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GEOLOGY
'73-'74
�1972 ·73·74
Lakehead University
UNIVERS~TY
DEPARTMENT .O F GEOLOGY
LAKEHEAD
THIRD
IDIIION
�Dr. A. D. Booth
�M. W. Bartley &Associates limited
-
Geologists -
202 TORONTO- DOMINION BANK BLDG.
THUNDER BAY, ONTARIO
�1:
with compliments
from
the faculty of
•
sc1ence
lakehead university
Dean R. A. Ross
�Some readers of this Yearbook may know that
Lakehead University has recently been developing an Academic
Plan.
The first draft of this, usually called "The Skeleton"
because of its front cover adornment, sets out certain principles which I believe to be appropriate in the development of
this institution as a regional university.
Looking at Northwestern Ontario, a number of
points become obvious:
first, the possession of large tracts
of forest; second, the Canadian Shield and its relatively
unexplored geological wealth; third, the lake; and fourth, but
by no means the least important, the people of the region.
Lakehead already has a Forestry School of some
distinction and one which, we believe, in due course, should
be the best in Canada.
The Second of my primary areas of development is
Geology, and I can see that this is likely to expand in two
distinct phases.
In the first of these, the Exploration Geology
of Northwestern Ontario should be the object of the main thrust.
Certainly there is need for the discovery of new ore bodies.
Places such as Atikokan are dependent on existing resources, the
end of which is already in sight.
If new and important resources
can be found, particularly in that area, a pleasant town may be
saved from going the way of similar places in Alberta and British
Columbia which have become ghost towns.
This exploration phase,
which is important, both to regional economy and to pure geology
since it contributes, of course, to the theories of crustal
structure, will be followed and probably parallelled at some
point by what I can describe as Exploitation Geology which leads
indirectly to Mining Engineering.
The importance of the two
phases of the plan lies in the fact that industrial and commercial
backing for the university's activities should be forthcoming
and that the government will be ensured of the regional devotion
of our institution.
Another advantage of the plan, which involves
the participation of industry, lies in the employment possibilities
for students during vacations - something which is at the root of
instruction in all professional subjects.
I hope that these remarks may do something to inspire
the students in the Department of Geology with the importance of
their subject, their mission and their departments in the present
and future of this University.
ANDREW D. BOOTH
�MESSAGE FROM THE
DEAN OF SCIENCE
The principal problem facing Lakehead University this
year has been the decrease in student numbers .
This phenomenon
has occurred in practically all universities in North America and
Western Europe .
Lakehead has not endured a unique experience.
Perhaps a.n enrollment decrease would be regarded as a positive
factor if it could be interpreted as showing a trend towards a
higher quality and more dedicated studentry.
However, our fin -
ancial returns from the Provincial government are directly related to student numbers and when these decline significantly, the
institution trembles , becomes hypertensive and narrowly misses
the trauma of a corporate nervous collapse .
Such experiences occur regularly in industry and commerce.
If a commodity has lost favour in the market , then its
producers must revamp or replace it .
Failure to react success-
fully to this challenge generally results in personnel cutbacks
and plant closures .
Whereas the industrial environment is pre-
pared for such eventualities , the university one is not.
By
their very nature the universities attract staff of a highly
intellectual and sensitive type .
They are not well paid by
industrial standards , but forego pecuniary ambitions in favou r
�of a modest living which allows them the privilege of imparting
knowledge to their students and pursuing their own individual
research and scholarly work.
It is no criticism to state that
university professors and lecturers are less able to cope with
the rough, tumble and consequences of shifts in market-demand
than are their industrial counterparts. The fact is, however,
that they are becoming increasingly compelled to react to these
shifts.
Since the middle ages, all of the major institutions
of state and church in Western civilization have had to undergo
radical changes.
withered.
Some have survived the experience while others
The universities have endured minor perturbations
over these centuries, but have probably never been subjected to
the same external scrutiny as they are at present.
We all have
a responsibility to assuage and convince our critics through our
performances and actions of the tremendous and benevolent effect
that the university can and does have on our society.
We need
to have effective ambassadors, and, in the Faculty of Science at
Lakehead University, the Geology students are among the best
that we have. It is pleasure to be associated with them.
Once again, I am delighted to commend the enterprising
and good-humoured students in the Department of Geology for the
format and the high standard of the articles chosen for the
Geology Year Book.
Warmest congratulations and best wishes to all,
R. A. Ross,
(Dean, Faculty of Science).
�Union Miniere lxploratiuns and Mining corporation limited
A Subsidiary of
EXPLORATION
DEVELOPMENT
UNION Belgium
MINIERE
FIVE OFFICES IN CANADA
1935 Leslie Street
TORONTO
( 416) 445-8832
200- 4299 Canada Way
BURNABY 2 I B c
(604)437-9491
4 105- I Place Ville Marre ·
MONTREAL
FINANCING
(514)
1068 - 7e Rue
VAL o'OR P 0 .
(819) 824 - 2994
866 -2461
2050 Blvd St. Cyrille West
STE . FOY, QUEBEC
(418) 683-1939
~~~~&
Geology Club of Lakehead University
~
The Exploration and Project Development Dept.
The Algoma Steel
Corporation, Limited
SAULT
STE . MARIE , ONTARIO .
�Dr. Edward Mercy
c
H A I R MA N
I
s
M E S S A G E
The publication of this, the third Year Book, demonstrates a
continuing involvement in their professional development by its
student contributors and organizers.
I am more than glad, on
behalf of the Department, to welcome this account of student
affairs during the past academic year.
The tradition of the Year Book is an excellent one and I
sincerely hope that , through your efforts , you will have established
the tradition in this Department so that those corning after you will
continue this good work.
There is no doubt that the Year Book makes
a significant contribution to the healthy growth of the Department.
To all who have helped in the production of this volume, my
heartiest congratulations.
Edward Mercy ,
Chairman .
