - April 2 Instructor: Jeanette Johnson Time 7:00 - 10:00 p.m. (for further Information Contact Ruth Cunningham, Director Women's Programs Local 278-577-5751). Stendhal wrote in the nineteenth century that "All the geniuses who are burn women are lost to the public good". This was less true at the end of that centure than at its beginning. The Queen of England might disapprove of the wcomen's suffrage movement but its success was inevitable. What were the socia14 political and economic circumstances which br,:A,ght this Who were those female pioneers in England and Canada about? who led the struggle for the vote, for education, for social and legal emancipation? What had been the traditional role of women in society and why? And how did it happen. that women in some areas, such as Quebec, had to wait so long before it changeC It is an exciting story and one which not only provides b-cter understanding of the women's movement in the twentieth century, but some real contact with women in history who have been for the most of us, little more than names squeezed in between the kings and the soldiers. The course will trace the role of women in western society from Eve up through to the reforming Pankhursts in Britain and Nellie McClung in Canada. And if you have a special area of interest, or some favorite personalities you would like to study in more detail, there are suggestion and book lists set up for this, as well as time set aside in class for study and discussion. The final lectures will concentrate exclusively on the history of Jeanette Johnson women in Canada. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �t S AND WOMEN'S LIT LEAMEELETLIELLEMEELLIDEFIEUE DOES ;UPPORTERS PUT-DOWN HOUSEWIVES. =RATION MEAN ALL WIVES MUST WORK? hamen's liberation supporters know ;hat all women now work. In fact, =eh of the hard, tiring, and responable work is done by women. They lork in offices, hospitals, schoolai ractories, on farms and in homes. Ithout their work, the economy would Stand still. 42% of women in 1973 earned wages for their labour, low and discriminatory wages. Most of the other women worked equally hard as unpaid labourers in the home. Women's liberation supporters believe that all persons are entitld to satisfying and creative work. This is an indispensible condition of a just Everyone deserves financial society. independence and social rewards for that labour. And that includes the housewife. Far from putting down the housewife, we believe that the job of raising children is difficult, time-consuming, and important work. So important that it should be freely chosen and not just assigned to those with blue eyes or red hair or one particular sex. We would like to see alternative ways of raising kids, in day care centres, or with greater participation of men, or in communal settings. Women's liberation does not have a It isn't blue-print for the future. trying to create a society where some characteristic like age, sex or race determines your occupation or income. 2) NOT ALL WOMEN WANT DAY CARE FOR TH CHILDREN, SO WHY SHOULD TAX MONEY BE USED TO PAY FOR THOSE PEOPLE WHO WANT DAY CARE? That question used to be asked about public school education, and the answer is the same now as it was in 1916. The children of Canada are the responsibiltr of all of us. And we must share in the education and development of our future citizens. Good child care facilities help a child grow and develop, both socially and emotionally. We recognize that today some families feel their children are better off not being in the existing centres, and in some cases that is true. But we believe they must be available to all families who wish to use them, and we hope in the future that even better facilities will be available. Without universal free care, one parent, usually the mother, is forced to remain at home continuously with her small children. As the Royal Commission on the Status of Women stated, ''the equality of women means little without a day care program." We are also concerned with day care workers. The workers that care for our children must like their jobs, must receive adequate pay and hours ar'ork. They usually don't get the conditions of work or income they deserve. Agaiit is a case of an almost exclusively female occupation being used as cheap Parents must demand more, all labour. of us must demand more, it's the lives of our children that are at stake. Co,, We very simply want all people to be able to develop their potential without coercion, to see a wide range of alternatives, to hire the freedom to choose among these. We want all people to have a full satisfying life and to do that which is most fulfilling and of greatest benefit to humankind. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �f al, IF WOMEN'S LIBERATION. IS REALLY CONCERNED WITH THE WELFARE OF ALL PEOPLE, IT SEEMS TO ME THAT IN THIS TIME OF HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, WOMEN SHOULD BE DISCOURAGED FROM TAKING JOBS? DO YOU AGREE? First, Women's The answer Is NO. liberation believes that all people And it is are entitled to jobs. clearly not workers, but business and government which have created unemployment. Why should women always he the first to suffer from the decisions of a few high-placed men. Lecendly, in times of unemployment, jobs should go to those people most in need of them. But we have never given jobs or paid wages on the basis of need. And if we did, most of the neen now employed would remain employed, because a wage-job is essential to their survival and that of their dependents. And in the case of two persons in a fimily both receiving decent wages (which is rare) why should the woman have to resign her job? ;hy not the person least interested in a job outside the home, or the one best qualified to perforr hetesework and child care. Thirdly, women's employment is usually not relevant to men's employmentthey do not as a rule, compete in the same labour maricet. Women have been taLrht to aspire to certain occupations: teaching, nursing, secretarial work, waitresses. Men have been taught to avoid such work. Quitting e job as a hairdresser does not create a new job for a steelworker. The women's movement does not support this division of labour--it believes 'eople should do jobs that interest them, that they are capable of and skilled in and women's liberation doesn't believe that such utopian ideas can be implemented until we create a system where the public's needs are given priority over private pre fit. 4) WHY DOES TH OMEN'S OVE EN T 1 and rightfully theirs, makes them pcinfully aware of the discrimination they suffer as women. A few figures tell the story. In October 1969 the hourly wage of a male