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CANADIAN
LAKEHEAD
INTERCITY BOUNDARY
MAY AND MEMORIAL. AVE .
P. 0 . BOX 2000, PORT ARTHUR
e
TEL.EPHONE 622-6364
P. 0 . BOX 2000, FORT WIL.LIAM , ONTARIO
INDUSTRIAL- COMMERCIAL NEWS REPORT
Volume 1 #4
November 30, MQ1
THE LAKEHEAD ECONOMY
The Commission does not agree with the varied pessimistic forecasts of the
business trend in 1968.
It is agreed the economy is tightening up to some degree and world wide monetary
changes have had a disconcerting effect.
However, over-stressing soft spots in our economy can have a psychological effect,
even on progressive minded people.
Lets look at the positive side of the future and see what we have going for us: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
The Port Arthur Shipyards have an excellent winter and spring before them with
full employment.
Lakehead University will continue to expand to meet student enrollment and a start
on Confederation College has to be made shortly.
Urban Renewal studies in both cities will create excitement and action in the
downtown areas.
We will soon see a start on our first "High Rise" Apartment in the Lakehead.
We will see in the spring of '68, a start on a new concept of a discount groceteria.
Keefer Terminal $3½ million expansion will be underway in the spring.
Hy.d ro facilities are being expanded to meet increased demand.
Modern facilities now being built to handle iron ore will have a big and beneficial
effect on the Lakehead economy.
The pent up demand for housing will have to be met despite high interest costs.
Explorations in the area mining field are leading to eventual and substantial
expansion. It is not beyond hope we may see a large smelter established in the
district.
The long awaited Expressway is nearing completion opening up a whole new area
for expansion.
Our paper mills are modern and on a substantial base.
The Lakehead and Northwestern Ontario are included in the Ontario Government
"Equalization of Opportunity Program" and we are taking full advantage of this. We
may expect some pleasant surprises in not only local expansions of industry but some
new a~d varied businesses as well.
New Industrial Parks are being opened in both cities.
Large merchandising chain stores are currently examining the Lakehead market with a
view to expanding.
Expo '67 world wide promotion will have a continuing effect and we anticipate a
greater number of travellers and tourists into the area in 1968.
These encouraging forecasts can be endangered if extravagant demands for wage
increases are continued.
"WORRYING ABOUT SOMETHING THAT HAS
NOT YET HAPPENED IS A SERIOUS DISEASE!"
�J
p
r
-2-
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ONTARIO'S "EQUALIZATION OF OPPORTUNITY PROGRAMME"
On September 19, 1967, the Ontario Government announced a new
Industry Incentive Plan for areas of the province where growth had been slowest
and this included all of Northern and Northwestern Ontario and some pockets
in Eastern Ontario but excluding areas now "designated" by the Federal
Government.
In the short period since September 19, considerable interest has
been shown in this interest free, forgiven loan plan. The Ontario Development
Corporation has accepted applications for development loans and shortly the
names and locations of successful applicants will be announced.
It is stressed by Government officials this is not a give-away
programme, as applications for loans must make good business sense. Secondary
industry wishing to establish in the designated areas of the province must
not compete with established industry. Secondary (manufacturing) industry
in the area wishing to expand is encouraged to examine this programme, as
they are eligible.
In concise form here is what the plan means: Taking for example a local secondary industry planning an approximate
$2 million expansion, it would be eligible, if standards of business experience
etc. were met, for an interest free forgiven loan, based on 1/3 of the first
$250,000 of construction and equipment cost and 1/4 of the balance up to a
maximum loan of $500,000. This loan is interest free, and each year for 5
years 10% of the total is forgiven. If all agreements have been honoured.
at the end of the 6th year the balance is forgiven.
The School of Business Administration, Lakehead University was asked
to examine this proposition and forecast what a business would have to
produce in sales to create an equal profit over a similiar 6 year period,
Their calculations indicated average annual sales necessary to yield
accumulated net profits after taxes at the end of 6 years of $500.000, amount
to $1,470,000 or $8,820,000 over 6 years.