�GRADUATE TO FALCONBRIDGI
Geologists, Geophysicists , Geochemists, Mineralogists
Mining and Electronic Technologists
FALCONBRIDGE NICKEL MINES LIMITED
23 TOMLINSON BLOCK
SEVEN KING STREET EAST,
TORONTO 210, CANADA
SAN . CUMBERLAND ST.- THUNDER BAY, ONT .
CAMPBEll RED LAKE MINES LIMITED
BALMERTOWN , ONTARIO
EXPLORATION DIRECTED BY
Dome lxploralion ICanada I limited
SUITE 702 , 360 BAY STREET
TORONTO , ONTARIO
�PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
This has been a very successful year for the Geology Club .
In keeping with the reputation we built for ourselves last year,
the Club took on the major role of the University's Winter
Carnival.
This was done by sponsoring the Queen and King contest.
Our two entries, Sharon Tihor and Doug Lehto faired very well.
Doug went on to be crowned Carnival King and will unfortunately
have to relinquish his throne next year, hopefully to another
Geology student.
Apart from Winter Carnival the Club put on two exceptionally
successful beer bashes.
As the academic year drew to a close the
Geology Club Social held in the Prosvita Hall marked the end of
the social calendar.
I would like to at this time to introduce the Executive of
the Geology Club for the past year, and to thank them for their
participation and dedication.
Vice-President:
Bob Scott
Secretary/Treasurer Eric Brown
Social Directors:
Ralph Bullough & Peter Friske
Year Book Editor:
Barry Pinn
Special mention goes to Barry Pinn, Editor of the Geology
Year Book , and his staff for the laborious hours which they have
spent in the publication of an outstanding Year Book .
David Powers,
PRESIDENT,
GEOLOGY CLUB.
�ON THE GENESIS OF GRANITE
by
M.
YUMA
In the beginning God created the Heaven .•..•••.••....
and the Earth .
And the earth was without form , and void ; so begins a
well known story expounding a certain belief on the origin of
the earth and granite since granite is a rock occurring near
and on the surface of the earth . To a person supporting the
democratic principle, that the majority opinion is correct ,
this would explain the origin of granite satisfactorily . However, we, being individualistic and schooled in geology like to
think that this creation is not quite finished yet.
It must be admitted though that the origin of the
positive and negative changes that combine to form matter is
unknown . We, geologists, come into this when the earth was
without form , a swirling mass of dust and gasses, and imagine
that the ''force" of gravity was present which formed this
"ready created" dust into our earth .
It is assumed that the reader agrees that the earth
is a better sphere than the best basketball made by man; and
also that energetic (heated) matter tends to rise to the "surface", i.e. heat energy flows from a hotter to a conler object .
As a direct result of this remarkable observation , it
can be stated that the concentratio n of radioactive isotopes is
greatest in the rocks of the crust . Recall geothermal gradient .
Also it is known that the radiogenic heat output was greater
yesterday than today. Recall exponential decay function of all
radioactive elements. This would also imply that the surface
temperature of the earth, especially of granitic areas , was
higher in the distant past . This is shown by the gaseous envelope around it (all expelled from the earth) . Also water molecules cover 75 % of the surface .
Our "granite" stands out from the water , as the continental "floats". Recall isostasy . These continental " floats"
are essentially granites and their derivatives. They were and
are formed by contamination of the insoluble residue (silicon
dioxide and aluminum silicates) by the liquid remaining from
fractional crystallization of the basaltic magmas . This silica
enrichment must precede granite formation . This enrichment
occurs on the surface essentially . The contamination takes
place near the surface under cover of the very "wet'' sediments .
Bec~use of the lower density inherent in these "granitoid" rocks
and because of the badly fractured platy nature of the earth ' s
crust, these granitoid rocks tend to drift to the points of
highest gravitional field strength, which are presently in the
--
--
�vicinity of the poles. Guess where we find most of the earth's
granites? That's right , near the poles !
This is normal and expected since the earth is not a
perfect sphere .
The granites make up only about 1/ 10 of one percent of
the atoms in the earth but these are mighty important atoms for
us air breathing creatures .
SHERRITT
SHERRITT GORDON MINES LIMITED
MINING AND
MILLING
Lynn Lake , Manitoba
Personnel
DIVISION
PETER A. CAIN
Office
Vice President
Mining
( 204 ) 356-2441
�FIELD
�TRIPS
�1972-73
��SfPW«J
�Soetat
�Bi II Mclelland
Bruce Hicks
Frank Smit
Bill Blattner
Dave Evans
John Biczok
�Marvin Humphreys
Jeffrey Armstrong
William Eismont
James Rybar
John Carlin
First Year
1972.73
�NEIL R.
CAMPLING
Some Mineralogical, Textural and Environmental Aspects of the Pre-Gunflint & Pre-Sibley Weathered
Profiles
In the Thunder Bay region, ancient weathered profiles
occur in the stratigraphic column below the initial sediments
of the Gunflint and Sibley Formations.
Both profiles consists of weathered granitic rock and a lithified, granitic
derivative.
The Pre-Gunflint profile is characterized by a remarkable increase in chlorite mineralization, and a very poorlydeveloped residual soil
texture.
These and other mineral ogical features tentatively indicate the Pre-Gunflint weathering occurred sub-aqueously in a temperature, estuarine
or tidal-flat environment.
The Pre-Sibley profile is characterised by an increase
in hematite mineralisation, and a well-developed residual
soil texture.
These and other mineralogical features
tentatively indicate that Pre-Sibley weathering occurred sub aerially in a humid, temperate climate.
Only the Pre-Sibley
weathered profile can be termed a paleosol .
�Pillow lavas from Archean volcanic-rich supracrustal units
the Superior Province of Northwestern Ontario were studied
on a regional scale to identify possible variations in the
style of metamorphism.
Chemical analyses indicate that metamorphism has not affected the basic chemistry of the pillow lavas in most cases.