general bakery helper was $2.35, for a female $1.69; a main sewing machine operator earned $2.61, a The latest figures female $1.56. show the enormity of this gap. In 1972 the average male income in Canada was $7,647--for women it was ee For those who argue, however wrongheadedly, that men are paid more because they are the bread-winners the facts show that in 1972 the average income for male heads of Camilles was :O_C,729 and for female heads of 1E:Anil:Lee $4,696. Thil differential enables employers to rake in superprofits in spite of the Equal Pay Act which entitles women tc equal pay for work that is "identical or substantially identiee: Now do employers get away with this Tney may require the male worker on the same job to do some heavy lifting, or introduce some slight change in his job which puts it Int;' a higher wage category. Or sometiele; a similar job is given a different name-, enabling the mole orderly or steward to earn more than the female mursing assistant or hostees. Often they don't bother it these ploys. Remember the recent k. program which showed a male applion for an accounting job being offer substantially more than the female applicant who was in fact he same person wearing a wig and women's clothes. In sales occupations Canadian women earn an average annual income of $2,292 compared to $6,096 for men. 5) 1..a'AIOS-frULIENEM1'1°Y MENIAL, LOW-PAID AND DEAD-END OCCUPATIONS? OR DO THESE BECOME MENIAL, LOW-PAID AND DEAD-END BECAUSE THEY EMPLOY WOMEN? if PC CU Whatever the case, whether secretary, The fact that women workers are litertelephone operator, store clerk, cheated out of thousands or dollar ally cheated waitress, or teacher, the women dollars in wages and workerevaluation is likely remain PDFCompressor PDF compression, OCR, websalaries optimizationlegally using a watermarked copyto of CVISION Caro �below her level of competence with little or no opportunity for advanceWomen's Iligher level of edment. ucation is not reflected in her earnings; the average earnings for women university graduates are less than those for males with a high school education. Because they were deprived of rights for centuries, women have represented a source of cheap labour. To satisfy the need of the economy, they have been pressured in and out of the labour force. For instance during the war they were encouraged to take "men's jobs," and afterwards forced back into traditional female occupations. The needs of their families compel them to move in and out of the They have been brought labour force. up to believe they have no right to work and their place is in the home. Unions, male-led and oriented, have paid little attention to the organisation, and special problems of women workers. Employers feel confident that women in service occupations, store clerks, waitresses, etc. are easy to replace. Yet women are an integral part of the labor force; of all which now includes about and 47:, single women aged 25 to of all married women aged 20 to 24. And women, the fastest growing sector of tlee labor force, are beginning to epelk up and demand action. Last year they filed moet of the complaints brought to the Human Rights Commission. If you feel you are being discriminated against in any way because you are a woman call the Human Rights Commission at 3i -6712 or write to apartment of the Women's Lurcau, Labour 400 University Aire., Toronto Right Commission and by women everyYet nothing changes. where. Teachers are people who have grown up in this system, and learned its prejudices end biases, and unconsciously pass these on to the Girls in schools often students. stand in separate lines, have different physical education, guidance classes and clean-up rooms. Girls learn to be helpful, passive, submissisre and obedient. (Imagine your anger if you saw native kids being forced to play in one part of the playground, while layed in another. the white kids Why not the same' anger about the separation of your daughters and sons.) Our society doesn't control our choices as much as it controls our motivations and aspiraticne. In an excellent article called "Bread and Roses,", by Kathy McAfee and Myrna_ Wood they try to explain the domination of women's groups by "The women who middle class women. benefit from education and relative equality can see the contradicfltr between its (Canada's) rhetoric (every girl can be prime minister) and their actual place in that The working class woman society. might believe that education could have made her financially independIn fact, because she has been ent. allowed to progress halfway on the upward mobility ladder she can see the similarity between her oppression and that of other sections of the population. Beceuse tIsey have pushed the democratic myths to its limits, they know concretely bow it limits them." Ontario. (e) Ni rep R EDUCA ION THEY WOULD GET MORE E(OALITY From WomAn's Liberation Monthly Newsletter - December 1973 Winnipeg Women's Liberation. However cne must look clearly at the education we receive Our textbooks arc in our schools. fu]l of sexist ideology, women in the kitchen, men at their jobs. This sex stereotyping in books has been documented again and again, by the Royal Commission, the Ontario Human Perhaps. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �Throughout, the tone is one long whine. Sure men are exploiters, snivels Fast, but doesn't Nature command them to pair bond, to defend their territories, to be agressive, to prerer tne company or men to women. Perhaps Julius Fast: THE INCOMPATIBILITY OF MEN AND WOMEN AND HOW TO OVERCOME IT Books on sex are good sellers. But now, since Women's Liberation, so are books on male-female relationships. Everybody is rushing into the market and here is the author of Body Language, Julius Fast, with "The Incompatibility of Men and Women and How to Overcome It." Mixing psuedo-psychology, psuedo-sociology, psuedo anthropology and no economics whatever he tries to prove that men and women He sets are inately incompatible. He fails. up as examples all kinds of stock characters; the hen-pecked husband, the domineering mom, the ambitious executive, they're all there, and proceeds to draw lessons from them. It's like trying to learn about life from t,v. situation comedies. To Fast the male has "always been a predatory animal", a "predator with a brain". He admits that animals And women love it. operate from instinct but that doesn't prevent him rummaging around the animal Kingdom choosing a species here, a species there to illustrate the inate nature of human beings. Thus ants enslave ants , male baboons pair bond, tropical fish attack their own kind. Like people who try to prove their point with quotes from the ekble, you