Enquiries for further details on this forgiven loan plan shoqld be
channelled through the Lakehead Industrial Commission office or the Northwestern
Ontario Development Council.
PROGRESS
****************
In the years 1964-5-6 the value o f ~ industrial establishments in
Ontario amounted to $639 million, whereas the comparable value of new
expansions of existing industry was $1176 million or 84% higher!
Which stresses the contention that our expansion strength or potential
in the Lakehead lies within our present industry.
�-r
-3-
MINING
Considerable interest was generated with the announcement November 2
that the Rabbit Mountain Silver Mines, 25 miles southwest of the Lakehead was
being reactivated.
This is the first tangible result of long investigations leading to
the rediscovery of workable silver deposits in our area. Great Lakes Silver
Mines has taken over the property and Oja Ltd., Exploration Management are
supervising the dewatering of the mine and will resample ore in the lower
stopes, preparatory to recommending further development.
Other mines in the Lakehead area are continuing quiet exploratory
work, outlining ore deposits of nickel, zinc, copper, platinum. It is
hoped these investigations will prove successful.
A REMINDER
Tariff reductions negotiated during the Kennedy Round are to be
completed by January 1, 1972 and will be introduced by installments,
commencing, in some cases, on January 1, 1968.
Manufacturers and exporters should be preparing for some rather
startling changes in export-import flow.
STATISTICS
Retail Sales (1966)
(1966)
Lakehead
Thunder Bay
Taxpayer (1965) Lakehead
Total
Total Income
Average Income
Total Tax
$136.3 Million
$168. 9 Million
36,720
$182,100,000
$4,958
$19,500,000
UNEMPLOYMENT
Oct 31/67
Fort William Office
Port Arthur Office
Sept 30/67
1147
1875
3022
1264
2095
3359
+ 117
+ 220
+ 337
10.2%
11.6%
11.1%
LAKEHEAD BUILDING PERMITS
10 months
10 months
1967
1966
$19,133,025
$17,267,357
Cheques Cashed Against Individual Accounts at Lakehead Clearing Houses
First 7 months (thousands of dollars)
1967
1966
Increase
$844,891
753,657
$ 91,234
12.1%
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Industrial-Commercial News Report, Vol 1 No 4
Subject
The topic of the resource
Business and Industry
Mining
Description
An account of the resource
Newsletter of the Canadian Lakehead Industrial Commission.
Articles on:
- Economic predictions
- "Ontario's Equalization of Opportunity Programme"
- Mining
- Labour Statistics
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Canadian Lakehead Industrial Commission
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1967-11-30
Format
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PDF
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
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�CALAND UNDER DEVELOPMENT
Caland
CANADIAN IRON ORE PRODUCER FOR INLAND STEEL
H eadframe for underground mine.
Close-up of dredge Joseph L. Block.
1959 dredging scene.
Conveyor for open pit.
Mine hoist equipment.
Forty-ton euclid ore truck.
The Caland Ore Company, Ltd., Canadian subsidiary
of Chicago-based Inland Steel Company, began mining operations this spring of a property that will
eventually become Inland's largest source of iron ore.
From a modest annual shipment to the steel plant
of 750,000 tons, Caland will eventually produce 3
million tons of iron ore every year. All of it is destined for the furnaces of Inland's giant steel plant at
Indiana Harbor, Ind., near Chicago, the third largest steel plant in North America.
Inland can now produce 6,500,000 tons of steel a
year at full operations, a rate that requires a comparable amount of iron ore.
Initially the ore will be dug from the lake bottom
and, after crushing, conveyed to a railhead. By 1963
underground mining will start.
\\ hile far apart in distance, (Caland is almost
1,000 miles from Inland's steel plant) the two companies are efficiently linked by the waters of the
Great Lakes.