Volatile contents vary in the lower grade of metamorphism,
however, significant metasomatism has occurred in only a few
localities.
Both tholeiitic and calc-alkaline chemical affinities were noted in pillows from various areas.
Chemical
variations within individual pillows which have undergone
relatively little alteration suggest differentiation processes
may have occurred during the crystallization of the pillows.
The pillow lavas of the Lake Nipigon-Geraldton-Jackfish
area are of a low metamorphic grade with mineral assemblages
corresponding to the greenschist facies.
Variations in the
scale of mineralogical homogeneity and the degre8 of recrystallization indicate that moderate pressure conditions prevailed
in the Highway 11 area between Beardmore and Longlac while
the Highway 17 area along the north shore of Lake Superior was
characterized by very low stress conditions.
This indicates a
variation in the regional metamorphic pattern with greater
depths of burial occurring in the northern volcanic-rich unit.
The regional metamorphic pattern in the southern volcanic-rich
unit may have been overprinted by thermal contact aureoles
related to intrusive plutons.
The suite of pill lavas from between the Highway 599 area
represents central amphibolite zones bounded to the north at
Central
Patricia and to the south of Sturgeon Lake by low
grade greenschist zones.
Mineralogical and textural evidence
suggests progressive regional metamorphism.
�THE GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE ONAMAN LAKE
PROPERTY, NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO
In the thesis a detailed study was made of a small
mineral prospect. The Onaman Lake property is located
approximately 3 miles west of Onaman Lake in the Thunder
Bay Mining.Division. The property is underlain by five
rock types of Precambrian age: Keewatin acidic and mafic
volcanics, Temiskaming conglomerate. Algoman granite and
Keweenawan diabase dikes which cut all other rock types.
The intrusion of the Algoman granite has had a contact
metamorphic effect on the Keewatin mafic volcanics which
is characterized by the progressive development of actinolite-tremolite and epidote group minerals in an originally chlorite rich rock.
Cu, Zn and Pb are present on the property disseminated in quartz veins.
In order to study the possibility of discovering other occurrences of Cu and Zn, the
results of a soil sampling survey were evaluated statistically after separating the sample results into four
groups: organic Cu and Zn values and inorganic Cu and
Zn values. This study indicates a correlation between
geochemical results and observed mineralization but indicates very few other anomalous conditions on the property.
�STRUCTURES IN MIGMATIC ROCKS
For this study an area along the Spruce River Road was
chosen. Numerous outcrops in a 6 mile section were examined,
which a variety of structures occur.
Based on data, a three-fold division in the migmatite
complex has been made.
Well foliated biotite-plagioclase gneisses interlayered
with quartzo-feldspathic gneisses.
Lit-par-lit gneisses, composed of foliated gneisses
interlayered with a potassium feldspar-rich mobilizate.
Massive gneisses composed of poorly foliated rocks
with vague structures.
No sharp boundaries appear between these three types. A
some-what transitional relationship between structures and
mineralogy suggest stages in the degree of mobilization.
A complex tectonic history is demonstrated by the structures in the migmatite. These migmatitic rocks comprise a
basement complex overlain by less deformed and less metamorphosed metasedimentary and metavolcanic sequences. In the
migmatite complex a fluctuating temperature produced great
variations in the amount of melt at any time and thereby
affected the complexities observed in the structures.
�Archean Evolution of Western Dorion Twp. Ont.
The western part of Dorion Twp. shows evidence of Archean
ocks dating from very ancient 'primitive' basaltic crust to
late kinematic, quartz monzonites.
The oldest rocks underlie the northern part of the map area
consists of metamorphic rocks of predominan~ly sedimentary
nd, to a very minor extent, igneous origin.
These metasedients are represented by roof pendants and xenoliths of fine
medium grained, more or less plastically deformed, quartzoelspathic gneisses.
The metamorphosed igneous rocks exist as
ngular blocks of mafic to ultramafic hornblende gneiss.
The
atter may represent remnants of very early dykes, 'primitive'
saltic crust or possibly 'horses' of mantle material.
These
oof pendants and xenoliths float in a 'sea' of pegmatitic
o micropegmatitic, intensely flow-folded and very leucocratic
obilizate.
At the onset of the Kenoran 'orogeny' this basement assemb age began buckling in low amplitude east-west trending folds.
s these folds developed, the synformal portion, now represnted in the southern part of the map area by the greenstone
elt began filling with basement-derived pelitic· sediments,
ntercalated in later stages with minor amounts of basaltic
sh .
With time the rate of deformation accelerated and the
ressures and temperature became sufficiently high to remoblize the more volatile components of the basement at relatvely shallow depth .
This caused intrusion of small eastest elongate quartz monzonitic bodies along zones of structral weakness at the edge of the greenstone belt and within
he basement complex.
These same pressure-temperature
onditions caused progressive metamorphism of the pelitic
ediments and retrogressive metamorphism of the basement
omplex to a common middle-amphibolite facies grade.
�ALLAN SPEED
The Investigation into the use of Gamm-Ray
Spectrometry as a possible geologic mapping
tool
The uses of the~mma-ray spectrometry as a geophysical
tool in mineral exploration are well documented (Mero, 1960).
However, few investigations into the feasibility of using
this remote sensing technique as a geologic mapping tool are
known.
Thus, the purpose of this study was:
1) to investigate local scale variations in radioelement
levels between different lithologic units.
2) to investigate the mineralogical composition of the
various lithologic units causing the different radioelement levels.
3) to investigate the statistical problems involved in
collecting and presenting data of this type, and
4) to investigate the possibility of using gamma-ray
spectroscopy as a physical method which provides
information from which geological conclusions can
be drawn.
Of the many radioactive isotopes that occur in rocks,
only radio-potassium and members of the uranium and thorium
series are important geologic sources of gamma-radiation .
Two major,N-S traverses through the Gorham Township area
crossed granitic batholithic intrusives, two types of
sed~mentary rocks , volcanic rocks, diabase and gabbro.