can always find something to cinch the argument pro or we overdo it, he pleads, but it's sure tough to be a man. It's interesting to see biological determinism, so long used to keep women in their place, used to justify male chauvinism. But finally the weakness in this book and many such is its lack of economic analysis. The different economic positions women and men hold in our society is central to any discussion of male-female relationships. Joan Bari? con. The interesting thing about this book is that at the beginning you start to believe that it is slightly pro-woman. Fast states women's liberation positions but Michael Korda: MALE CHAUVINISM never argues them directly, just asks questions.tp women really want their husbands to (paperback) Berkley Publishing Corp. do housework? If men and women are incompatible shouldn't they seek their own roles? This is a schizophrenic book exciting and insightful; it nevertheless has strong If a woman does a male job is "she achigving faults. the fullest expression of her own capacities And so on. Korda a New York film critic and and attributes?" columnist, is mainly writing about the Yet to give the book its due, it contains a full statement of how men fear and business world and the pressures on women who try to succeed in this world. Rather hate women.Fast seems to regard this as a remote fromThunder Bay, one might say, fact, regrettable but impossible to change. yet I have seen the same mechanisms he -I found it fascinating. In Thunder Bay, it's describes used in our own educational, difficult to find a man who will admit that government and copy business institutions. male chauvinism even exists, much less give PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation of CVISION PDFCompressor Male chauvinism seems to operate cohtin-you any information on the subject. , �Worse, though, is the book's elitism. Korda dislikes the elitist nature of large scale business, he knows so well and describes how women are as guilty as men in his account of how female researchers at Time magazine banded together to force management to give them a chance at advancement at the expense of the secretarYet basically he sees the elitist ies. nature of the business world as a regrettable fact. Which brings up the ageThus. If, in our present old question. society, business,* government and almost all large scale organizations are elitist heirarchial, competitive and alienating, why should women seek to "succeed" in Should we wait and work for society them? to fundamentally change first? And what should we do while we are waiting? stay home? Accept our traditional place in the cheap labour pool? And if we accept that women should seek a place at the "top" how can we remind them that there is someone else at the "bottom" and how can we convince both men and women that the power that (sometimes but not always) accompanies "high-level" positions should meet the needs of people and in fact should Korda neverreside concerns with these fundamentally withhimself the people. questions but it would be interesting to hear the ideas of the readers of this news- A Manpower Ad "Young men with Grade 12 commercial training are invited to register with Mrs. Capbell. The receptionist will arrange an appointment." Advertised on the Job Bulletin Board at the Thunder Bay South Manpower office, found November 29, 1974. STATUS of woakin9 wornem letter. Yet the book's emphasis on economics is its strength and a realistic balance to all those who want to deal with the subject of women only in psychological or sexual And it is the clearest most complete terms. statement on male chauvisism so far. Xorda believes male chauvisism is a desire for control and he spells it out from A to Z. Books, the etiquette experts tell us, are the most tasteful of gifts and here is just the one to send to your male friehds and relatives this' Christmas. But first of course, READ IT YOURSELF. Joan Baril The experience of women in the labour force reflects the nature of their secondary status: they are marginal to the productive system and are discriminated against on a sex basis. It is structurally impossible for this system to provide work for all. The myth is that women do not play an important role in pro duetion and that when women work their jobs are temporary. ?/omen are considered incapable of performing jobs that are strenuous or require "executive ability". In fact, almost a third of the work fore is women, and continuing to rise. And when there are insufficient numbers of men to full the market need, (as in World War 11) women are drawn into the labour force in large numbers in jobs that are ie,lually con- sidered the province of men. We see that happening in the mining industry at the present time. co,4,01 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �The real class position of women is again emphasized by the fact that many university trained women can find no other work than clerical: the first question that they are asked is "can you type?". '1-kztse.iwf% 4Q...scksrez,*Atcis.? Women who work in "blue-collar" jobs are concentrated in industry where the rate of profit and therefore wages is low. The plants are often small, and the goods produced are often usually not essential to maintain production in other industry, i.e. consumer goods. Such plants are therefore hard to organize; it is easy to replace worders with scabs, (Dare Cookie Strike) management can hold out for long periods of time, and because of the low capital investment involvet the plant can remain inoperative or move to another location where labour is cheaper. Only 17% of women who work in industry belong to unions. When theydo, they often find even if most of the workers are women the union is run by men who are unresponsive to their needs, and who continue to negotiate contracts that do not give equal pay for work of eqUal value to women. Certain areas of work and professions have traditionally been reserved for women When we examine them (niassing accounts for one third of women professionals, teaching 50%, the balance as social workers, dieticians, medical and dental technitions, librarians etc.) two facts become clear. First, these are industrializations of women's traditional role in the family, and secondly, these are all jobs which were originally low status and sometimes working class, and have only recently be come recongized as professional. Even in these professions, women have secondary status while men increasingly fill administrative and supervisory positions. Qualifications rise and salaries and the percentage of women in these jobs decreases and women have experience of being passed over in the search, for jobs in favour of men with equal or lower qualifications. This is particularily true of teaching. The status of dieticians is a good example of how the society does not recognize the work of women as equal to that done by r even though it has the same content. Food science students at universities take courses comparable to those in bio-chemisty but the average wage of dieticians is half that of a chemist employed in industry. Coat White collar and clerical jobs absorb the largest number of working women. Again very few women a e unionized, and they are encouraged to see themselves as somehow superior to factory workers. There are special constraints on these workers; secretaries and receptionists are expected to be attractive and pleasant as well as efficient at their jobs. Their "uniforms" are paid for out of their paychecks. They often serve a role not unlike that of a wife to "tensionmanage" for her boss, serve the coffee, _flirt with the customers, and even sometimes to work overtime for no extra pay. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �There are fewer jobs for women than women who wish jobs. Because many of the jobs held by women require little specific on the job training industry can profitably sustain a high turnover rate and does not need to provide those services and benefits which would in fact make employ- IIF YOU THINK WEVE COME A LONG WAY =HOW ABOUT THE 45 YEAR OLD WOMAN WITH NINE CHILDREN WHO APPROACHED HER DOCTOR FOR A TUBAL LIGATION ;AND WAS REFUSED BECAUSE HER HUSBAND WOULD NOT SIGN THE CONSENTING PA PEPS Master-Servant an equal opportunity for women. Few jobs provide security_ when women are Lack of maternity 'pregnant they leave. benefits means women have no assurance that their jobs will be available when they need them, and they lose security rights, Neither the'state nor the employer provides day care. Women with children face the choice of expensive private daycare centres whose cost is not deductible from their taxable incomes, or leaving their children with a friend or woman who "looks after" children in her home. In this case, the tax is not just financial. The psycholigical tolls of guilt, worry that the child is improperly cared for and strictures against being an unfit mother are harsh. There are thousands of women who are heads of families. any of these are forced to accept the degradation of the welfare system because clothes, carfare and day-care take most of their small paychecks. Any women who works must perform two jobs: that which constitutes her employment, and all the housework and most of the child-care which constitutes production within the home. 4******************* WOMEN'S BUREAU._ CANADA DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR CELEBRATED ITS 20th ANNIVERSARY., Sept. 7,1974 Marion ROyce 73 and still active, was the first director. Today Ms Royce still transmits her interest in the situation of women at work, and her concern for women and girls who are still going into traditional female occupations. "WE CANT'T GIVE UP". "This is one problem that we just cant give up on. I don't think people should be pushed into one thing or another but the the economic emancipation of women is really most important." "There is also a kind of freedom that goes beyond economic emancipation and what I wish most for women more than anything else is that we can move out of our narrow outlook and face other issues, give leadership in other areas. This kind of emancipation will happen when women feel more secure as individuals. Then they can go beyond themselves", PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �LETTERS November 2/74 For all those responsible for 'The Northern Woman' Thank you for a newsletter that's becoming better every issue. Although I don't always agree with everything, its good to know that women are honestly and usually painfully struggling to discover what's real in human existence, And we need a paper to communicate these struggles or it's all rather incestuous and useless! Thank you. C. Kouhi. To the Editor: Re: Abortion Controversy In my opinion, it is a relatively painless task for male "pro-life" advocates to moralize about the evils of abortion, while resting in the warmth and security of philosophical armchairs-and all the more so--when they simultaneously uphold and practice the somewhat outdated, yet still popular belief that the nurturing and rearing of children is the responsibility of women in our society (commonly known as woman's work). Contemporary records of court cases dealing with paternal desertion and certain sociological studies on the disintegration of the family tend to confirm the prevalence of this notion, as well as point to some of its serious ill-effects upon the socio-economic organization of the family. But in the light of these facts, very little, if any mention., is made by "pro-life" advocates (both male and female) of the future "social" life of the unborn fetus. Certainly, social environment, aside from that of the uterine environment, must be considered as an equally essential component of the sustenance of human life. The question of abortion, if it is to have a sound basis of discussion, must be transferred from the vague realm of metaphysics to the "real" world of human activity. Furthermore, not until men begin to accept some basic responsibilities (aside from the traditional provision of financial support) in the rearing of children, should they have any say whatsoever, concerning the abortion question. But the decision as to whether or not to abort must always, and rightfully so belong to women in society. In my opi.: this point requires no further elaboration. Brenda Colborne Argus October 30, 1974 "IF A WOMAN GROWS WEARY AND AT LAST DIES FROM CHILDBEARING IT MATTERS NOT. LET HER DIE FROM BEARING SHE IS THERE TO DO IT," Otto Lan ? Wron Martin Luther PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �December/74 .31. Dear Sisters :- women's issue from equal-pay-for-equalUp until now your newsletter has dealt with every All of these struggles and issues deal with very real work to rape to abortion-on-demand. The one issue which, in a year of problems of women fighting the male establishment. Lesbianism. publication of the Northern Woman, hasn't been discussed at all.is for all women. It also means Women's Liberation means freedom for all women, equality self-determination. In Thunder bodies and therefore, sexual striving for control of our own (align themselves with the Women's Bay there is a sizeable gay population who refuse to The Centre because they feel it is too dominated by men. Movement or the Northern Women's been and are totally Northern Women's Centre and the Northern Woman Newsletter have There are other alternatives. orientated towards working out man/woman relationships. dealt with was when a gay woman was invited The only time it was Lesbianism is one of them. The turn-out from my understanding was very to speak at a meeting of the Women's Centre. of the meetings which drew a very large attendance. large. In fact, it was apparently one people present to hear about Lesbianiam One wonders the reason for this - were all these information to a lot of myths; were they there to investigate and. to get some factual they there, out of sen"sisterhood" and see if they had any gay tendancies; or were (step right up, folks!)