Caland ore is shipped by Canadian National Railway 140 miles from Atikokan to Port Arthur on Lake
Superior. There it is dumped into the railroad's ore
docks for trans-shipment by lake freighter to Indiana
Harbor-a trip that takes a day less than the runs
from Duluth-Superior.
Caland has invested $50 million over a 10 year
period to develop an ore body which test drillings
indicated would yield at least 30 million tons of iron
ore for Inland Steel. The ore lay beneath the bed of
the Falls Bay area of Steep Rock Lake.
The timetable for the Caland project called for the
removal of 160 million cubic yards of lake bottom
material in five years so that iron ore could be mined
and shipped by the spring of 1960.
Caland has met this schedule in the face of some
of the greatest natural obstacles ever encountered in
such a project. This booklet describes them.
�HEADF'RAME
SCREENING STATION
OPEN PIT MINING
RAIL LINES
TO PORT ARTHUR
SHAFT---+
DRIFT
800 FT.
DRIFT
1000 FT.
PROPOSED DRIFT
1200 FT.
OPEN PIT AND UNDERGROUND MINING AT CALAND
�Discovery
BENEATH A LAKE, A MAJOR SOURCE OF IRON ORE
The Caland ore body lies beneath the eastern arm of
M-shaped Steep Rock Lake whose total ore reserves
are estimated at between one and two hundred million tons. Getting at this rich find took 15 years of
war against the forces of nature and the expenditure
of upwards of $100 million by both Steep Rock Iron
Mines, Ltd., and Caland Ore Company.
The discovery of ore in this lake is attributed to a
Canadian mineralogy professor named Julian Cross
who first surveyed the area in 1930.
For several years Cross drilled through ice and
lake bottom rock to take samples. He proved the
existence of ore. But it seemed inaccessible, lying beneath the waters of a deep lake and 380 feet of glacial
silt, slime, and gravel.
World War II created a need for this ore. Reports
to Washington in 1942 indicated that the United
States might not have enough high grade ore to last
through a long war. Also, a high percentage of ore
boats trafficking between the United States and
South America were being sunk by Nazi submarines.
The post-war dwindling of high grade American
ore reserves in the face of a possible doubling of
America's steel capacity by 1975 added urgency to
the Steep Rock project. More ore would be needed
to feed American iron and steel.making furnaces.
If ore could be mined and shipped from Steep
Rock, mid-continental steel producers, dependent on
Great Lakes shipments, would have additional reserves right in their backyard.
Cross, with three associates, began operations in
1938. Joe Errington, a mine developer was one; the
other two were Major General D. M. Hogarth, and
a young mining engineei:, M. S. (Pop) Fotheringham.
It was Fotheringham who proposed one of the
greatest engineering feats of all time: divert the
Seine River whose waters flowed into Steep Rock
Lake, drain two center arms of the 15 mile long lake
-
FORMER COURSE OF SEINE RIVER
-
PRESENT DIVERTED COURSE
-
STEEP ROCK LAKE
A mineralogy professor from the
University of Toronto, he conducted exploratory drilling in Steep
Rock Lake in 1930, discovered
existence of ore.
and scoop out open pit ore from the dry lake bottom.
The Seine flowed first into Marmion Lake which
emptied into Steep Rock Lake. Fotheringham proposed to dam up Marmion Lake at its lower end, reverse its flow and empty its waters through a manmade channel into nearby Finlayson Lake, which
would be drained into the western arm of Steep Rock
Lake and on to its natural course.
The difficulty was that Finlayson Lake was 33
feet higher than Marmion. Fotheringham proposed
dropping the level of Finlayson 53 feet. He wanted
to cut a channel through the hard rocks under Finlayson and through a series of artificial channels let
the water out. Proposed cost? Ten million dollars.
Hogarth appealed to financier and steel-maker
Cyrus Eaton who persuaded the United States government to lend him $10 million. Then he raised an
additional $3,500,000, needed to start the mine.