A portable gamma-ray scintillometer was used to measure
the relative radiation effects of the various rock types.
The initial count data was converted into more meaningful
results using statistical methods , computer techniques,
and geochemical analyses.
These showed a definite difference in radioelement content of the various rock types
measured.
�JOE KASARDA
The Alteration and Trace Element Content
of the Mattabi Footwall Zone
The Mattabi orebody is situated in the Sturgeon Lake area
of North western Ontario.
It exhibits many of the features
common to Cu - Zn massive sulphide deposits found throughout
the Canadian Shield .
Alteration characteristics of the footwall rocks were
studied by means of thin sections made from approximately
45 collected hand specimens.
The main alteration products
observed were sericite and carbonate .
Abundant chloritoid
and a relatively low chlorite content suggest that magnesium
metasomatism was not prevalent during ore formation .
No
simple zonal arrangement of the lateration minerals is
apparent.
A total of 89 samples from 8 drill cores obtained from
the footwall rocks were analyzed for Cu , Zn, Ni, Ag , Fe , Mn
and Co2 by atomic absorption techniques.
The frequency
distributions of the elements were studied in the form of
cumulative frequency curves.
All the elemen~appear to be
approximately lognormally distributed.
Background and
threshold levels were graphically estimated.
�'
A BIOGEOCHEMISTRY STUDY OF POPULUS TREMULOIDES
APPROACHING A LEAD-ZINC-BARITE DEPOSIT
The purpose of this study is to compare the variation of
concentration of the trace elements lead, zinc, copper, and
manganese in the various portions of Populus tremuloides with
specific physical variables of the plant, such as height, age,
and diameter, as well as with soil chemistry.
The elemental levels of zinc, lead, copper, and manganese
were measured in samples of soil, bark, old growth, new growth
and buds of Populus tremuloides, and bark, old growth, new
growth plus buds and needles for Pinus banksiana. Solutions of
these samples were analyzed by atomic absorption methods.
Lead is the only element which shows an anomalous concentration in the bark, new growth, old growth and buds of poplar.
Old growth and new growth of poplar are the best portions of
the tree to sample in order to detect the presence of a lead
anomoly. The elemental concentration of lead, zinc, manganese,
and copper in the plant organs sampled is affected by the
absolute age of the species. The concentration of these elements does not accumulate with age.
With the shallow soil profile, as occurs over the Sibley
Group, geochemical soil sampling is a better exploration
method for locating lead-zinc-barite deposits than a biogeochemical survey using Populus tremuloides as a sampling species
�THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE LYON LAKE-CLAW LAKE SULPHIDE
BEARING GRAPHITIC SHALE, STURGEON LAKE, ONTARIO
The Lyon Lake-Claw Lake sulphide bearing graphitic shale
is contained within a predominantly sedimentary sequence of
course to fine clastics with minor carbonate and mafic volcanic rock.
Sulphide mineralogy consists mainly of pyrite and pyrrhotite occuring as nodules, lensoid pods and narrow bands
conformable with bedding. Traces of chalcopyrite, sphalerite
and arsenopyrite are present as well.
Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn and As were analysed in sulphides,
graphitic shale and wall rock. Results suggest: (1) Sulphides
contain higher contents of Cu, Zn, Co, Ni and As than graphitic
shale or wall rock and (2) Mn, Zn, Co and Ni content decreases
eastward along the formation in graphitic shale.
Analyses of a vertical section through the formation
suggests: (1) Cu, Zn, and Mn are enriched in the footwall rocks
as opposed to the hanging wall rocks, (2) Zn and As are concentrated in graphitic shale in comparison with hanging wall
rocks and (3) Co and Ni content is relatively uniform throughout the section.
Element ratios have been used to investigate the depositional environment of sulphides and host rock. Results show:
(1) Co:Ni ratios in sulphides and graphitic shale are consistent with other worker's data for a sedimentary origin and (2)
Mn:Fe ratios are suggestive of volcanic contribution to the
Nestern margin of the formation.
Carbon content in the graphitic shale varies from 1.60 12.06 %. X-ray studies indicate carbon is either present in an
amorphous form or below the detection limit of this technique.
X-ray studies indicate the pyrrhotite present is monoclinic possibly derived by metamorphism from pyrite.
Evidence suggests that the graphitic shale is derived in
a sedimentary basin in which there was volcanic activity at the
western margin. This was followed by large scale mafic
volcanism. Sulphides derived by sedimentary or diagenetic processes is likely, since there is no evidence for a direct
volcanic exhalative source.
�AMOCO CANADA PETROLEUM COMPANY LTD.
Mining Division
Mining Properties Optioned, Developed
EASTERN OFFICE
WESTERN OFFICE
Suite 2010
65 Queen St. W.
Toronto 1, Ontario
Telephone: (416) 364-3409
2160 Guiness Tower
1055 W . Hastings St.
Vancouver 1, B.C.
Telephone: (604) 683-2591
PATINO MINES (QUEBEC) LIMITED
Fourteenth FIoor, 7 Kin g St reet East
Toronto , Ontario
�STRUCTURE OF AN ARCHEAN SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCE WITHIN
THE QUETICO GNEISSIC BELT
The purpose was to suggest a structural model for the metasedimentary rocks (Archean sediments). On structural grounds
it appears reasonable to this area to assume that the metasedimentary sequence rests on a basement complex. The unconformity between these two appears to have been remobilized
during orogeny and hence is no longer intact.
Based on field observation of sedimentary structures several reversals of top directions were determined. These sediments are basically of graywacke composition. Low-grade
metamorphism and non penetrative deformation have left primary
sedimentary features intact.
A maximum thickness of 4,700 feet of sediments was established from the model. The folding is tight isoclinal and
slightly overturned, originating from a flexural slip and flow
mechanism.