? Whatever the sationalism, to see and hear a real live Lesbian and the woman who spoke at that meeting, reason, Lesbianism hasn't been brought up since her sisters for real liberation from instead of returning to Women's Centre to work with Liberation meetings at the sex-stereotyped roles, had to turn to (male-dominated) Gay they could no Thunder Bay has since been dropped as university. The Gay Lib movement in used to hang around. the door to try longer contend with the people at the University who What is her alternative now? The only place in Thunder to get in and see "those queers". consistently being hassled by straight Bay for gay people to meet is a bar which is people looking for a fight--or a sideshow. Northern Women's Centre can start working Surely, in women's struggle for equality, the burden in this male-dominated society- with and for Lesbians who happen to hold a double Bay Don't pretend Lesbianism doesn't exist in Thunder one of women who love other women. the Give your gay sisters a chance to come out of and the Northern Women's Centre. involved in the dayWhen a woman isn't always closet --let them know you support them. to devote she has a lot more energy to-day power struggle of working and living with men to the Movement--Support her! A (Lesbian) sister. Dear Sister :- We agree with you that much much more Your letter was welcomed at the Women's Centre. Our newsletter does deal with many could be done in terms of supporting our gay sisters. problems do relate to male/female problems that relate to women and, yes, many of those problems directly relate to relationships BUT most important we realize that those same forced to live under. In other words the type of system in which both man and women are oppression. I do not agree man's oppression of woman is simply a symptom of people's by men coley because some women are struggling that the Women's Centre is too dominated. Not all women find their to come to terms and improve their woman/man relationships. There are many many women who do not desire to solutions in women /woman relationships. seeking to make them more separate themselves from their man/woman relationships and are PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �32loving and understanding. Sisterhood must go together with Brotherhood if we ever hope to achieve the type of society based on true equality which we are striving for. If this does not happen then we are simply perpetuating a 'Male Sex-role approach' that is, excluding the other half of the population just as men have done to women for so very very long. 'Real Liberation' means to me much more than loving other women sexually, as you implied. We do not agree with the fact that women may have come to hear our lesbian sister for 'sensationalism'. Women came with a sincere need to now more about lesbianism in an effort to bring about a deeper understanding and feeling of true sisterhood. The woman who spoke that evening on lesbianism was welcomed and loved by the women present. All the women left with a much deeper understanding and feeling of true sisterhood. The women left with a much deeper understanding of what it means to be a. gay woman and a feeling of warmth and acceptance of pay sisters dominated. the evening. If that did. not come across to our gay sister that evening then we are truly sorry. If the Northern Women's Centre is not meeting the needs of our gay sisters that is only because we need your help. We certainly are not pretending that lesbianism does not exist in Thunder Bay or the Northern Women's Centre but we are not able to support nameless people. You signed your letter a (Lesbian)Sister...well, who are you? If you want the Women's Centre to help our gay sisters to come out of the closet you, at the same time, have to give us something to work with. That we would like to work with is YOU. So come on out...get to know us...let us get to know you and, most important, let's work together to make this world a better place for all people to live in. In strength and Sisterhood Estella Friedlander ....1MINN. Because she's a woman .1 OWIDOIN 41,4NNOMININ .10010.... 1 Dear Sister: she doesn't try to change me late and I were really pleased to she knows and understand a woman's ways; receive your letter and would like to meet I feel so free with you soon. to be what she sees in me or many women,feelingsof lesbian- it's so easy to be her lover ism or bi-sexuality are unexplored or un' because she's a woman. resolved, and so there has been no em- phasic put on this subject, both practically If you want higher consciousness 1 I'll tell you what to do We, then, cannot apologize but your you got to talk to a woman letter did prompt some of usllook inside get her to talk to you ourselves a little and we need the input you got to build you a union and make it strong from our lesbian sisters. 1 Please contact us and we will discuss and if we all stick together girls it won't be long... or philosophically. this further. 1 Above from the albumAavender Letters can prove to be rather impotent and impersonal when dealing with our sexuality. Jane Loves 'Women, Women's TAisic Network, Women's Wax Works, 1974 Valerie Packota 1 George PDFCompressor PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copyKate of CVISION �A Woman's Piece 4... is in the House WOMEN IN POLITICS There is a tendency on the part of some people campaigning for office to think that a change in political party's will result in such things as an end to inflation, reduced taxes and equality for women while still oper- ating under the same economic and social system. As with inflation and taxes, true possible to go any farther as the cost is pro- equality for women cannot come under the present system. under the present setup, it is virtually im- hibitive. Traditional political If the money were to continue to parties are unable to implement the kinds of come from the taxpayer, then yes it would be legislation which would produce any fund- prohibitive but in fact the money and the amental changes. At best they can