After this backing, the Canadian National Railways put in a spur, purchased rolling stock and built
an ore dock at Port Arthur. The Ontario Hydroelectric commission built a power plant and strung
a transmission line from Port Arthur to the Steep
Rock site. Equipment including mammoth dredges
and workers were brought in and work started.
In 1943 the crucial river diversion scheme was successfully completed. An entire system of water control dams was built and dredging began on the two
arms of the lake-a task comparable to the Panama
Canal dredging. In the spring of 1945 iron ore was
shipped down Lake Superior from Steep Rock.
FINLAYSON
CANADA
FALLS BAY
CALAND ORE FIELD
�Development
FIVE YEARS OF DREDGING FOR AN IRON ORE CANYON
Inland geologists inspect map of Falls Bay area.
A team of Inland geologists exploring for Canadian
iron ore in 1948 was briefly excited by some reddish
brown deposits on the shores of Straw Hat Lake, a few
miles south of Steep Rock Lake in western Ontario.
Ralph Archibald, leader of the team, considered
the probabilities of finding ore in the Straw Hat and
weighed them against investing in the development
of a proven ore deposit at Steep Rock Lake. H e knew
that Steep Rock Iron Mines, Ltd., was already mining two ore bodies, but that its "C" body still lay
beneath the waters of one arm of the lake.
It occured to him that perhaps Steep Rock would
agree to an arrangement whereby Inland might develop and mine the "C" ore body on a royalty basis.
He outlined his recommendation to A. J. (Fred)
Cayia, who was then heading Inland's ore mining
and limestone quarrying operations.
Cayia went up to Steep Rock to see the operation
for himself. He foresaw the potential value of Archibald's idea to Inland. The company was looking for
a large source of rich ore that could be shipped directly over the Great Lakes to its steel mill on the
southern shore of Lake Michigan. Such an ore find
was what the company needed to pursue its ambitious expansion plans, encompassing doubling its
steelmaking capacity within 12 years.
Cayia described the Steep Rock development to
his boss, P. D. Block, Jr., then Inland's raw materials vice president, now vice chairman of Inland.
Block liked the idea and took it up with Clarence B.
Randall, then president of Inland. Under Randall
Clarence B. Randall working on Falls Bay area, dredges and pumps lake bottom
silt through pipes extending five miles through wilderness to I armion Lake.
�Specially desi,gned tug boat
kept ice broken in winter
so drilling could continue.
I nl,and geol,ogist inspects l,ake
bottom material for iron ore
during scout drilling period.
Lake bottom silt cascades
into Marmion Lake, five miles
from dredges and pumps.
M argaret Lake tunnel was
carved to divert drainage of one
area into another river system.
and Block's guidance, Inland had built up an independent ownership of an interlocking system of coal,
iron ore and limestone operations, as well as a fleet
of five ore vessels. This system of mine to mill integration had enabled Inland, a once small steel operation, to become, in an industry known for its giants,
the largest independent steel firm in the Midwest.
Randall gave the go-ahead and Inland acquired
an option to lease the property in 1949.
The ore lay beneath the mile square eastern arm
of M-shaped Steep Rock Lake, known as FalJs Bay.
For three years a Canadian drilling team, Boyles
Brothers, performed the laborious job of determining the direction, extent, and tonnage of the "C" ore
body. In the 40-below Canadian winters they plunged
their drills through the thick ice of the lake overlying the ore, and sent them hundreds of feet beneath
the waters, glacial silt and into the ore to "prove
up" the deposit.
Their drillings indicated an ore bed of approximately 30 million tons. For Inland this was the evidence it needed to invest in the ore body's development.
In 1953, P. D. Block, Jr., of Inland and M. S.
Fotheringham, president of Steep Rock Iron Mines,
Ltd., announced that the Caland Ore Company, a
Canadian subsidiary of Inland, had leased the ore
property for 99 years.
