Winter desiccation from low snow cover, especially in late winter. Black spruce, 2+1, desiccation.

Winter cut, N.B. area of temporary water. This was an infraction by the company according to the BC Code of Forest practices. Isle Pierre, Canfor.

Winter browse on hardwoods. Killbear Park, Parry Sound.

Winter and snow cover at the Dunlap Observatory, Richmond Hill, the location of profile in slide #140

Aerial view of residential area

Windthrown old hemlock in stand with beech. N.B. mineral soil exposure. Alleghany National Forest

Windthrown hemlock. Alleghany National Forest.

95 yr.old Douglas fir windthrown. N.B. man in hole left when tree fell.

Windthrow same as slide #33, but from angle to show buried Ae and B of profile. Spodosol, P, C, WN, D.

Windthrow mound in Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest at Dorset; under maple/beech which had white pine and fire history. Spodosol, C, WN, D.