THE SILICATE AND SULPHIDE PETROLOGY OF THE
KAWENE LAKE INTRUSION
silicate and sulphide petrology of the Kawene Lake
Intrusion was studied using a transmitted light microscope,
a reflected light microscope, a 4-axis universal stage microscope, point counting, chemical analysis and x-ray methods to
determine if this intrusion is a strataform pluton, or an
alpine type ultramafic. A tectonic environment is also investigated and an origin for the rocks and sulphides is suggested.
It is found that this intrusion is not a strataform
pluton, but is possibly an alpine type ultramafic lying somewhere in between the two suggested and meffibers, namely the
ophiolite suites of Newfoundland and the serpentinites of
Vermont.
It is also found that this intrusion was syntectonically placed in an Archean eugeosyncline, surrounded by
flysh-type deposits. It is suggested that both the sulphur
and metal, essential to form the sulphides, came from the
magma itself and not from the surrounding rocks or the sea
water.
�• Mining Exploration
and Development
• Properties Examined,
Optioned and Financed
Phelps Dodge Corporation of Canada Ltmtled
Suole 1106 - 55 Yonge 51, Toronto, Onl M 5E I J4 ( 4 16) 366 4674
Suooe 404 , 1112 Wul Pender 51 , Vancouver I , B C ( 604) 684 - 6588
Suol t 409-491 Porl ogt Avt, Wonn•Pt<l R38 2E5, Monolobo (204) 775 - 8423
Fredenc:ton. N 8 • Val d'Or, 0~
/
noranda
NORANDA EXPLORATION COMPANY, LTD.
NO PERSONAL LIABILITY
BRANCH OFFICE . .. ..
253 LINCOLN STREET
THUNDER BAY, ONT.
�V1t. Ed.waJtd MeJtc.y
V1t. MeJtc.y Wa6 boJtn and Jtec.eived ~ ea!tly
educ.a.;t{.on in geology at :the ImpeJtia.t CoUege on
Applied Sc.ienc.e and Tec.hnology in London,
England wheJte he Jtec.eived a B.Sc.. and Ph.V. in
geoc.he.m<..6bty. V!t. MeJtc.y Wa6 ai.ho a SenioJt
Lec.:twteJt at :the UniveJtJ.JUy o6 Edinbu.Jtgh,
Sc.o:tland. Th!tough :the ye..a/U}, V1t. MeJtc.y ha6
done JteoeaJtc.h on geoc.hemic.a.t J.J:tudieo o6 plu:tonic. and volc.anic. Jtoc.k. in Eu.Jtope a6 well. a6
J.J:tudieo on u.tbtama6ic. Jtoc.k..6 a6 modw o6 :the
manile o6 :the EaJt:th.
V!t. Man6Jted Keh.tenbec.k.
V1t. Keh.tenbec.k. £00..6 boJtn in Bltemen, GeJtmany and
c.ame :to N. AmeJtic.a 6oJt ~ univeJtJ.Ji:ty educ.ation.
He J.J:tudied 6oJt ~ B.Sc.. in Ho6.6:tlta UniveJtJ.Ji:ty in
New YoJtk.. Coming :to Canada, he Jtec.eived ~
Ph. V. in Geology at Queen' .6 UniveJtJ.Ji:ty in KingJ.J:ton wheJte. he ha6 done Jteo e.aJtc.h in :the GJtenviUe
PJtovinc.e. A6:teJt one ye.aJt at U.N.B. he c.ame :to
L. U. in 1977 and i-6 piteo enily doing !teo e.aJtc.h on
:tec.:tonic. evo.tu:tion o6 :the Altc.hean c.JtuJ.J:t.
�V~.
M. W.
Ba~~ley
Bo~n ~n W~nn~peg, Man~~oba , unde~
g~adua~e wo~~ a~ U n~ve~~~~y on Man~~oba ,
po~~-g~adua~e wo~~ a~ U n~ve~~~~y on
To~on~o.
F~eld Pa~~y Leade~ no~ On~a~
~o Vepa~~men~ on M~ne~ du~~ng po~~
g~adua~e yea~~.
Sub~equen~ly, Ch~en
Geolog~~~ and P~oduc~~on Manage~ a~
S~eep Roc~ I~on M~ne~ L~m~~ed.
F~~~~
P~~ncipal La~ehead Techn~cal In~~~~u~e.
F~~~~ Cha~~man, Boa~d on Gove~no~~.
La~ehead Un~ve~~~~y.
Cu~~en~ly ~n
p~~va~e p~ac~~ce a~ con~ul~an~ ~pec~al
~z~ng ~n ne~~ou~ m~ne~al explo~a~~on and
developmen~.
Spec~al Lec~u~e~ a~ La~e
head Un~ve~~~~y ~ince 7977-72 ~e~~~on.
V~ .
John S. MotheMill
V~ . Mo~heMill Uk:t..6 bo~n ~n Otill.IAXL, OntaJUo.
He ~ecuved lvi.-6 B.Sc. (Phy~~~ , Mathemati~)
at CM!eton UMveMdy and ~ B.Sc. (Geolog~cal Eng~ne~ng) and Ph .V. at Queen ' ~
UMveMdy. Wo~~ed no~ Stand~d 0~ (N.J.)
and Mob~ !~~national 0~ Co . ~n TM~ey,
Nig~, Colomb~ and EMope .
Jo~ned the
Faculty on La~ehead UMveMdy ~n 7966 . He
hM been caMy~ng ou~ ~ ed~e~olog~cal
~tud~eh o6 La~e Sup~o~ .
V~ng ~ ~ab
batical leave he ~ed out ~e~entolog
~cal ~tud~~ o6 La~e~ V~~o~ and Chad and
~he N~g~ VeUa .
�Bo~n ~n
Nohth Bay , On~ . B. SQ . and M. SQ .
a;t Ca.JLte;ton UMvVl.-6dy. Ph .V. ~n MetaLe.oge.ny
a;t .the. UMvVl.-6dy o6 Wu.tMn On.tilio . While.