Before Caland could get at this ore 160 million
Drilling rig on ice-covered
Falls Bay area in 1955.
cubic yards of clay, silt, and gravel had to be dredged
out and deposited in adjoining Marmion Lake. This
was the core .problem, but it raised others that
seemed just as insuperable. A road had to be slashed
through seven miles of wilderness between Atikokan
and the Falls Bay area, so that the heavy equipment
and the workers could get to the site. The huge
dredges and miles of mammoth steel pipe needed to
carry away the silt had to be brought in. The pipes
could be, but not the dredges so they were brought
in piece by piece, assembled on the shores of the
lake, and launched in 1954. They were christened
Joseph L. Block, for Inland's present chairman, and
Clarence B. Randall, the company's chairman at
that time.
Marmion Lake was available for silt deposit, but
it flowed into the Seine River, already diverted from
Falls Bay by the St-A;ep Rock Company. Something
had to be done to prevent the silt from contaminating the river and destroying it as a scenic attraction and fishing source.
Caland solved the problem by building a series of
dams between islands on the lake, sealing part of it
off for a silt basin whose waters would not readily
mix with the part of the lake that was on the Seine
River course.
Another critical problem associated with dredging
was that of obtaining recharge water. This is water
that is reintroduced into the dredging area to provide the liquid for diluting the silt so it can be
pumped away.
�MARMION LAKE
This water had to be relatively free of silt. (The
ideal dredge burden is about 80 per cent water and
20 per cent solid material.) The recharge water was
obtained through Twin Lakes adjoining Marmion
Lake and was uncontaminated by dredged out silt.
Several other dams were built to prevent water
flow from other lakes into the Falls Bay area. Some
of this water was also diverted from its natural flow
into Falls Bay to the Atikokan River system.
The dredging began in April of 1955. Day and
night, seven days a week, the big dredges worked
cutting into the lake bottom and pumping the silt
through 3 foot diameter pipes, five miles through the
wilderness into Marmion Lake.
In the winter when the Arctic cold built ice surfaces on the lake as thick as three feet, a specially
designed tug boat brought in by railroad smashed
and crushed the ice. This kept the floating pipelines
from freezing into a rigid position locking in the
dredges and preventing them from shifting their
position. Sometimes ice was hauled away by the
truckload to keep the water in the dredging area
free of ice.
Under Caland's agreement with Steep Rock, ore
was to be shipped from the "C" ore body in 1960.
Caland planned to mine initially by the open pit
method until the ore could no longer be removed
economically this way and then change to underground mining.
In 1956 the Patrick Harrison & Company, Ltd., a
firm of mining contractors, was hired by Caland to
sink the underground sh{l,ft. It was dug to a 1,300
feet depth with stations for "drifting" into the ore
body cut at 400, 800, 1,000, and 1,200 feet. Construction of a headframe and service building was undertaken after the shaft was completed.
Meanwhile dredging continued and the lake was
gradually lowered and the first ore was exposed at
the foot of Lime Point on the northern end of the
lake in 1957.
This ore was to be mined by the open pit method.
Trucks would carry it to a crusher which would feed
the ore on to a conveyor system running one mile
to a railhead 450 feet above the mining area. By
mid-1959 open pit equipment was on the site and
stripping operations began. The first ore, shipped on
May 3, 1960 to the loading dock at Port Arthur, fulfills the schedule set in 1949, when Caland first acquired its option.
The swing to undergound operations will start in
1963 and by 1969 Caland expects to ship 3 million
tons a year to Inland Steel's Indiana Harbor works.
CHANNEL
UPPER BASIN A
DAM
RE SERVOIR
UPPER BASIN A
LOWER BASIN A
MINING AREA
Elaborate water diversion system
was built by Caland to protect
dredging area in Falls Bay where
"C" ore body lay. Diagramatic
charts show revised water flow,
dredging progress on lake.
ORIGINAL LAKE LEVEL ELEVATION 1267 FT.