provide trained labour power do exist. The problem is only surface variations on the same theme. they are unavailable under the present This is because any meaningful changes would system where the greatest part of this have to come about through a change in social- country's wealth is concentrated in the ization processes, educational systems, mass hands of a very few. media and family structure. have the money which could pay for the For example, legislation exists which The corporations services of trained childcare workers says equal pay must be given for equal work who are presently unemployed and for more but in practice this is not always so. machinery for enforcing the law is inedequate. adequate facilities. Unfortunately, even if adequate child-care facilities were There are ways to get around it such as chang- instigated the problems are not over. ing job classifications so that a woman doing freeing women from the burden of sole re- the same job as a man is given a different sponsibility for child-care, we would be title and lower wages. freeing them to take a greater part in The Also, women are not However, under our present socialized to strive for higher positions production. and are generally encouraged to be content economic setup there are no jobs avail- with their role as secondary labour. able. An example of how true equality cannot come under the present system is shown by the By Women are in fact unable to take an equal part in anything except unemployment. eoutfit lack of universal, free, 24 hour day care facilities. The provincial gov't states that while they will make slight improvements PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �Basically there are two major pro- Our only hope as women to gain a trul; blems related to the present political equal place in society for all women is to set up A) those parties which are in fight for fundamental changes in the ec- power either directly refuse changes onomic, social and political setup and not which would affect the status quo or be content with partial or token responses because they must work within the bound- to our demands. aries set by the monoply corporations they can only introduce token, reformist legislation which has no other purpose than to placate the people and make them think a real change has taken place. B) those parties which say they do want to make real changes find out that these are virtually impossible under our present system. For example, in Manitoba a bill was passed which stated that something like 50% of the civil service should be women--including executive positions. This has however at present proved to be an impossible task because of our socialization process which still conditions women into secondary roles behind the typewriter or in the cafeteria. The women power is just not available to fill the ranks and as a result, the legislation is impotent, or "all show and no go". What would have to be done would be to provide the necessary upgrading skills and change salary brackets as an immediate stop gap measure, On a long term basis, restructuring the educational system making provisions for socialization of child-care and housework would help to change the present role women are forced to play in our society. "I HAVE MET BRAVE WOMEN WHC Aix; x EXPLORING THE OUTER EDGE OF HUMAN POSSIBILITY, WITH NO HISTORY TO GUIDE THEM, AND WA COURAGE TO MAKE THEMSELVES VULNERABLE THAT I FIND MOVING BEYOND THE WORDS TO EXPRESS IT Gloria Steinem -11 Lbsaarromearrawarrammeer......senorwerwasegar......1~, PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �ffi WOMEN & BUSINESS Some Conclueions by Erna Paris Chatelaine Nov. 1974 dare to pursue an independent life. Even if we have to work, as do a quarter of a million of us who are deserted, separated or divorced, we may still feel guilty. Yet in some elementary way, and perhaps this conditioned guilt factor, we haven't overcome the very first hurdles to equality at. work. They are: 1) General access to good day car_ that will relieve a working mother and not upset her. 2) Birth control information and devices, Especially for the poor. The availability of abortion as a release clause from accidental, unwanted pregnancy so that the extraordinary human experience of parenting becomes a voluntary and deeply wished-for-happening. Legislating equal rights without meeting these conditions is like dabbing powder over a pimple. Sooner or later it will reapperar, redder and sorer for having been abused. For the record, it appears that three million of us have some or all of the following in common: 1) "Women's work" such as clerical work, nursing, social Work, teaching, and child care Etill moans automatic low status and low pay. 2) When men and women do similar work the men are almost always paid more than the women. 3) Canadian women do not have equal opportunity at work. Ve are passed over for promotions. We train the very men who become our supervisors. 4) We have equal pay laws in this country, but they don't work, rf we do break nto management we rarely reach the middle levels where reel decision-making power begins. 5) One out of every three of us does clerical work, but we're not org enized and we have no bargaining power. 6) Assumptions are made about us to our great disadvantage. It is assumed that we will not relocate, "AS LONG AS THE REAL POWER IN THE BELL so no one bothers to ask us. It TELEPHONE COMPANY IS WHITE AND MALE AM is assumed that we hill drop out of NOT CALL IT PA BELL." the work force perranently when we marry or start a family. It is assumed that we are too illogical and emotional to handle the tough nitty-gritty of daily business. It is assumed that we lack Strength, persona erection and ambition. Some of these assumptions may be true for some women. But when individuality is ignored and judgments are made on the basis of sc.': alone, the result is out- andout discrimination. 7) We've read the B ble and gone to church and studied Freud too, and not unnaturally some of picked up the dea that we didn't really measure up to men. Somewhere along the way the biological ability to bear children was expanded into a "biological suitability" for serving and taking care of everyone else's basic needs. 