¢.tlldy~ng 6o~ my Ph. V., I ~ a ge.olog~.t w~h
.the. Ge.olog~Qat Su~ve.y o6 Canada . I have. be.e.n
a;t Lak.e.he.ad UMvVl.-6dy 6o!t 4 ye.a.JU and my
~Ue.aJtQh ~n.tMe.¢t6 Me. ~n P~e.Qamb~n StJta;t,{.gMphy on .the. ThundM Bay d~.ttzid and MMJ.:J~ve. Sulphide. Ve.po-6~ 1 1.> Genu~ .
~ . Md.e.wa.ine. ~ bo~n ~n To~on.to and a.t.te.nde.d
UMVMI.>~Y ~n F~e.de.MQ.ton.
He. ~e.Qeive.d h.i...-6
B. SQ . and M. SQ . ~n geology a;t .the. UMve.Mdy
o6 New ~n~.>wic.k. . On.tilio Ve.pM.tme.n.t o6 Mil-teA
hM be.e.n ~ . Mc.I.e.wa.ine. 1 1.> e.mployM 6oJt .the. pM.t
.tMe.e. ye.a.JU ~n ThundM Bay . He. ~ g~v~ng .the.
.t>e.d~e.n.tology QOu/1..6e. while. v~. J . Mo.the.Mill
~
on
~.>abbilic.at
leave.
�V~. Roge.~ M~ehett
Bo~n -i..n FM-6R.e.y Yo~k6We. Eng.f.and , attended
ManehM t~ Un-i..veM~Ij wh~'l.e. he. ~eeuved M6
B. Se . and M. Se . de.g~e.M . Com-i..ng to Canada,
V~ . M~eheil 6tud-i..e.d 6o~ h-i..6 Ph. V. -i..n -i..6 atope. ge.oehe.rn.W~y at Mc.MMteJt Un-i..veM~Ij -i..n
Hamilion . S-i..nee. Mc.MMt~ he hM .6tu.d-i..e.d at
the. Un-i..ve.M~Ij o6 Af.beJtta and Un-i..veMUy o6
06R.o -i..n Noroway be.6o~e. eom-i..ng to Lakehead
Un-i..ve.M~Ij th-i..6 ye.~ .
V~ . M~eheil hM done.
~Me.~eh on .6u..f.phM -i.6otope..6, IU.mb~M
and ~Me eMth g e.oehem-i.6~y .
V~ .
H. Lou.bat
v~ . Lou.bat WM bo~n -i..n Sou.-i..aae. -i..n Sou.th~n
F~nee. .
He. ~e.euve.d h-i..6 e.~y edu.eation -i..n
Be.R.g-i..u.m and hanee. be.6o~e. eMolling at· the.
Uni.veM~Ij o6 Geneva -i..n SwUzeJt.e.and . Th~e.
he. 6tu.d-i..e.d 6o~ a B. Se . , M. Se . and Ph .V. -i..n
geoeogy and m-i..n~ogy M w~.e. M a d-i..p.f.oma
-i..n ge.o.f.og-i..ea.f. eng-i..ne.~ng . In EMope. he. had
done. wo~k p)()_nupaUy -i..n the. F~eneh and Ita.f.-i..an a.f.p-6 . In 1970 V~. Lou.bat WM -i..nvUe.d
baek to Ge.ne.va M a R.e.~~ -i..n the. 6u.mmeJt
.6eme6t~ .
V~. Lou.bat pMtie-i..pa.;te.d -i..n an
oee.anog~aph-i..e expedition -i..n 1971 6o~ the.
Canad-i..an Oee.anog~aph-i..e I Mt-Uu.te. . The. p~o j e.et
ea.f.R.e.d "deep d~" WM u.ndeJttaken -i..n the.
Sou.th Atf.antie. S-i..nee. eom-i..n9 to Lakehead
Un-i..veM~Ij , V~. Lou.bat hM done. ~e..6e~eh on
we.ak.e.y metamo~phMe.d Mehean ~oek -i..n No~h
We.6t~n On.:t.a.JUo , a.6 well a6 a the.o~y on the.
ge.ne6-i.6 o6 pe.gm~e. .
�!GEOLOGY LABORATORY TECHNICIANS I
Ann Sumpter
Ann was born and educated in England and
emigrated to Canada in June 1967. She
joined the staff of the Department of
Geology at Lakehead University in July
1968 .
Ann maintains all the requirements of the
first year teaching laboratory and manufactures thin sections of suites of rocks
for all the department ' s teaching purposes,
of students field trip collections and
for the research projects of the Faculty
members .,
Ann Sumpter
(Peppermint Patti)
Pat was born and educated in Thunder Bay
and has been employed in the Department
of Geology for the past 7~ years . She
has a wide variety of skills in the
secretarial, sedimentological , geochemical and petrological fields . Pat
incorporates two interests in one;
that of a professional typist and the
other as a geological technician. Pat
is also well known for her social conventions, eg . Hallowe ' en.
Pat Zurkan
�Ronald Bennett
Chief Laboratory Technician , 1936 to 1967 ,
The Grant Institute of Geology ,
University of Edinburgh .
Research , many kinds of technical approaches
to Ph . D. studies.
Presently, Principal Technician , Lakehead
University .
R.L. Bennett
Sam Spivak
Sam was born in Port Arthur where he
received his basic drafting techniques
in high school and his geological
training while in the employment (for
8 years) of a local mining company and
has been draftsman for the Science
departments for the past '~ years . He
maintains a fairly extensive map library
while drafting time is largely devoted
to preparing maps , overlays and drawings
for use as teaching aids and research
publications.
S.T. Spivak
�Ain Raitsakas
Resident Seismology Affiliate & Mentor
(Alternate Title - The Lure of Seismology)
Ain was born in England some years ago,
emigrated to Kanada several years later
where he has remained even until this
day .