1951 LAKE LEVEL ELEVATION 1120 FT.
MARCH 1960 LAKE LEVEL
GRANITE
GRANITE
�Atikokan
TOP PRIORITIES: MORE CLASSROOMS, NEW HOMES
The name Atikokan, the booming mining town near
Steep Rock Lake, has an aboriginal sound whose precise meaning seems in doubt. fy.fost generally accepted is the derivation, Aticosepi, an Indian word,
whose possible meaning ranges from moose bones to
Caribou- River.
In the late 1800's the town was a division point
for the Canadian National Railway's branch line
between Port Arthur and Fort Frances. In 1899, a
gold prospector, Thomas Rawn, and his wife pitched
their tent and became the town's first settlers. Rawn
later built the first hotel, and after unsuccessfully
trying his hand at sheep farming, resumed prospecting, only to disappear in the harsh muskeg country
of western Ontario.
The community grew undramatic.ally, reaching a
population of only 300 by 1943. But from that year
the population exploded in a decade to 7,000, as
Steep Rock Iron Mines, Ltd., and Caland Ore Company began the development of the Steep Rock iron
range. Within five years, when both mining companies reach full capacity the population is expected
to double.
At present 25 per cent of Atikokan's residents
work for Steep Rock Iron Mines or ·caland. Caland,
with 200 employees currently living in the town, expects to employ more than 1,000 when its mines
reach capacity operations.
What kind of town is it?
A quick automobile tour around its streets provides a clue. There are three banks, several hotels,
a pair of movie houses, and gently curving residential streets lined with brand-new homes. Yet only
a few streets in the town are paved.
Once a year the town council considers paving
plans drawn up many years ago by previous city
planners, only to shelve them. Why? Atikokan's
promising economic future has attracted scores of
�Street paving has been deferred until more class rooms are built for
growing Atikokan children.
young couples, expecting exciting opportunities in a
modern, yet pioneer community. They have given
the town Ontario's highest birth rate (45 per thousand compared with 25 for the rest of the province).
With its inundation of new children Atikokan must
earmark a high percentage of its tax money for schools
instead of paved streets.
One member of the school board described the
problem. "For the last four years, we have either
built a new school or added to an old one each year,
30 new classrooms in all. Right now we have 1,500
pupils in Atikokan grade and high schools, but by
1968 we expect 2,300 in grade school alone."
Atikokan leadership has remained manfully on top
of the pressures for new public facilities demanded
by incoming Canadians. Housing, schools, sewers,
water, sidewalks, and recreational equipment have
all been added to accommodate public needs.
The pressure will increase as Caland adds 1,000
employees after 1960. Each represents a family totaling 3.5 more residents on the average or a total of
3,500. By 1968 Atikokan's population may approximate 20,00~a 300 per cent increase over 1960.
Caland people have assisted a core of dedicated
Atikokan citizens in planning for the town's future.
Former Caland Manager Philip D. Pearson who managed the five-year developmental work was a mem-
Atikokan citizens "liven
up" neighborhoods with
fence painting.
Favorite Atikokan winter
sport is curling-game
imported from Scotland.
Moose painted on wall
of home is appropriate
symbol of Atikokan.
ber of the Municipal Planning Board. E. W. Whitman, currently in charge of Caland's open pit operations, is now a member of the same board. A dozen
other Calanders are active on the recreation council,
chamber of commerce, and other community organizations dedicated to improving the town.
Peter P. Ribotto, a resident of Atikokan and vice
president of Caland Ore Company, is a member of
the board of Atikokan General Hospital and an honorary member of theAtikokan Chamber of Commerce.
A modern paved highway now links Atikokan with
the provincial highway leading to Port Arthur and
Fort William.
Seven years ago Atikokan was accessible only by
railroad. Residents had cars which were bought in
by train, but they were confined to roaming the few
miles of city streets.