'So when we want for ourselves, we often feel guilty. If we're mothers, we may PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor feel like ogres if we do not give if 4,11 �PAM MEADY: 'PAPERPERSON1 PAM MEADY, 13 year old paperperson for the Chronicle Journal, seems to have it'all together' at a very young age. Pam was offended and angered by a newspaper ad which was directed to paperboys. The ad said paperboys grew up to be prime ministers and great lawyers. No mention of girls: Pam says 'Well, watch for me to pop up as the first woman Prime Minister or at least get into politics or law." Pam is a very aware young person who realizes "girls have to be better than boys because when a girl makes a mistake cr doesn't do a good job, then people will get down on all girls - so we try harder." She is also very busy putting her awareness to work. She increased her paper route from 80 to 107 customers in just a short time. One carrierwoman we'vestates had in'she 25 years.' elderly is the best Pam is a junior leader in Brownies, plays the violin and guitar and is a member of the senior orchestra. She crochets and knits, has 21 pen-pals around the world and is an avid scientist. She recently won an honourable mention at the science fair in Calgary. Tow does she feel about boys? "1 ('She'd like them as people." better--she might need their vote one day' says the Chronicle-Journal)* Pam was always out when 'The Northern Woman' tried to contact her but, during a brief conversation with her mcther, we learned she also is an avid reader (could some literature be by feminists?) and also gives her male teacher a hard time (trying to raise his conscicusness perhaps). Her big desire, thou h, is to make sure women get more recoznition in this male"Women have been dominated. world. lower-class creatures; it's time they got up in the world." *Our observation of the .1.e- Jourria.1 7tatement is that a women who are now eligible to vet - are not taken 16-8-, seriously by politicians and we should be mor aware of thie attitude. Thee nee our vote. :., united vote J. people concerned about women's issues is the only power we now have. Let's use et, and encouryoung women like Pam to take an interest in becoming politically in rThe Northern Woman' wirhes you luck, Pam, in any and all endeavours of your choice. PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �Many women are disappointed that the Women's Studies Course will NOT be a fcredit course. Are they not important enough???Are they in fact courses designed to keep those 'silly' women busy...give them e hobby. For example; the Herstory of Women is one to be proud of sisters....but how proud is the college???Obviously not proud enough to give the course 'respectability' by awarding it credit. How sincere is the college in recognizing women's role in herstory. Would you be more willing to take such a course if you were awarded a credit? If so, contact the Women's Centre by letter or contact Ms. R. Cunningham, Director Women's Studies, Confederation COTIege. LETS JUST SEE WHERE THE COLLEGE REALLY STANDS IN RECOGNIZING THE CONTRIBUTION DE BY WOMEN. A- 114 litIDERCLAP 4tc To Ruth Cunningham for her recent appointment to the Ontario Status of Women Council. Ma. Cunningham is Director of Women's Programs at Confederation College and replaces William Saskoley of Dryden. Did zou know that our CHILDREN'S 1 Room is now available for use??? IThe hours have tentatively been set from 9 to 11:30 a.m. 1 to 5:30 p.m. UNDE ikboLl -- To Gloria Moody for her "impression" (Lakehead Living) Nov. 6 of "Lakehead Ladies". Gloria if you feel the need to do something more worthwhile than pursue your "natural fashion competiveness; come and see us. (Monday through Satvday) If your child/children have use for Ithe room now, please call a day in /advance to Alison Tett (Children's tRoom Coordinator) ® 623-3107 623-392_5 or Helen Halet @ 623-8411 oroargawb EIVExT For those interested in using the °Al iI I room, a general meetin will be AN. 8, in TAN. held at 8 p.m., WED., 1 Centre. (Tile Northern Wamen's to WorvIE share ideas on purpose will be Hi child-care-cooperative among y Erg parents, needs, etc.). PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor tinirERN Lv---, �NEWS I Womer File We are attempting to set up a womanpower file to assist us in alleviating some of the problems we are encountering, at your women's centre. We know that many of you cannot volunteer your time in helping to staff the centre BUT we also realize that you may have other resources that you would be willing to contribute if given the chance to do so. On Saturday the 23rd of November we of the Women's Centre held workshops in order to aid us to help you more effectively. We had many very good resource women here and they spoke on a number of very important facets of counselling and different contact places where we can refer to if the need arises. Among the workshops that we experienced were those of: Women and the Law---Mary Tomlinson Crisis Councelling---Estella Friedlander Welfare Rights-- --Dawn St. Amend Community Resources---Margaret Phillips Birth Control and Pregnancy Councelling--- --Eve Pykerman Some of the immediate crisis situations that arise which we cannot contend with are: 1) transportation. Do you have a car at your disposal? 2) one night housing assistance 3) help in the children's playroom. 4) care for a child in your home, for a woman in a crisis situation Some of the resources we have already compiled are women who can: --provide counselling --do crafts e --type and own a typewriter --pmevide real estate information -- provide legal information --eindex and operate the library We also have women who can speak and provide information on the women's movement, rape crisis, sex-role stereotyping and the health collective. We need, and we all can benefit from, any services you may have Call and leave your name and number for the File" 623-3107 All in all it was a very succeesfull afternoon and much was shared and learned by everyone PDF compression, OCR, involved. web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �Editorial cont'd Much of the material for the foregoing has been unabashedly fted from a publication called Women at Work in Nova Scotia which los produced by the Halifax Women'T-Bureau, Irii=i7e7= a similar publication can be produced for Northwestern Ontario; as part of our International Women's Year project. In summary, the Women's Bureau article states that many of the problems are not unique to women, The struggle to live on salaries which buy less every day, to find jobs when unemployment is constantly growing and tc find satisfaction in jobs which use only a fraction of our skills, are problems faced by both women and men. But these problems are further complicated by men who still fight to maintain the small privileges now have over womene They may refuse to su -ort the demandsthey of women for equal pay, not realizing that a solid 8.2lance of workers could win higher wages for all, and keep one group from being played off against the other, A recent example in the news pointed civil servants in Ontario were prepared to against the Davis