As a graduate of the prestigious Port
Arthur Collegiate Institute , with the
promise of an illustrious career ahead ,
he studied Physics at the University of
Waterloo . He then advanced to Lakehead
University; assimilating knowledge ,
working as a research assistant in Biology , before settling down in Seismology.
A. Raitsakas
Howard Poulsen
Early History: Born, raised and educated
educated in Thunder Bay area .
Education : B. Sc . Physics (1968-1970),
University of Waterloo; B. Sc . Geology (1972), Lakehead University .
Jobs :
Exploration Geophysics (1961-1971),
High School Teaching (1968- 1969) ,
J. M. Franklin ' s right hand man
(1972-1975) .
Interests: Metallogeny, Exploration Geophysics , Evolution of the Archean ,
Keweenawan Stratigraphy, Farming .
K. H. Poulsen
�Jean Helliwell
I was born and raised in Toronto ' the good '
where I comp l eted my High School education
and then a Secretarial course at Ryerson
College . Came to the great Northwest in
1967 and for the past 8 years have held the
position of Geology Departmental Secretary.
Jean Helliwell
T HA NK
y0u
TO
DR, M. BARTLEY
- HoNORARY PROFESSOR, LA KEHEAD UNIV ERSITY
MR S, J, HELLIWELL - SECRETARY, GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
MR.
i
I
s. SPIVAK
MISS P. ZURKAN
- DRAFTSMAN, GEOLOGY DE PARTMENT
- LAB TECHNI CIAN, GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
���environ mental
contro-1
40years ago
One of the finest recreational parks in Northern Ontario
is located between the old Hollinger mine and the adjoining
town of Timmins, a Northern Ontario mining community
of 30,000 people. When the Hollinger mine and Timmins
were both young the park was a tailings dump in a shallow
lake, unsightly and dusty.
More than 40 years ago-long before environmental control
became a subject of public concern-the dump was
converted into a public park, maintained by Hollinger.
It provides facilities for baseball , soccer, track and
field events, picnics, field days, concerts and other
recreational activities.
When the Hollinger mine closed, the park was ceded to
the town of Timmins, but it remains a symbol of Hollinger's
long-held belief that a successful mining operation can
and should enrich the lives of all Canadians. It also
provides enduring evidence that the need for
environmental control was accepted by Hollinger long
before the subject became publicly popular.
HOLLINGER MINES LIMITED
�Canadian Exploration OHices
Su1te 1302 - 7 King Street East
TORONTO, ONTARIO MSC 1A2
(416 364-6188
EXPLORATION , INC.
601 - 53 5 Thurlow Street
VANCOUVER, B.C. V6E 3L2
EXPLORATION
EVALUATION
DEVELOPMENT
FINANCING
(604) 683-0474
P 0 Box 1150
TIMMINS, ONTARIO P4N 7H9
(705) 264-5247
1666 Dublin Avenue
A Subsidiary of:
WINNIPEG, MANITOBA R3H OH1
(204) 786.4881
PO Box 130
AMERICAN METAL CLIMAX, INC.
STEWIACKE, N.S. BON 2JO
(902) 378-2603
SIIIP HOCK IRON MINIS liMIIID
~~~k.de
LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY CLUB
SUIP HOCK IRON MINIS liMIJID
Atikokan , Ontario
��\Vecanhelp
make it happen.
If you would like advice or information on
any of our helpful services, why not drop
in soon. We'll be pleased to help you in
any way we can.
serving Ontario
�EDITOR'S MESSAGE
This year book has been approximately
three years in the making.
During that time people
have come and gone.
Due to this turnover there
have been many changes made, both in material and
year book staff.
When I and a few other concerned
students took over,what faced us was an unorganized
attempt of putting together a Year Book . We have
attempted to put what pieces we had into some
semblance of order. We have made no attempt to
update the material to any great extent in order to
finally get this year book done.
Due to thi s many
important details have been left out.
material
Thus I wi 11 give a brief resume of this
that was left out of the Year Book .
To begin with I will start with the
faculty.
In the winter of 1973/74 Dr. H. Loubat
resigned his position at Lakehead and is now
teaching in Quebec.
Dr. Garth Platt was hired to
fill this vacancy in the fall of 1974.
This spring Dr. Jim Frankl in was offered
a position with the Geological Survey of Canada which
he has accepted.
My only comment here is that L.U.
Geology has lost one of its finest members .
Listed below are the names of all the
Geology students from 1974/75.
I am sorry that no
pictures of many of these students are available
a nd my a p o 1o g i e s f o r t h i s fa i 1 i n g o n t h e p a r t o f t h e
past year book staffs.
FIRST YEAR
Herb Christmas
Brian Cole
Douglas Cole
James Crinklaw
Ernest Grach
Randy Ha 11
E 1 i zabeth Johnston
Alan Koskela
Fred Peters
Jeffrey Record
Jean Samson
Bernard Schnieders
Frank See! iger
Mark Wittrup
Gordon Yule
�SECOND YEAR
Alan Aubut
Frank Balint
Kenneth Hartviksen
Stephen Hitchman
Eric Mosley
Donald Nicol
Keith Peden
Randy St. Jacques
Ronald Tapsay
Donald Turubchuk
Gerald Varteniuk
THIRD YEAR
John Biczok
Heather Boyle
George Chabot
Albert Chiew
William French
Holly Johnston
William Mclellan
Gerald Perry
Frank Smit
The following is the names of the students
in the FOURTH YEAR - HONORS DEGREE for 1974/75 and
also their thesis titles.
DENIS BATTRUM
Sedimentology of the Kama Hill
for mati o n o f th e Sibley Group .
JACK CLUE
The formation of stream ripples.
GARY GRABOWSKI
Geology of the Atikokan iron mine.
WILLIAM HODGINS
Selenium absorption of Mn02.
DENNIS KWIATKOWSKI - Geology and geochemistry of
anthraxol i te.
DOUG LEHTO
Structural and petrological
evo luti o n of th e Do g-Hawk eye Lake s
area.