The restless drive of Canada swiftly moving toward greater industrialization and raw material development is typified by Atikokan. The people represent many national backgrounds-Canadian,
Scandanavian, Baltic, Slavic, South European and
American. Many share a common aim: The chance
to improve themselves in the most basic of all industrial occupations-the mining of iron ore.
�Great Lakes
LOW-COST, EFFICIENT SHIPPING OF STEEL'S RAW MATERIALS
The world's greatest deposits of high grade iron ore
ring the rim of the northern Great Lakes. They lie
in separate ranges: the Menominee, Marquette and
Gogebic in Michigan, the Mesabi, Vermilion, Cuyuna
in Minnesota, and now the biggest mid-continental
ore find in 25 years, the Steep Rock district near
Atikokan, Ontario.
The availability of these ores to Great Lakes shipping, along with limestone and coal, the other two
basic steelmaking raw materials, enabled the American steel industry to achieve its highest regional
growth in the Midwest. Three of the nation's largest
steel plants, located in the Chicago area on the shores
of Lake Michigan, receive their ore from these ranges.
Transporting the region's annual requirements for
upwards of 30 million tons has given the giant ore
freighter a crucial importance in the logistics of steel.
Long, low, and fast, these vessels annually transport
more tonnage through the Soo Locks between Lake
Superior and Lake Huron than is carried yearly
through the Suez Canal.
�Inland Steel produces most of its iron ore. It operates five underground mines in northern Michigan
and Minnesota: the Morris and Greenwood, near
Ishpeming, the Sherwood at Iron River. the Bristol
at Crystal F°alls, all in Michigan; and the Armour
No. 2 at Crosby, Minnesota. The Caland Falls Bay
operation wilJ be the largest of these with an ultimate annual production of 3 million tons.
Inland also owns with other steel companies operating mines on the Mesabi Range.
Inland Steel has grown rapidly- 100 per cent in
capacity since World War II. Last year it completed
a $300 million modernization and growth program,
encompassing the construction of new automated
rolling mills, raw materials development, and expansion of its steel warehousing and fabricating subsidiaries. This year the company has earmarked $85
million for modernization and expansion.
The Caland development has been a vital part of
lnla,nd' s growth plans, for assured sources of increased tonnages of iron ore are essential to ingot
capacity expansion. Every new ton of capacity brings
a need for an additional ton of iron ore.
The Inland fleet of ore carrying vessels now numbers six with the addition of the giant new Edward
L. Ryerson, soon to be commissioned for service this
year. This new vessel can carry more than a million
tons of iron ore annually in the long runs between
Lake Superior ports and its Indiana Harbor home
port. This means an increase of 36 per cent in the per
trip capacity of the fleet.
Inland's integration with its iron ore sources is
greatly strengthened by Caland. The integration
rests, not only on vast ore deposits, but also the
fresh water routes for iron ore provided by the Great
Lakes.
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Caland Story
Subject
The topic of the resource
Business and Industry
Mining
Description
An account of the resource
Booklet "The Caland Story," produced by Caland Ore Ltd. about its operations at Steep Rock Lake near Atikokan. Published between 1960 and 1963.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Caland Ore Ltd.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Canada - Ontario - Atikokan
-
https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/60f3843cf3abeade5db3a69dce830c45.jpg
1e3032a6acafbbfc6547c9a78933ea34
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Schematic Map of the Caland Project
Subject
The topic of the resource
Business and Industry
Mining
Description
An account of the resource
Map of Caland Ore's mining project at Steep Rock, near Atikokan. June 1964.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Caland Ore
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1964-06
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Canada - Ontario - Atikokan
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Map
-
https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/ada841978e69413a4cc50bccf904d35c.jpg
265585aa95733c4d6cce2e154649b030
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Thunder Bay Finnish Canadian Historical Society Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
Finnish-Canadians
Life in Thunder Bay
Description
An account of the resource
Photographs collected by the Thunder Bay Finnish Canadian Historical Society from a wide range of collectors, documenting Finnish immigration to and life in Thunder Bay.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thunder Bay Finnish Canadian Historical Society
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Lakehead University Library
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Workers at mine in Red Lake
Subject
The topic of the resource
Business and Industry
Mining
People
Description
An account of the resource
Workers at mine in Red Lake, Ontario.