Government: a setdement not include a positive step being taken to discrimination against women out that while the strike for their demands was reached which did eliminate wage In the civil service, women (who are called seamstressoss) who sew women's clothing are paid lens than men (who are called tailors) who sew men's clothing_ because they perform "different jobs", In addit7_on men may refuse to take responsibility for housework, or to press for day cane, believing that these are not their areas of concern, Only when the wcking class movement as a whole takes up the struggle for women's rights can important progress be made toward building the unity necessary ive women's liberation movement and improved working for an effectall. By keeping the struggle divided, it leaves both conditions for gr aps powerless against that which really controls usthe drive for profit, Year after year, we fight for higher wages only to have them taken back th-cugh increased costs food and rent, We need decent housing, healthy food and spacie'for recreation, but these are not available to all of us because they are not profitable enough. All of these are manifestations of a system which creates problems that cannot be resolved until the interests of the working people and the goals of society are ono, But building a new social order will not automatically eliminate the problems of women, although women's oppression would no longer be a key to profit, and this would help to create the conditions necessary for the true liberation of women. 1,1411 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor �NEWSLETTER NEWS It will be two years in April we have sent out a newsletter to interested women and men. It was put out by a relatively small group of people. But as our membership and enthusiasm grows and as our awareness increases " of the needs of women to know what is gibing on in the world of women's issues, it has become clear that we need the support of more,of our readers. You can help in many ways. FIRST: GET THE NEWSLETTER.. SUBSCRIBE FOR $2.00 a year. (16, bargain when you consider the price of postage and papell Please let us know of any change of address or if you don't wish to receive it any longer. FILL OUT THE ?ORM AND SEND IT IN NOW If you don't have the $2.00 tha$ okay, but send in your name. SECOND: Read the newsletter and tell us what you think. Call the office 623-3107 or write a note. Don't just sit back and fume about something you read in the newsletter, share your feelings. THIRD: Every woman is living every day (whether you realize it or not) the issues that the women's movement talks about--so tell us about what it's like working where you work, how it feels to be a young mother, a single parent, a student or an older woman in Thunder Bay (or wherever and whoever you are.) We can't learn about each other and our world unless we talk about it. So let's use the newletter as a convenient way to get together. Nobody has to be an expert nobody is. But among us all we can find ways to say what we want to say. L1S4YLn: W"KT Ott Y OtJ sikY SuascRIB C SVMCN/PI/ON5 !! * * * d 4ET mil: Enclosed please fin 4 ;:,"2.00 ('.,5.00 for institutions) for my subscription to 'The ik1011THERN tau/JAN.. . 11"1 "F4 4 NAME (Please print) 4 ADDRESS: PHONE NO: NEW SUBSCRIPTION a 4 4 * PDF 4compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of *CVISION PDFCompressor �NEXT ISSUE 3 0 Y C 0 T T (GIRLCOTT?) INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S YEAR CALIPORNIA LETTUCE & GRAPES KRAFT.. FIRESTONE ...ANGOLAN COFFEE POSTAL CODE DPAELINE FOR PRTICLES: JAN. 31/75 Our Newsletter fund is newly depleted. Please send in your $2.00 Subscription SOON DOrATIONS WELCOME ALSO. NOTE: People who did this issue: LINDA NOREEN DORrEN GEORGINA fiLISON "HAPPY 19 7 5 SIST-rf.ES" RATE, ESTELLA 27, Cv.-N,p7 /- plaavv4,0,46-1>VoksoakkAVu ..rtrau 0 ku. 0 ISO .0 ULX04.\-.)ON sytiDc,) : uin+Irt PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northern Woman Journal Description An account of the resource Northern Woman Journal Published in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Northern Woman Journal (originally called Northern Woman) started in 1973 following the first annual Northern Women’s Conference in order to keep the conference attendees connected. Initially serving as a newsletter of events, local issues, and women’s resources, the Northern Woman Journal quickly became a diverse publication reaching national and international readers. Not only did it serve as a newsletter to keep local women up to date on feminist issues in Northwestern Ontario, but also as a safe space to discuss women’s resources, law, politics, economics, health, racism, sexism, homophobia, feminist organizing and activism, transnational feminist issues, poetry, feminist reading, feminist art, and women’s diverse lived experiences.One of the longest-running feminist perodicals in North America, the Northern Woman Journal reached its end in 1995. Throughout its 22 years, the Northern Woman Journal was produced by its many collective members, with membership evolving year to year. For many years, the journal worked closely alongside and shared space with the Northern Women’s Centre and the Northern Women’s Bookstore. With the exception of a year-long government grant in the 1970s, the journal relied entirely on subscription fees and donations in order to maintain publishing, which presented challenges throughout its entire existence. As stated in an early version of the editorial policy, “only by a free and open exchange of views and opinions will we develop a basis for unity which can be used as a basis for action.” Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Northern Woman, Vol 1 No 14 Description An account of the resource Vol. 1, No. 14 (November 1974) Title: The Northern Woman: Working Women Topics include: Herstory (October & November 1974) Housework Politics Economy & Value/Worth of Housework Local Announcements & Events Low-wage Women’s Work Formal Division of Labour & Its Value Working Conditions Women’s Studies (Confederation College) Working Women & Women’s Liberation Book Reviews Status of Working Women Comics Equal Opportunity for Women Women’s Bureau, Department of Labour Letters to the Editor Lesbian Equality Women in Politics Legislation for Working Women Authors/Contributors: C. Kouhi Brenda Colborne Estella Friedlander Valeria Packota Erna Paris Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Northern Woman Journal Collective Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974-11 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Published on this site with permission. Language A language of the resource English