�JOHN MASON
Quaternary sedimenology and
stratigraphy of Thunder Bay.
WILLIAM MCRAE
Determination of cesium by
neutron-activation analysis.
MARIO SILVA
Internal structure and petrology of the Trout Lake Intrusion.
GORDON STEINERT
Structure and petrology of the
Barnum Lake quartz-monzonite.
JAMES SYVITSKI
Element concentration of the
waters and sediments of Thunder Bay.
The next 1 ists are the names plus thesis
titles for those students that have graduated in
1973 and 1974, in that order.
1973
HONORS DEGREE
BRENT PASKE
Geology and geochemistry of the
Onaman Lake Property, Northwestern
Ontario.
GEORGE EINARSON
Variations in the style of Metamorphism in Archean Supracrustal
Units of the Superior Province.
ROBERT KYRYLUK
Description of structures and their
significance in a migmatite complex.
LESLIE TIHOR
Archean evolution of Western
Dorion township.
ALLAN SPEED
The investigation into the use of
gamma-ray spectrometry as a possible
geologic mapping tool.
JOE KASARDA
Wall-rock alteration and trace element
geochemistry of the footwall rocks of
the Mattabi Deposit, Sturgeon Lake
area .
NEIL CAMPLING
Some geological and environmental
aspects of remnant pre-Gunflint and
pre-Sibley weathered profiles.
�What comes
out ofa Mine?
What comes out of a mine? Minerals, of course.
But much more than minerals ... such as:
Jobs- at the mine sites- thousands of them.
Jobs- in industries supplying goods and ~ ... ·vices
to the mines- hundreds of thousands of them.
Exports- about 1/3 of the exports required by Canada to maintain its role as a senior trading
nation.
New communities- there are hundreds of mining
communities across Canada.
New opportunities in new communities -for almost
every kind of trade, skill , profession, talent or
business.
New wealth- total value of Canadian mineral production in 1973 exceeded $8 billion -wealth
translated into the Canadian economy for
wages, salaries, supplies, services, taxes and
dividends.
The Canadian mining industry is a valuable,
useful industry in Canada - valuable and useful enough to be studied, understood and
encouraged.
HOLLINGER MINES LIMITED
Labrador Mining
and Exploration
Company Limited
Hollinger North Shore
Exploration
Company, Limited
�heath &sherwood drilling
A Division of
•
•
•
•
~C "
Upper Canada Resources Limited
Diamond Drilling
Dual Tube - Overburden sampling
Chip Sampling
Deep Hole Rigs
Unitized, Skid and Mobile Rigs
KIRKLAND LAKE
SUDBURY
THUNDER BAY
TORONTO
WIN NIPEG
705-567-9311
705-682-2833
807-577-9043
416 -364-7301
204-889-7369
Head Office -
908 - 40
University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario M5J ITI
Member Canadian Diamond Dnlling Assoc1at1on
THE
PAS
204-623-2722
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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Lakehead University Alumni Collection
Description
An account of the resource
Material kept by the Lakehead University Alumni Association, or donated by Alumni to the Association.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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1972-74 Lakehead University Geology Journal
Subject
The topic of the resource
Universities
Description
An account of the resource
1972-74 journal for the Lakehead University Geology Program.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lakehead University
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1972-74
1972
1973
1974
Geology
Yearbook
-
https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/8/1984/1973_Convocation_Address_by_Dr._Sam_Smith.pdf
4f90fb451329b45720851de496734720
PDF Text
Text
������������������
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lakehead University Alumni Collection
Description
An account of the resource
Material kept by the Lakehead University Alumni Association, or donated by Alumni to the Association.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1973 Convocation Address
Subject
The topic of the resource
Universities
Description
An account of the resource
Convocation address given by Dr. Sam Smith.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lakehead University
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1973-11-17
1973
Convocation
Sam Smith
-
https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/4/2548/img20191018_14025308.jpg
8663313e9304b60d98a9fe8d592a56ca
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lakehead University Collection
Description
An account of the resource
Photographs from Lakehead University's history: people, events, and campus.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Men's Basketball Team Player
Subject
The topic of the resource
Sports
University Life
People
Description
An account of the resource
Black and white photograph of Tom Frances, a 1972-73 Basketball player.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1972-73
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Public Domain
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Photograph
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
UG6 A.I.26 scan#181019-003
1972
1973
Athletics
Basketball
Men's Basketball
People
sports
Tom Frances
-
https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/1/2574/MG8_D_5_15_B_I_490.jpg
9f4e5e1a163eb3fed6187edfc295815c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Thunder Bay Finnish Canadian Historical Society Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
Finnish-Canadians
Life in Thunder Bay
Description
An account of the resource
Photographs collected by the Thunder Bay Finnish Canadian Historical Society from a wide range of collectors, documenting Finnish immigration to and life in Thunder Bay.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thunder Bay Finnish Canadian Historical Society
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Lakehead University Library
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Oras Ladies Choir
Subject
The topic of the resource
Music
People
Description
An account of the resource
Oras Ladies Choir directed by Leila Romu. People in the picture : (back row, left to right) Elli Vuotari, -- Rajaniemi, Seija Makelainen, Pirjo Sunila, Elli Kosk-Harja Heikkila, Anja Hankila, Hanna Ketola, --Jousmaki, Eva Sora, (middle row) -- Hilkka Toimela, Annikki --Elli Siren, Olga Hulkko, Saara Ala-Korpi, --Granholm, Inkeri Noks, Ellen Karila, (front row) Ilona Arnam Helmi Saari, Siiri Valila, Kaarina Haavisto, Leila Romu (seated), -- Kuusikivi, Helen Ahokas, Helen Naykki, Liisa Silventoinen
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
September 1969 - October 1973
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Donated by Ellen Karila to the Thunder Bay Finnish Canadian Historical Society
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Public domain
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Photograph
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MG8,D,5,15,B,I490
1969
1973
Music
Oras Ladies Choir