Donor: Forsberg & Dr. Laine Family.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MG8,D,1,4,C,136
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Canada - Ontario - Red Lake
-
https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/0a52f4b70907a7c649a518f86af668a2.tif
cb6d77ff08ac96a64bf40e6b1aeb8de9
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ken Armson fonds
Subject
The topic of the resource
Forestry
Description
An account of the resource
A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ken Armson
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1952-1995
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Photo
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Iron ore pelleting, Bruce Lake Mine, Red Lake
Subject
The topic of the resource
Forest Products Industry
Mining
Description
An account of the resource
Aerial view of mining operations
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ken Armson
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Lakehead University Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968-07
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
TIF
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Ken Armson-LandUse-08
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Ontario
-
https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/958866303d6295d43f45951cf0ea30cc.tif
55cf34dad66502777ac4311139665159
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ken Armson fonds
Subject
The topic of the resource
Forestry
Description
An account of the resource
A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ken Armson
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1952-1995
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Photo
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gold mine at Balmertown, Ontario
Subject
The topic of the resource
Forest Products Industry
Mining
Description
An account of the resource
Aerial view of mining operations
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ken Armson
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Lakehead University Library
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
TIF
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Ken Armson-LandUse-07
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Ontario
-
https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/8626a98b1944579e2ad20e735ccf7e22.tif
8f82dcd06dd0e2c31247975d7e899101
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ken Armson fonds
Subject
The topic of the resource
Forestry
Description
An account of the resource
A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ken Armson
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1952-1995
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Photo
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Smelter damage, barren road, Coniston
Subject
The topic of the resource
Forest Products Industry
Mining
Description
An account of the resource
Exposed rock and damaged soil
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ken Armson
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Lakehead University Library
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
TIF
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Ken Armson-LandUse-06
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Canada - Ontario - Coniston
-
https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/d6271dd5fec47045e621dccbcfcff457.tif
ec27887b4a6298b71b9f057e1af149a6
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ken Armson fonds
Subject
The topic of the resource
Forestry
Description
An account of the resource
A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ken Armson
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1952-1995
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Photo
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Smelter gases, Coniston in Precambrian shield
Subject
The topic of the resource
Forest Products Industry
Mining
Description
An account of the resource
Roadside view of smelter gases expulsion
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ken Armson
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Lakehead University Library
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
TIF
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Ken Armson-LandUse-05
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Ontario
-
https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/e4edf258804d0f9351b488727642612c.tif
cf6587eb037a522ea72aeda65af6e543
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ken Armson fonds
Subject
The topic of the resource
Forestry
Description
An account of the resource
A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ken Armson
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1952-1995
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Photo
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Smelter gases, seen from Hwy 69
Subject
The topic of the resource
Forest Products Industry
Mining
Description
An account of the resource
Industry operation view
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ken Armson
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Lakehead University Library
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
TIF
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Ken Armson-LandUse-04
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Canada - Ontario
-
https://digitalcollections.lakeheadu.ca/files/original/6c4e6bae70db83e7639f0f44b33ff4f7.tif
a1d7e7faf47b47a671d71fc1a60cefb5
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ken Armson fonds
Subject
The topic of the resource
Forestry
Description
An account of the resource
A collection of thousands of photographic slides depicting Ken Armson's work in the field of forestry, 1952-1995.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ken Armson
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1952-1995
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
These images have been digitized and shared on this site with permission. Most are still under copyright.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Photo
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hemlo goldfield, Noranda Mine
Subject
The topic of the resource
Forest Products Industry
Mining
Description
An account of the resource
Mine aerial view
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ken Armson
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Lakehead University Library
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
TIF
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Ken Armson-LandUse-0144
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Canada - Ontario